| 31. |
- Hesser, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Therapist-assisted Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression and anxiety : Translating evidence into clinical practice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0887-6185 .- 1873-7897. ; 28:8, s. 884-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This dissemination study examined the effectiveness of therapist-assisted Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy (ICBT) when offered in clinical practice. A centralized unit screened and coordinated ICBT delivered by newly trained therapists working in six geographically dispersed clinical settings. Using an open trial design, 221 patients were offered 12 modules of ICBT for symptoms of generalized anxiety (n=112), depression (n=83), or panic (n=26). At baseline, midpoint and post-treatment, kpatients completed self-report measures. On average, patients completed 8 of 12 modules. Latent growth curve modeling identified significant reductions in depression, anxiety, stress and impairment (d=.65-.78), and improvements in quality of life (d=.48-.66). Improvements in primary symptoms were large (d=.91-1.25). Overall, therapist-assisted ICBT was effective when coordinated across settings in clinical practice, but further attention should be given to strategies to improve completion of treatment modules.
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| 32. |
- Kondo, Masayuki, et al.
(författare)
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Are Land-Use Change Emissions in Southeast Asia Decreasing or Increasing?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236. ; 36:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Southeast Asia is a region known for active land-use changes (LUC) over the past 60 years; yet, how trends in net CO2 uptake and release resulting from LUC activities (net LUC flux) have changed through past decades remains uncertain. The level of uncertainty in net LUC flux from process-based models is so high that it cannot be concluded that newer estimates are necessarily more reliable than older ones. Here, we examined net LUC flux estimates of Southeast Asia for the 1980s−2010s from older and newer sets of Dynamic Global Vegetation Model simulations (TRENDY v2 and v7, respectively), and forcing data used for running those simulations, along with two book-keeping estimates (H&N and BLUE). These estimates yielded two contrasting historical LUC transitions, such that TRENDY v2 and H&N showed a transition from increased emissions from the 1980s to 1990s to declining emissions in the 2000s, while TRENDY v7 and BLUE showed the opposite transition. We found that these contrasting transitions originated in the update of LUC forcing data, which reduced the loss of forest area during the 1990s. Further evaluation of remote sensing studies, atmospheric inversions, and the history of forestry and environmental policies in Southeast Asia supported the occurrence of peak emissions in the 1990s and declining thereafter. However, whether LUC emissions continue to decline in Southeast Asia remains uncertain as key processes in recent years, such as conversion of peat forest to oil-palm plantation, are yet to be represented in the forcing data, suggesting a need for further revision.
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| 33. |
- Krysko, O, et al.
(författare)
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Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high numbers of alveolar mast cells and their degranulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13, s. 968981-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The systemic inflammatory response post-SARS-CoV-2 infection increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production, multi-organ damage, and mortality rates. Mast cells (MC) modulate thrombo-inflammatory disease progression (e.g., deep vein thrombosis) and the inflammatory response post-infection.ObjectiveTo enhance our understanding of the contribution of MC and their proteases in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of the disease, which might help to identify novel therapeutic targets.MethodsMC proteases chymase (CMA1), carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), and tryptase beta 2 (TPSB2), as well as cytokine levels, were measured in the serum of 60 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (30 moderate and 30 severe; severity of the disease assessed by chest CT) and 17 healthy controls by ELISA. MC number and degranulation were quantified by immunofluorescent staining for tryptase in lung autopsies of patients deceased from either SARS-CoV-2 infection or unrelated reasons (control). Immortalized human FcεR1+c-Kit+ LUVA MC were infected with SARS-CoV-2, or treated with its viral proteins, to assess direct MC activation by flow cytometry.ResultsThe levels of all three proteases were increased in the serum of patients with COVID-19, and strongly correlated with clinical severity. The density of degranulated MC in COVID-19 lung autopsies was increased compared to control lungs. The total number of released granules and the number of granules per each MC were elevated and positively correlated with von Willebrand factor levels in the lung. SARS-CoV-2 or its viral proteins spike and nucleocapsid did not induce activation or degranulation of LUVA MC in vitro.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is strongly associated with activation of MC, which likely occurs indirectly, driven by the inflammatory response. The results suggest that plasma MC protease levels could predict the disease course, and that severe COVID-19 patients might benefit from including MC-stabilizing drugs in the treatment scheme.
