| 31. |
- Englund, Undis, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in middle-aged women and hip fracture risk : the UFO study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 22:2, s. 499-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: In a population-based case-control study, we demonstrate that middle-aged women who were active with walking or in different physical spare time activities were at lower risk of later sustaining a hip fracture compared to more sedentary women.Introduction: In middle-aged women participating in the Umeå Fracture and Osteoporosis (UFO) study, we investigated whether physical activity is associated with a subsequent decreased risk of sustaining a hip fracture.Methods: The UFO study is a nested case-control study investigating associations between bone markers, lifestyle, and osteoporotic fractures. We identified 81 female hip fracture cases that had reported lifestyle data before they sustained their fracture. Each case was compared with two female controls who were identified from the same cohort and matched for age and week of reporting data, yielding a total cohort of 237 subjects. Mean age at baseline was 57.2 ± 5.0 years, and mean age at fracture was 65.4 ± 6.4 years.Results: Conditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for height, weight, smoking, and menopausal status showed that subjects who were regularly active with walking or had a moderate or high frequency of physical spare time activities (i.e. berry/mushroom picking and snow shovelling) were at reduced risk of sustaining a hip fracture (OR 0.14; 95% CI; 0.05–0.53 for walking and OR 0.19; 95% CI; 0.08–0.46, OR 0.17, 95% CI; 0.05–0.64 for moderate and high frequency of spare time activities, respectively) compared to more sedentary women.Conclusion: An active lifestyle in middle age seems to reduce the risk of future hip fracture. Possible mechanisms may include improved muscle strength, coordination, and balance resulting in a decreased risk of falling and perhaps also direct skeletal benefits.
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| 32. |
- Englund, Undis, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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The beneficial effects of exercise on BMC are lost after cessation : a 5-year follow-up in older post-menopausal women
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 19:3, s. 381-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates whether the positive effects on bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and neuromuscular function following a combined weight-bearing program are sustained in older women, a longer period after cessation of training. Thirty-four women (18 exercisers and 16 controls) aged 73–88 years, who completed a 12-month randomized-controlled trial, were invited to a 5-year follow-up assessment of BMD and neuromuscular function. Both groups sustained significant losses in BMD of the femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle during the follow-up period. Significant losses were also seen in all neuromuscular function tests. The inter-group change was, however, significant only for maximal walking speed where the exercise group had a significantly greater loss. In conclusion, this study suggests that gains in bone density and neuromuscular functions achieved by training are lost after cessation of training. Continuous high-intensity weight-loading physical activity is probably necessary to preserve bone density and neuromuscular function in older women.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Eriksson, Anna-Lena, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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[Preparing for the licence to prescribe in medical school - a questionnaire study on medical students professional confidence in the art of prescribing]. : Läkemedelsarbete behöver vara integrerat i klinisk utbildning - Att göra många läkemedelsgenomgångar ökar trygghet och reflektion över patientens behandling, visar enkätstudie.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prerequisite for rational use of medicines is adequate prescribing skills; drug treatment isa complex task requiring diagnostic competence combined with pharmacologic knowledge and patient communication skills.Acquiring professional confidence in the art of prescribing is essential during medical training.The results of this questionnaire study, conducted in four medical schools in Sweden after the course in internal medicine (252 respondents; response rate: 74%; median age: 24 years, 61% female), show that 45% and 62% were confident in performing medication reviews and writing medication summary reports, respectively, i.e. the basics of prescribing. The confidence increased by the number of reviews and reports performed, i.e. the extent of practice (correlation coefficients: 0.41 and 0.38, respectively, both p<0.0001), as did the extent of the students' reflection on important aspects of drug treatment such as adherence, adverse reactions, renal function, dosing, and drug interactions. In multivariate regression analyses, major predictors for confidence in performing medication reviews were extent of practice and extent of clinical supervision. The results suggest that these factors are keys to acquiring professional confidence in the art of prescribing.
