| 421. |
- Stelemekas, Štelemėkas, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol control policy measures and all-cause mortality in Lithuania : an interrupted time-series analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:10, s. 2673-2684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims Alcohol use has been identified as a major risk factor for burden of mortality and disease, particularly for countries in eastern Europe. During the past two decades, several countries in this region have implemented effective alcohol policy measures to combat this burden. The aim of the current study was to measure the association between Lithuania's alcohol control policies and adult all-cause mortality.Design Interrupted time-series methodology by means of general additive models.Setting Lithuania.Participants Adult population of Lithuania, aged 20 years and older.Measurements Alcohol control policies were ascertained via a document review of relevant legislation materials. Policy effects were evaluated as follows: (1) slope changes in periods of legislative (non-)activity with regard to alcohol control policy (analysis 1); (2) level changes of three interventions following recommendations of the World Health Organization (analysis 2); and (3) level changes of seven interventions judged a priori by an international panel of experts (analysis 3). Mortality was measured by sex-stratified and total monthly age-standardized rates of all-cause mortality for the adult population.Findings During the period 2001-18, effective alcohol control policy measures were implemented on several occasions, and in those years the all-cause mortality rate declined by approximately 3.2% more than in years without such policies. In particular, the implementation of increased taxation in 2017 was associated with reduced mortality over and above the general trend for men and in total for all analyses, which amounted to 1452 deaths avoided (95% confidence interval = -166 to -2739) in the year following the implementation of the policy.Conclusions Alcohol control policies in Lithuania appear to have reduced the overall adult all-cause mortality over and above secular trends.
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| 422. |
- Stenius, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring “addiction” in Europe : the diffusion of the Addiction Severity Index, and its purposes and functions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 105-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses what an instrument like the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) offers to various actors in the diverse addiction treatment systems of Europe and what the use of the ASI means and implies at the treatment system level. It is concluded that the adoption of the ASI can be linked to a number of factors, including the demands for cost-efficiency, scientific legitimacy of addiction treatment, professionalization, internationalism, and unification of a diverse system. Furthermore, it considers the specific choices embedded in the structure and content of the ASI--how the use of the ASI structures the user's view of the situation and life-trajectory of the individual client. Features such as the length of the interview, the time frames of the question, the exclusion of measures of dependence and alcohol-/drug-attributable problems and the inclusion of client's rating, are discussed. It is concluded that the opinions about the usefulness of the ASI in Europe vary. For the future of measurement of alcohol and drug problems in Europe, for system monitoring and international comparisons, shorter instruments seem to be the likely path forward. The article draws to a large extent on the papers presented at a conference, "Measuring 'addiction' in Europe: clinical, sociological, cultural and policy aspects of Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and other international instruments", at Skarpö, Sweden, in January 2003.
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| 423. |
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| 424. |
- Stoduto, G., et al.
(författare)
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Self-induced iuntoxication as a defence
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sober Reflections. - Montreal and Kingston : McGill-Queen's University Press. - 0773528644 ; , s. 265-288
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 425. |
- Storbjörk, Jessica, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The new suit of the Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD) : A well-tailored costume for tackling research and challenges ahead
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 37:6, s. 592-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview reviews the establishment and evolution of the Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD). It outlines its current organization and updated research direction, and discusses SoRAD’s future challenges and opportunities. SoRAD was established at Stockholm University to strengthen and support Swedish social science research on alcohol and drugs. It became active in 1999, and quickly grew in research efforts and reputation, while experiencing setbacks around 2006 and 2017. In 2018 SoRAD merged with the Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), to form a new Department of Public Health Sciences. In its new suit, SoRAD acts as a research centre within the teaching department. The research activities on alcohol and other drugs and gambling behaviour and problems may be categorized into four main areas: Social epidemiology; Subcultures and social worlds of use and heavy use; Policy formation, implementation and societal responses; and Societal and other collective definitions of problems and solutions. The new arrangements, with an increased staff pool and close interplay with higher education, provides a more stable and long-term platform for achieving the main mission of promoting and developing social science research on addictive substances and behaviours and related problems.
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| 426. |
- Storbjörk, Jessica, 1977-
(författare)
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The social ecology of alcohol and drug treatment : Client experiences in context
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to study how individuals with alcohol and drug problems come to treatment – who is in treatment and who is not? It further studies the goal and role of treatment according to different groups – clients, staff and politicians. How can we understand clients’ experiences in a context?The main data is from the Women and men in Swedish alcohol and drug treatment-study, with a representative sample of clients as well as complementary data on the views of staff and the general population.The thesis comprises four related papers: (1) explores who is in treatment and who is not by analysing the client and the general population samples; (2) studies reasons for coming to treatment among clients by focussing on self-choice in relation to informal, formal, and legal social pressures to seek treatment; (3) investigates alcohol and drug related events among misusers and the role of these events in treatment entry, and in relation to level of marginalization of the clients; (4) analyses motives for and conflicts surrounding changes in the treatment system on an organizational level.The thesis reveals that clients in treatment are marginalized (regarding housing, work, family, etc.). At treatment entry, clients report self-choice as well as a range of pressures to seek treatment as reasons for coming. The events are influential in treatment seeking, especially events and pressures in relation to significant others. In addition, it is shown that changes in the treatment system are not only driven with the interests of the clients in mind. Professional struggles, economic cuts, and coincidences are of importance. It is shown that different actors have competing as well as compatible and matching views on the goals of treatment. Finally, some notable changes in the treatment system are discussed.