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| 34. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Land-use and land-cover change carbon emissions between 1901 and 2012 constrained by biomass observations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14:22, s. 5053-5067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) to estimate CO2 emissions from land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) offers a new window to account for spatial and temporal details of emissions and for ecosystem processes affected by LULCC. One drawback of LULCC emissions from DGVMs, however, is lack of observation constraint. Here, we propose a new method of using satellite-and inventory-based biomass observations to constrain historical cumulative LULCC emissions (E-LUC(c)) from an ensemble of nine DGVMs based on emerging relationships between simulated vegetation biomass and E-LUC(c). This method is applicable on the global and regional scale. The original DGVM estimates of E-LUC(c) range from 94 to 273 PgC during 1901-2012. After constraining by current biomass observations, we derive a best estimate of 155 +/- 50 PgC (1 sigma Gaussian error). The constrained LULCC emissions are higher than prior DGVM values in tropical regions but significantly lower in North America. Our emergent constraint approach independently verifies the median model estimate by biomass observations, giving support to the use of this estimate in carbon budget assessments. The uncertainty in the constrained Ec LUC is still relatively large because of the uncertainty in the biomass observations, and thus reduced uncertainty in addition to increased accuracy in biomass observations in the future will help improve the constraint. This constraint method can also be applied to evaluate the impact of land-based mitigation activities.
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| 35. |
- Manev, E, et al.
(författare)
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Frother/collector interactions in thin froth films and flotation
- 1993
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 70, s. 289-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin aqueous equilibrium film studies and surface tension measurements on a mixed surfactant system consisting of polyethylene oxide (a model frother) and potassium ethyl xanthate (a model collector) enable the interaction between the two surfactants at the air/solution interface to be elucidated. For the film containing the non-ionic frother, the interface was charged and addition of low concentrations of xanthate acted as a common electrolyte and reduced the thickness of the film inducing rupture. However, at high xanthate collector concentrations, the negative charge xanthate was found to interact with the non-ionic and caused a buildup of negative charge at the air/solution. Higher frother concentrations were necessary to produce non-rupturing thin films upon increasing the xanthate concentration.
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| 36. |
- Manev, E, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of tetraalkylammonium counterions on the drainage and stability of thin films and foams stabilized by dilute aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 186, s. 493-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was demonstrated that the presence of tetraalkylammonium counterions in aqueous foams and thin film lamella stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulphate (at concentrations below the cmc) can either act to promote or prevent foam stability. The increase in stability is caused by the congenial incorporation of the smaller and more hydrophilic counterions such as tetraethyl ammonium cations and to some extent tetrabutyl ammonium cations into the interfacial anionic layers. This causes regular thin film drainage rates and promotes black films and stable foams. The structure changes increase the interfacial cohesive interaction and resiliency within the thin film lamella. The decrease in stability is associated with rapid drainage rates and is caused by the penetration of larger more hydrophobic tetrapentylammonium cations in the layers. This disrupts and weakens the molecular interactions (less cohesion). This result is quite different from previously reported studies (1) describing with the action of tetraalkylammonium counterions on sodium dodecyl sulphate (at concentrations above the cmc). At these higher surfactant concentrations, a defoaming action was generally observed and could be explained in terms of a reduction in the dynamic stability (Gibbs surface elasticity).
