| 41. |
- Irshad, Muneeb, et al.
(författare)
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A Brief Description of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell's Operation, Materials, Design, Fabrication Technologies and Performance
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 6:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today's world needs highly efficient systems that can fulfill the growing demand for energy. One of the promising solutions is the fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is considered by many developed countries as an alternative solution of energy in near future. A lot of efforts have been made during last decade to make it commercial by reducing its cost and increasing its durability. Different materials, designs and fabrication technologies have been developed and tested to make it more cost effective and stable. This article is focused on the advancements made in the field of high temperature SOFC. High temperature SOFC does not need any precious catalyst for its operation, unlike in other types of fuel cell. Different conventional and innovative materials have been discussed along with properties and effects on the performance of SOFC's components (electrolyte anode, cathode, interconnect and sealing materials). Advancements made in the field of cell and stack design are also explored along with hurdles coming in their fabrication and performance. This article also gives an overview of methods required for the fabrication of different components of SOFC. The flexibility of SOFC in terms fuel has also been discussed. Performance of the SOFC with varying combination of electrolyte, anode, cathode and fuel is also described in this article.
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| 42. |
- Irshad, Muneeb, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrochemical evaluation of mixed ionic electronic perovskite cathode LaNi1-xCoxO3-delta for IT-SOFC synthesized by high temperature decomposition
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 46:18, s. 10448-10456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cobalt doped perovskite cathode material LaNi1-xCoxO3-3 (x = 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) synthesized by cost effective high temperature decomposition is investigated as mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC) for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). LaNiO3 is known for its high electronic conductivity and to introduce more oxygen vacancies for enhancing its ionic conductivity, Ni at B site is substituted by Co. XRD analysis showed perovskite structure for all samples with no additional phases, which was also confirmed by FTIR results. Microstructure analysis revealed well connected and porous structure for LaNi1-xCoxO3-3 (x = 0.6) compared to other compositions. The elemental analysis using EDX confirmed presence of lanthanum, nickel, and cobalt within all samples. No prominent weight loss was observed during TGA analysis. The highest value of conductivity was obtained for LaNi1-xCoxO3-3 (x = 0.6) due to its porous and networked structure of sub micrometric grains. The superior performance is attained for the cell based on LaNi1-xCoxO3-3 (x = 0.6) cathode with maximum power density of 0.45 Wcm(-2) compared to other composition which can be attributed to its well connected and porous structure that caused enhanced electrochemical reaction at triple phase boundary (TPB). It was therefore deduced that LaNi1-xCoxO3-8 (x = 0.6) is promising composition to be used as MIEC cathode for IT-SOFC. (c) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
- Irshad, Muneeb, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNixO3-delta perovskite cathode using nickel as a sintering aid for IT-SOFC
- 2021
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 11:24, s. 14475-14483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research work, BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNixO3-delta (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) perovskite cathode material for IT-SOFC is synthesized successfully using a combustion method and sintered at low temperature. The effects of nickel as a sintering aid on the properties of BaCo0.Fe-4(0).Zr-4(0).O-2(3-delta) are investigated through different characterization methods. The addition of nickel increased the densification and grain growth at a lower sintering temperature 1200 degrees C. XRD analysis confirms a single phase of BaCo0.Fe-4(0).Zr-4(0).O-2(3-delta), and an increase in crystalline size is observed. SEM micrographs show formation of dense microstructure with increased nickel concentration. TGA analysis revealed that BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNix cathode materials are thermally stable within the SOFC temperature range, and negligible weight loss of 2.3% is observed. The bonds of hydroxyl groups and metal oxides are confirmed for all samples through FTIR analysis. The highest electrical properties are observed for BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNix (x = 0.04) due to increased densification and electronic defects compared to other compositions. The maximum power density of 0.47 W cm(-2) is obtained for a cell having cathode material BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNix (x = 0.02) owing to its permeable and well-connected structure compared to others.
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| 44. |
- Irshad, Muneeb, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of BaZr0.8X0.2 (X= Y, Gd, Sm) proton conducting electrolytes sintered at low temperature for IT-SOFC synthesized by cost effective combustion method
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In present work, perovskite structured proton conducting electrolyte materials BaZr0.8Y0.2 (BZY), BaZr0.8Gd0.2 (BZGd) and BaZr0.8Sm0.2 (BZSm) synthesized by cost effective combustion method are investigated for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). The synthesized BZY, BZGd and BZSm materials are sintered at low temperature (1150 degrees C) and the effect of low sintering temperature on electrolyte properties are also explored. Microstructure, surface morphology, elemental composition, functional group and weight loss are studied using different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR and TGA. XRD shows cubic perovskite structure of all synthesized materials. Secondary phase of Y2O3 is observed in BZY while BaO is observed in BZGd and BZSm due to low sintering temperature. SEM micrographs reveals dense microstructure of BZSm compared to BZY and BZGd. EDX analysis confirms the required material composition within all samples with no impurities. FTIR shows the presence of hydroxyl group and metal oxides and it is observed that BZY exhibit more structural symmetry compared to BZSm and BZGd. Highest conductivity observed (2.2 x 10(-3) S/cm) for BZY due to its structural symmetry and characteristic to prefer B-site of perovskite. Also significant power densities of 0.34 Wcm(-2), 0.24 Wcm(-2) and 0.32 Wcm(-2) for BZY, BZGd and BZSm electrolytes based cells at 650 degrees C implies that BZY, BZGd and BZSm can be used as IT-SOFC electrolytes. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 45. |
- Irshad, Muneeb, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of densification effects on the properties of 8 mol % yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte synthesized by cost effective coprecipitation route
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 47:2, s. 2857-2863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current work, properties of 8YSZ powder synthesized by co-precipitation method and sintered at 1200 degrees C, 1300 degrees C and 1400 degrees C are investigated. XRD analysis shows that all 8YSZ samples exhibit cubic phase and increased crystallite size is observed with increased sintering temperature. The relative density measurements show increased densification due to increased sintering temperature and relative density >96% is obtained for 8YSZ sintered at 1400 degrees C. SEM micrographs also confirm that structure becomes denser with increase in sintering temperature. EDX analysis confirms the elemental composition of 8YSZ and no impurity is observed while thermal analysis reveals weight losses within different temperature ranges. High ionic conductivity and maximum power density of 0.41 Wcm(-2) is obtained for cell having 8YSZ electrolyte sintered at 1400 degrees C owing to its compact, dense and gas tight microstructure.