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| 427. |
- Storbjörk, Jessica, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The two worlds of alcohol problems : Who is in treatment and who is not?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Addiction Research and Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 16:1, s. 67-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study “Women and Men in Swedish Alcohol and Drug Treatment,” it is possible to compare alcohol consumption and problems among respondents in the general population with those in clients entering alcohol treatment. The differences between these groups have led researchers to talk about the “two worlds” of alcohol problems-in general and in clinical populations. The aim of this article is to study the relative strength of factors in predicting entering and the clinical population. The studied factors are demographics and marginalization; volume and frequency of drinking; alcohol dependence; social response to drinking (suggestions to cut down or seek treatment by informal actors, e.g. family and friends, and formal actors such as employer, the social services or judicial system); and treatment history. The client sample includes 1202 clients (71% men) interviewed face-to-face when entering inpatient and outpatient treatment facilities in Stockholm. In the general population survey, 3557 persons aged 18-75 years were interviewed. The two samples differ significantly. As expected, clients were older, more marginalized and reported more severe alcohol problems, and many reported previous treatment experiences and social responses. Logistic regression analyses show that previous treatment, unemployment/institutionalization and having an unstable living situation are the strongest predictors of who is in treatment, followed by age, alcohol dependence and frequency of drinking. Formal pressures to cut down or seek treatment are also important and males are more likely to be in treatment. The results support a notion of the treatment system as a place for handling marginalized people, beyond and beside their extent of drinking.
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| 428. |
- Sulkunen, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Setting Limits : Gambling, Science and Public Policy
- 2018
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- With a focus on evidence from social, economic, epidemiological, and policy research, the scientific basis of the evidence is reviewed in a way that informs policymakers from a solid groundwork of data.An international focus provides the reader with a global view of the emerging epidemic of gambling problems.
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| 429. |
- Sulkunen, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Setting Limits : Gambling, Science and Public Policy—summary of results
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:1, s. 32-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gambling industry has grown into a global business in the 21st century. This has created the need for a new emphasis on problem prevention. This article highlights the core themes of the book Setting Limits: Gambling, Science and Public Policy, taking a broad view of the consequences of gambling for society as a burden on health, well-being and equality. The book covers the extent of gambling and gambling-related problems in different societies and presents a critical review of research on industry practices, policy objectives and preventive approaches, including services to people suffering from gambling and its consequences. It discusses the developments in game characteristics and gambling environments and provides evidence on how regulation can affect those. Effective measures to minimize gambling harm exist and many are well supported by scientific evidence. They include restrictions on general availability as well as selective measures to prevent gamblers from overspending. The revenue generated from gambling for the industry, governments, and providers of public services funded from gambling returns presents an obstacle to developing policies to implement harm-reduction measures. A public interest approach must weigh these interests against the suffering and losses of the victims of gambling.
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| 430. |
- Sundin, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Are differences in population prevalence of alcohol's harm to others related to survey administration mode?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 37:3, s. 375-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. This study assessed the comparability of estimates of alcohol's harm to others across different administration modes in Swedish general population surveys. Harm was categorised as harm from strangers' drinking and harm from heavy drinkers known to the respondent. Design and Methods. Three surveys were conducted in 2011/2012 (n=6841), including identical questions. One was based on self-administered postal or Web questionnaires, and two were based on computer-assisted telephone interviews of which one included a more ambitious procedure in terms of for example monetary incentives to the respondents. Pearson (2)-tests were used to compare differences in the prevalence of harm. To estimate potential effects of survey mode, the samples were pooled, and multivariate Poisson regression models with mode as explanatory variable were used, adjusting for socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Results. Respondents in the two computer-assisted telephone interviews were more likely to report harm from strangers' drinking compared with respondents in the self-administered postal or Web questionnaires. However, no significant differences were found between survey modes concerning reports of harm from known people's drinking. Discussion and Conclusions. A survey mode based on interviews seems to facilitate reports of harm from strangers' drinking. This does not apply to reports of harm from known people's drinking. Therefore, the comparability of estimates of alcohol's harm to others between survey modes depends on the type of harm being studied.
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