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| 37. |
- Poptoshev, E, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of surface aging on the drainage of foam films stabilized by aqueous solutions of ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose
- 1997
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 13, s. 3905-3908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The drainage times of microscopic horizontal foam films stabilised by dilute aqueous solutions of ethyl (hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC) was shown to be dependent on the ageing effects (conformation changes of the adsorbed macromolecules) occuring in the freshly creates air/solution interface. At low polymer concentration (5 ppm), the films drained fairly rapidly from thickeness of about 400 to 300 nm with drainage times about 5 to 6 times greater than theoretical values calculated using the Reynolds equation. However, at higher polymer concentrations (100 ppm) at extended surface ageing (15 to 180 minutes) the films drainage times were shown to increase drastically giving values 50 times greater than theoretical values. Although these ageing effects could not be directly related to surface tension data, diffusion coefficient were calculated from interfacial tension profiles using classical diffusion theory. As the concentration of polymer increased, the diffusion coefficient were shown to decrease and were considerably smaller than previously reported experimentally values determined in bulk solution by NMR. This difference between experimental and theoretical results endorsed a kinetic rather than a diffusion or mass transport model for the transfer of EHEC molecules to the interface. The increase in drainage times with extended ageing times could be explained by the gradual formation of a steric energy barrier caused by configuration changes of the adsorbed polymer. This propably involved the progressive extension of the EHEC tails into the aqueous phase increasing the disjoining pressure, decreasing the drainage rate and producing thick stable films.
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| 38. |
- Pugh, RJ, et al.
(författare)
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A fundamental study of mica flotation in dodecylamine collector
- 1995
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Ingår i: Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science. - 0340-255X .- 1437-8027. ; 98, s. 284-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The batch flotation response of mica in dodecylamine solution was related to foam film experiments where the stability, thickness, and interfacial potentials at the air/dodecylamine solution interface was determined. These results were compared with surface force data (reported in an earlier publication) in which hydrophobic adhesion (pull-off force), adsorbed film thickness, and the interaction between molecularly smooth mica sheets in the amine collector solution was determined. The data covered a range of pH values. Maximum flotation occurred at pH 8 and correlated to a tightly packed hydrophobio collector monolayer giving maximum hydrophobicity to the mica surface. From extended DLVO theory, it was shown that heterocoagulation between the bubble and the mica could only occur providing there was a very long range hydrophobic interaction force to counterbalance the repulsive van der Waals and electrostatic forces.
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| 39. |
- Pugh, RJ, et al.
(författare)
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Non-ionic surfactant monolayers
- 1995
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Ingår i: Tenside Surfactants Detergents. - 0932-3414 .- 2195-8564. ; 32, s. 278-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The foam stability of aqueous solutions of pentaethylene glycol n-decyl ether and pentaethylene glycol n-dodecyl ether surfactants was related to experimental studies carried out on thin horizontal microscopic single films of the surfactant solutions using the microinterferometric film apparatus developed by Scheludko [1]. It was observed that an initial decrease in film thickness and reduction in potential at the air/solution interface of the film, occurred at a critical surfactant concentration where "black spots" appeared in the film when it was observed in reflected light. The black spots appeared to expand and coalesce, until the entire sheet was thinned down to a metastable common black film. In addition, a sharp increase in foam stability occured above this surfactant concentration, which was about 0.1 c. m. c, and corresponded to a high surface adsorption density of surfactant. We believe that the cause of the phenomenon was a change in state of the surfactant monolayer as originally proposed by Scheludko and Exerowa [2, 3]. Such a change (condensation) from gaseous to liquid expanded monolayers, has already been established for ionic surfactants and may change the rheological properties of the adsorbed film, enhancing the foam stability. Finally, the foam stability was determined at a range of electrolyte (KCI) concentrations from which it could be suggested that two types offoam stabilization methods were operating In the low electrolyte concentration, the stability appeared to be controlled by the metastable common first black film, but at high electrolyte concentrations the stability seemed to be dependent on secondary "Newton black" films
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| 40. |
- Pugh, T. A M, et al.
(författare)
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Climate analogues suggest limited potential for intensification of production on current croplands under climate change
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change could pose a major challenge to efforts towards strongly increase food production over the coming decades. However, model simulations of future climate-impacts on crop yields differ substantially in the magnitude and even direction of the projected change. Combining observations of current maximum-attainable yield with climate analogues, we provide a complementary method of assessing the effect of climate change on crop yields. Strong reductions in attainable yields of major cereal crops are found across a large fraction of current cropland by 2050. These areas are vulnerable to climate change and have greatly reduced opportunity for agricultural intensification. However, the total land area, including regions not currently used for crops, climatically suitable for high attainable yields of maize, wheat and rice is similar by 2050 to the present-day. Large shifts in land-use patterns and crop choice will likely be necessary to sustain production growth rates and keep pace with demand.
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