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| 35. |
- Estrada, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:5, s. 491-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.
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| 36. |
- Florin, Ulrika, 1964-
(författare)
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Från idé till gestaltningsförslag : fallstudie från Projekt Konstpaus
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Populär sammanfattning I vårt samhälle finns många offentliga konstverk. Dessa verk har kommit till på olika sätt men gemensamt är att konstverken i de allra flesta fall upphandlats med utgångspunkt i någon form av skiss. Skissen föregår det kommande konstverket och tjänar som underlag för beslut om upphandling av verket i full skala. Kunskapen om hur skisser kan tydas varierar och dessutom förekommer flera typer av skisser som var för sig fordrar olika sorters insikter av betraktaren (beslutsfattaren) för att kunna tolkas. Det övergripande temat för avhandlingen är kommunikationsprocesserna i relation till utvecklingen av 12 konstnärers gestaltningsförslag, tävlingsbidrag, samt hur juryns bedömning av dessa ser ut. Studien är baserad på material insamlat från de deltagande konstnärernas processer i Projekt Konstpaus, ett projekt delfinansierat av EU. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur konstnärer utformar sina gestaltningsförslag, samt hur dessa förslag används och värderas. För att göra detta har tävlingsbidragen analyserats och konstnärerna intervjuats. Konstnärliga gestaltningsprocesser har synliggjorts liksom kommunikationen mellan beställare och konstnär.Bland annat har det framkommit att det finns en större potential att förmedla ett komplext gestaltningsinnehåll till en jury med stöd av digitala skisser, än vid användande av traditionella skisser. Det har visat sig att det kommande konstverkets kvaliteter blir synliga, men också att de brister som finns i gestaltningen tydliggörs i 3D- skisserna. Liksom teknologier tidigare i historien haft sin påverkan på bildutvecklingen, tolkningen och seendet har också övergången till digitala skisstekniker denna inverkan. Det har också visat sig att den text som tillhör respektive tävlingsbidrag haft avgörande betydelse för utfallet av jurybedömningen. Muntliga och skriftliga presentationer, bilagor och brev har påverkat juryn i sina beslut.Studien har också visat hur konstnärer kan tolka och förmedla resultat av en inventering och genom sina skisser förmedla dessa tolkningar. Konsten som tolkare av miljö, tid och tanke, kan gestalta information om en plats och i och med detta också fungera värnande för ett samhälles identitet i olika faser av en utveckling.Studien har bidragit med en djupare inblick i konstnärliga gestaltningsprocesser och hur de kan beskrivas samt i och med detta också en fördjupad förståelse i allmänhet av kreativa processer.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Frysz, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of adult hip shape genetic variants on adolescent hip shape : Findings from a population-based DXA study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Hip shape is a well-recognized risk factor for hip osteoarthritis (OA) and hip fracture. We aimed to investigate whether the genetic variants known to be associated with adult hip shape were also associated with adolescent hip shape.Methods: Hip DXA scans, obtained in offspring from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) at two time points (mean ages 13.8 and 17.8 years), were used to quantify hip morphology using a 53-point Statistical Shape Model (SSM). Principal component analysis was used to generate hip shape modes (HSMs). Genetic variants which had previously shown genome-wide significant association with specific HSMs in adults were tested for association with the same HSMs in adolescents (at each timepoint separately) using SNPTEST v2.Results: Complete genotypic and phenotypic data were available for 3550 and 3175 individuals at 14 and 18 years, respectively. The strongest evidence for association with adolescent hip shape was for a variant located near SOX9 (rs2158915) with consistent effects across both time points for HSM1 (age 14: beta -0.05, p = 9.9 x 10(-8); age 18: -0.05, p = 3.3 x 10(-6)) and HSM5 (age 14: beta -0.07, p = 1.6 x 10(-4); age 18: -0.1, p = 2.7 x 10(-6)). There was also strong evidence of association between rs10743612 (near PTHLH) and HSM1 (age 14: 0.05, p = 1.1 x 10(-5); age 18: 0.04, p = 0.003) and between rs6537291 (near HHIP) and HSM2 (age 14: -0.06, p = 0.001; age 18: -0.07, p = 0.001) across both time points. The genes with the strongest associations with hip shape in adolescents, (SOX9, PTHLH and HHIP) are known to be involved in endochondral bone formation. HSM1 indicates narrower aspect ratio of the upper femur, whereas both HSM2 and HSM5 reflect variation in the femoral head size and femoral neck width, features previously found to be related to the risk of OA in later life. The SOX9 locus has previously been found to associate with increased risk of hip fracture.Conclusion: In conclusion, variants implicated in endochondral bone formation appear to consistently influence hip shape between adolescence and adulthood, including those aspects related to risk of hip OA and/or fracture in later life.