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| 46. |
- Javed, Muhammad Sufyan, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical studies of perovskite cathode material for direct natural gas fuel cell
- 2016
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 41:4, s. 3072-3078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural gas is the most promising renewable energy source and its widespread availability ensured its importance for early applications in stationary fuel cells as a reliable and low cost fuel. Therefore it is very important to efficiently utilization of natural gas in low temperature fuel cells. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of perovskite material of Yttrium doped Sr0.92FexTi1-xO3-delta (x = 0.25, 030) (YSFT) by solid state reaction method and further investigated as a new cathode material for a low temperature solid oxide fuel cell fueled by natural gas. The YSFT is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and scanning electron microscopy. The perovskite structure is achieved at relatively low temperature (850 degrees C). The average crystalline size is found 28 nm and 36 nm for x = 0.25 and 0.30 respectively. TGA results showed the lattice oxygen loss of YSFT is about 0.206% in its original weight in the temperature range of 25-1000 degrees C. The maximum electronic conductivities of 2.3 Scm(-1) and 2.07 Scm(-1) are achieved for x = 025 and x = 0.30 at 550 degrees C in air atmosphere respectively. It is observed that the oxygen reduction is enhanced due to the perovskite crystal structure and oxygen vacancies play an important role in the redox reaction to improve the performance of fuel cell. The YSFT perovskite cathode material based fuel cell with natural gas have achieved the power density of 250 mWcm(-2) for x = 025 at 550 degrees C. The fuel cell device has demonstrated very stable results by running continuously for 5 h with domestic available natural gas.
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| 47. |
- Javed, Muhammad Sufyan, et al.
(författare)
-
The energy crisis in Pakistan : A possible solution via biomass-based waste
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1941-7012. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing countries like Pakistan need a continuous supply of clean and cheap energy. It is a very common fear in today's world that the fossil fuels will be depleted soon and the cost of energy is increasing day-by-day. Renewable energy sources and technologies have the potential to provide solutions to long-standing energy problems faced by developing countries. Currently, Pakistan is experiencing a critical energy crisis and renewable energy resources can be the best alternatives for quickly terminating the need for fossil fuels. The renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy combined with fuel cell technology can be used to overcome the energy shortage in Pakistan. Biomass is a promising renewable energy source and is gaining more interest because it produces a similar type of fuel like crude oil and natural gas. Energy from biomass only depends upon the availability of raw materials; therefore, biomass can play an important role to fulfill the energy requirements of the modern age. The use of energy has increased greatly since the last century and almost all human activities have become more dependent on energy. Biomass, being a potential and indigenous candidate, could be a good solution to meet the energy needs of Pakistan. In this review paper, the detailed current energy requirements and solutions from available energy resources and the scope, potential, and implementation of biomass conversion to energy in Pakistan are explored with a special focus on the major province of Punjab and the advantages of biomass for energy purposes.
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| 48. |
- Khan, M. Ajmal, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of titania concentration on the grain boundary conductivity of calcium-doped ceria electrolyte
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 40:7, s. 9775-9781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A solid-state technique was used to synthesize ceria-based (CDC-xT, in which x=0-1 mol%) solid electrolyte ceramics. The effects of doping the ceramic solid electrolyte (CDC) with titanium oxide were studied with regard to densification, crystal structure, morphology, electro-impedance spectroscopy and fuel cell performance. TiO2 doping afforded materials a 95% relative density at 940 degrees C, approximately 200 degrees C lower than the temperature required without titanium oxide. The addition of titanium oxide (TiO2) reduced the CDC sintering temperature and significantly improved the grain boundary conduction. The minimum grain boundary resistivity was obtained at 0.8 mol% TiO2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the lattice parameters enhanced with increased titanium oxide concentrations up to 0.8 mol%, revealing the solubility limit for Caria's fluorite structure. The optimum doping level (0.8 mol%) is provided maximum conductivity. Conductivities were measured using EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) with a two-probe method, and the activation energies were calculated using the Arrhenius plots. The maximum power density (660 mW/cm(2)) was achieved with CDC 0.8T electrolyte at 650 degrees C using LiCuZnNi oxide electrodes.
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| 49. |
- Khan, M. Ajmal, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesize and characterization of ceria based nano-composite materials for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 43:12, s. 6310-6317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study is focused on ceria based mixed (ionic and electronic conductor) composite Al0.05Ni0.1Ti0.05Zn0.80-SDC (ATZN-SDC) oxide material was prepared by solid state reaction, which can be used as anode materials for solid oxide fuel cell. The effect of Ti and Al oxides were analyzed on the NiZn-SDC composite with respect to its conductivity and catalytic activity in hydrogen atmosphere. The average crystallite size of the composite was found to be 40-100 nm by XRD and SEM. The DC conductivity was determined by 4-probe technique. The electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) was also examined in hydrogen atmosphere within a temperature range of 350-550 degrees C. The maximum power density 370 mW/cm(2) was achieved at 650 degrees C.
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| 50. |
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