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| 332. |
- Pettersson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting resilience concepts to operational behaviour : A disaster exercise case study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 0966-0879 .- 1468-5973. ; 30:2, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary crisis management studies often make use of the concept of resilience. However, resilience as a term has a wide variety of meanings and has been criticized as lacking operationalization and empirical validation. The current study aimed to link resilience concepts to observable behaviour within a disaster medicine management system. Resilience concepts, captured in so-called capability cards and further operationalized into six resilience prerequisites, were used in the study. An experienced crisis management team participated in a large-scale crisis management exercise and behaviours were captured through observations, video and audio recordings. Using a markers and strategies analytical framework, two blinded raters classified observable behaviours that exemplified resilient practice. The analysis showed a high degree of agreement (79%) between the combined operationalized capability cards and resilience prerequisites and the empirical classification of behaviours. The current study shows an empirical link from resilience concepts to observable behaviours during an exercise. Observed episodic narratives exemplify empirically connected specific strategies to specific resilience markers. These results demonstrate a method with observed narratives for analyzing resilience in crisis management teams using a markers and strategies approach. Future studies can use the results to create structured observation protocols to evaluate resilient behaviours in crisis management teams.
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| 333. |
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| 334. |
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| 335. |
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| 336. |
- Pettersson, Jesper, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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KCl induced corrosion of a 304-type austenitic stainless steel at 600 degrees C; The role of potassium
- 2005
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 64:1-2, s. 23-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of KCl on the oxidation of the 304-type (Fe18Cr10Ni) austenitic stainless steel at 600 degrees C in 5% O-2 and in 5% O-2 + 40%H2O is investigated in the laboratory. The samples are coated with 0.1 mg/cm(2) KCl prior to exposure. Exposure time is 1-168 h. Uncoated samples are exposed for reference. The oxidized samples are analyzed by ESEM/EDX, XRD and AES. The results show that small additions of potassium chloride strongly accelerate high temperature corrosion, the oxide thickness being up to two orders of magnitude greater after exposure in the presence of KCl. The rapid corrosion is initiated by the formation of potassium chromate through the reaction of KCl with the protective oxide. Chromate formation is a sink for chromium in the oxide and leads to a loss of its protective properties. The resulting rapidly growing scale consists of an outer hematite layer with embedded K2CrO4 particles and an inner layer consisting of spinel oxide, (Fe,Cr,Ni)(3)O-4. Little or no chlorine is found in the scale or at the scale/metal interface.
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| 337. |
- Pettersson, Jesper, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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KCl-Induced Corrosion of a 304-type Austenitic Stainless Steel in O-2 and in O-2 + H2O Environment: The Influence of Temperature
- 2009
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 72:3-4, s. 159-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxidation of the 304-type (Fe18Cr10Ni) austenitic stainless steel was investigated in the temperature range 400-600 A degrees C in 5% O-2 and 5% O-2 + 40% H2O. Exposure time was up to 1 week. Prior to exposure, the polished samples were coated with 0.1 mg/cm(2) KCl. Uncoated samples were also exposed and used as references. The oxidized samples were analyzed by gravimetry and by ESEM/EDX, XRD, IC and AES. The results show that KCl is strongly corrosive. Corrosion is initiated by the reaction of KCl with the chromia-containing oxide that normally forms a protective layer on the alloy. This reaction produces potassium chromate particles, leaving a chromium-depleted oxide on the alloy surface. At 500 and 600 A degrees C this results in rapid oxidation, resulting in the formation of a thick scale consisting of a mixture of hematite, spinel oxide ((Fe,Cr,Ni)(3)O-4) and K2CrO4. The thick scale is poorly protective and permeable to e.g. chloride ions. The KCl-induced corrosion of alloy 304L in dry O-2 and in an O-2 + H2O mixture increases strongly with temperature in the range 400-600 A degrees C. The strong temperature dependence is explained partly by the temperature dependence of the chromate-formation reaction and partly by the ability of the chromium-depleted oxide to protect the alloy at low temperature. At 400 A degrees C, the oxide was still protective after 168 h.