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| 39. |
- Grahnemo, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Low Circulating Valine Associate With High Risk of Hip Fractures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 108:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Hip fractures constitute a major health concern. An adequate supply of amino acids is crucial to ensure optimal acquisition and remodeling of bone. Circulating amino acid levels have been proposed as markers of bone mineral density, but data on their ability to predict incident fractures are scarce. Objectives To investigate the associations between circulating amino acids and incident fractures. Methods We used UK Biobank (n = 111 257; 901 hip fracture cases) as a discovery cohort and the Umea Fracture and Osteoporosis (UFO) hip fracture study (hip fracture cases n = 2225; controls n = 2225) for replication. Associations with bone microstructure parameters were tested in a subsample of Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sweden (n = 449). Results Circulating valine was robustly associated with hip fractures in the UK Biobank (HR per SD increase 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.84), and this finding was replicated in the UFO study (combined meta-analysis including 3126 incident hip fracture cases, odds ratio per SD increase 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.88). Detailed bone microstructure analyses showed that high circulating valine was associated with high cortical bone area and trabecular thickness. Conclusion Low circulating valine is a robust predictor of incident hip fractures. We propose that circulating valine may add information for hip fracture prediction. Future studies are warranted to determine whether low valine is causally associated with hip fractures.
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| 40. |
- Hall, Ulrika Andersson, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolism and Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Following Post-Exercise Carbohydrate or Protein Intake.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-2742 .- 1526-484X. ; 28:1, s. 37-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated how post-exercise intake of placebo (PLA), protein (PRO) or carbohydrate (CHO) affected fat oxidation (FO) and metabolic parameters during recovery and subsequent exercise.In a cross-over design, 12 moderately trained women (VO2max 45 ± 6 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1)) performed three days of testing. A 23 min control (CON) incremental FO bike test (30-80% VO2max) was followed by 60 min exercise at 75% VO2max. Immediately post-exercise, subjects ingested PLA, 20 g PRO or 40 g CHO followed by a second FO bike test 2h later.Maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity at which MFO occurs (Fatmax) increased at the second FO test compared to the first following all three post-exercise drinks (MFO for CON=0.28±0.08, PLA=0.57±0.13, PRO=0.52±0.08, CHO=0.44±0.12 g fat·min(-1); Fatmax for CON=41±7, PLA=54±4, PRO=55±6, CHO=50±8 %VO2max, P<0.01 for all values compared to CON). Resting FO, MFO and Fatmax were not significantly different between PLA and PRO, but lower for CHO. PRO and CHO increased insulin levels at 1h post-exercise, though both glucose and insulin were equal with PLA at 2h. Increased post-exercise ketone levels only occurred with PLA.Protein supplementation immediately post-exercise did not affect the doubling in whole body fat oxidation seen during a subsequent exercise trial 2 hours later. Neither did it affect resting fat oxidation during the post-exercise period despite increased insulin levels and attenuated ketosis. Carbohydrate intake dampened the increase in fat oxidation during the second test, though a significant increase was still observed compared to the first test.
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