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| 338. |
- Pettersson, Jenny, 1974-
(författare)
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Resilience in medical incident command
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Natural and manmade disasters are becoming more common and are creating increasingly complex response challenges. In Sweden, the responsibility for disaster management and disaster preparedness lies with the regions. Disaster preparedness includes the provision of training and exercises in medical command and control to establish the ability to create surge capacity. Resilience can serve as a theoretical perspective to identify crucial capabilities for managing disasters and can be defined within the domain of disaster medicine, as the ability to withstand, absorb, and react to the impact of disasters while preserving and augmenting essential health services, and subsequently recovering to the system’s original state or adapting to a new one. Research on resilience in medical command and control may contribute to evidence-based teaching and training for medical incident command. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to new knowledge about resilience in medical command and control and how to implement resilience in disaster management teaching and training. Methods: This thesis is based on four studies using a mix of qualitative and qualitative methods with both deductive and inductive approaches. In study I, a within-group pretest–posttest design was used to examine 13 head nurses´ general and specific self-efficacy before and after an intervention of three short computer-based simulation exercises. Study II was a case study focusing on a regional medical incident command taking part in a capability development program combining education, training, and exercises. In study III, an experienced medical incident command participated in a functional exercise and behaviors were captured through observations, video, and audio recordings. Using the markers and strategies analytic framework, observable behavior that exemplified resilient practice were identified. Study IV was a semi-structured, retrospective, in-depth interview study with an inductive design relying on the Critical Decision Method Results: Study I showed an increase in head nurses´ general but not specific self-efficacy. They also exhibited improved management skills, as indicated by shorter time-to-treatment for both trauma patients and in-hospital patients in the last exercise. Study II offers an example of how a resilience concept can be introduced to, contextualized, and operationalized with medical incident command personnel through a combination of education, training, and exercises. Study III shows an empirical link from resilience concepts to observable behaviors during an exercise in medical command and control. Study IV identified factors affecting decision-making in medical command and control during the early phase of COVID-19. Conclusions: The results contribute valuable insights to the understanding of challenges, strategies, education, and training methods related to resilience in medical command and control.
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| 339. |
- Pettersson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience Training of Regional Medical Command and Control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 34:1, s. 164-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction:Resilience is often described as a desirable holistic approach to disaster preparedness. However, the term has a wide variety of meanings and is hard to operationalize and implement in disaster management. A goal for the EU H2020 project DARWIN was to operationalize resilience for incident management teams.Aim:To test the resilience operationalization by analyzing command team behaviors in a major incident exercise and trace observations to resilience theory.Methods:A regional medical command and control team (n=11) was observed when performing in a functional simulation exercise of a mass casualty incident (300 injured, 1800 uninjured) following the collision of a cruise ship and an oil tanker close to the Swedish coast. Audio and video recordings of behaviors and communications were reviewed for resilient behaviors based on the DARWIN guidelines using the “resilience markers for small teams” framework (Furniss et al., 2011).Results:A total of 121 observed instances of resilient behaviors were found in the material. In 95 cases (79%) the observed behaviors followed a priori hypothesized connections between resilient strategies and general markers. Certain marker-strategy combinations occurred frequently, such as 18 observations where the strategy “understand crucial assumptions” occurred together with the marker “adapting to expected and unexpected events.”Discussion:Resilience has the potential to contribute to a more holistic disaster management approach. The findings that the observations, in general, correspond to the expected relationship between theoretical concretization and contextualization supports the DARWIN effort to operationalize resilience theory. This is a prerequisite for developing observational protocols for training and further studies of resilient behaviors in disaster management teams.
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| 340. |
- Pettersson, Jesper, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of KCl, K2SO4 and K2CO3 on the High Temperature Corrosion of a 304-Type Austenitic Stainless Steel
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 76:1-2, s. 93-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxidation of 304-type (Fe18Cr10Ni) austenitic stainless steel was investigated at 500 and 600 degrees C in 5% O(2) + 40% H(2)O. Prior to exposure the samples were sprayed with KCl, K(2)CO(3) or K(2)SO(4), the amount of salt corresponding to 1.35 mu mol K(+)/cm(2). For reference, salt-free samples were exposed in 5% O(2) + 40% H(2)O and in 5% O(2) (N(2) was used as carrier gas). The oxidized samples were analyzed with SEM/EDX, XRD, IC and FIB. KCl and K(2)CO(3) strongly accelerate the corrosion of 304L while K(2)SO(4) has little influence on the corrosion rate and on the morphology of the corroded surface. KCl and K(2)CO(3) react with the chromium-rich oxide on the sample surface, forming K(2)CrO(4). The resulting chromium depletion of the protective oxide causes rapid oxidation and the formation of a thick duplex scale consisting of an outer hematite layer and a inner layer made up of FeCrNi spinel-type oxide. The differences in the corrosivity of the three salts are directly connected to their ability to form chromate on the surface and, hence, to the relative stability of the corresponding leaving groups (HCl, CO(2) and SO(3)).
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