| 61. |
- Parks, Allison, et al.
(författare)
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A self-report measure of perfectionism : A confirmatory factor analysis of the Swedish version of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology in Europe. - : Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). - 2625-3410. ; 3:4, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfectionism is often defined as the strive for achievement and high standards, but can also lead to negative consequences. In addition to affecting performance and interpersonal relationships, perfectionism can result in mental distress. A number of different self-report measures have been put forward to assess perfectionism. Specifically intended for clinical practice and research, the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) was developed and is presently available in English and Persian. To promote its use in additional contexts, the current study has translated and investigated the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the CPQ.Method: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to examine the best fit with data, using a priori-models and a sample of treatment-seeking participants screened for eligibility to receive Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (n = 223).Results: The results indicated a lack of fit with data. A two-factor structure without the two reversed items (2 and 8) exhibited the best fit, perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, but still had poor structural validity. Correlations with self-report measures of perfectionism, depression, anxiety, dysfunctional beliefs, self-criticism, quality of life, and self-compassion were all in the expected directions. Eight-week test-retest correlation was Pearson r = .62, 95% Confidence Interval [.45, .74], using data from 72 participants in the wait-list control, and the internal consistency for the CPQ, once removing the reversely scored items, was Cronbach’s α = .72.Conclusion: The CPQ can be used as a self-report measure in Swedish, but further research on its structural validity is needed.
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| 62. |
- Penington, Ed, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of therapist-assisted internet-delivered psychological therapies for PTSD differing in trauma focus in England : an economic evaluation based on the STOP-PTSD trial.
- 2024
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Ingår i: The lancet. Psychiatry. - 2215-0374. ; 11:5, s. 339-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although there are effective psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), they remain inaccessible for many people. Digitally enabled therapy is a way to overcome this problem; however, there is little evidence on which forms of these therapies are most cost effective in PTSD. We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the STOP-PTSD trial, which evaluated two therapist-assisted, internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapies: cognitive therapy for PTSD (iCT-PTSD) and a programme focusing on stress management (iStress-PTSD).METHODS: In this health economic evaluation, we used data from the STOP-PTSD trial (n=217), a single-blind, randomised controlled trial, to compare iCT-PTSD and iStress-PTSD in terms of resource use and health outcomes. In the trial, participants (aged ≥18 years) who met DSM-5 criteria for PTSD were recruited from primary care therapy services in South East England. The interventions were delivered online with therapist support for the first 12 weeks, and three telephone calls over the next 3 months. Participants completed questionnaires on symptoms, wellbeing, quality of life, and resource use at baseline, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, and 39 weeks after randomisation. We used a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) at 39 weeks post-randomisation, from the perspective of the English National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services and on the basis of intention-to-treat for complete cases. Treatment modules and the platform design were developed with extensive input from service users: service users also advised on the trial protocol and methods, including the health economic measures. This is a pre-planned analysis of the STOP-PTSD trial; the trial was registered prospectively on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN16806208).FINDINGS: NHS costs were similar across treatment groups, but clinical outcomes were superior for iCT-PTSD compared with iStress-PTSD. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for NHS costs and personal social services was estimated as £1921 per QALY. iCT-PTSD had an estimated 91·6% chance of being cost effective at the £20 000 per QALY threshold. From the societal perspective, iCT-PTSD was cost saving compared with iStress-PTSD.INTERPRETATION: iCT-PTSD is a cost-effective form of therapist-assisted, internet-delivered psychological therapy relative to iStress-PTSD, and it could be considered for clinical implementation.FUNDING: Wellcome Trust and National Institute of Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre.
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| 63. |
- Rafi, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a workplace prevention program for problem gambling : A cluster-randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Issues. - : Concurrent Disorders Society Press. - 1910-7595. ; 50, s. 73-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: This study evaluated whether a preventive intervention program for problem gambling would increase managers’ inclination to act when concerned about gambling in the workplace. Design: Cluster- randomized controlled trial. Ten workplaces were randomized to either intervention or control condition. Participants: At the 12-month endpoint, there were n = 136 managers and n = 1594 subordinates in the intervention group, and n = 137 managers and n = 1150 subordinates in the waitlist group. Intervention: The intervention consisted of (1) six hours of skill-development training for managers regarding gambling, problem gambling, gaming, and harmful use of psychoactive drugs, and (2) six to eight hours of assistance in developing or improving workplace gambling policy. Measurements: The primary outcome was the managers’ self-rated (on a 1 to 10 scale) inclination to act when concerned about an employee’s problem gambling 12 months after baseline. Findings: The between-group difference in the managers’ inclination for the full intervention group (M = 8) and the control group (M = 7.4) was not significant at the 12-month follow-up, but it was when only including managers who attended the skill- development training (M = 8.2), d = 0.31, p = .04. Conclusion: A workplace prevention program aimed to increase managers’ inclination to act when they are concerned regarding an employee’s gambling resulted in statistically significant changes for those who attended training, but not for the whole intervention group when non-attendees were included.
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| 64. |
- Rafi, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a workplace prevention program for problem gambling : A cluster-randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Issues. - : Concurrent Disorders Society Press. - 1910-7595. ; :50, s. 73-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: This study evaluated whether a preventive intervention program for problem gambling would increase managers' inclination to act when concerned about gambling in the workplace.Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial. Ten workplaces were randomized to either intervention or control condition.Participants: At the 12-month endpoint, there were n = 136 managers and n = 1594 subordinates in the intervention group, and n = 137 managers and n = 1150 subordinates in the waitlist group.Intervention: The intervention consisted of (1) six hours of skill-development training for managers regarding gambling, problem gambling, gaming, and harmful use of psychoactive drugs, and (2) six to eight hours of assistance in developing or improving workplace gambling policy.Measurements: The primary outcome was the managers' self-rated (on a 1 to 10 scale) inclination to act when concerned about an employee's problem gambling 12 months after baseline.Findings: The between -group difference in the managers' inclination for the full intervention group (M = 8) and the control group (M = 7.4) was not significant at the 12-month follow-up, but it was when only including managers who attended the skill development training (M = 8.2), d = 0.31, p = .04.Conclusion: A workplace prevention program aimed to increase managers' inclination to act when they are concerned regarding an employee's gambling resulted in statistically significant changes for those who attended training, but not for the whole intervention group when non-attendees were included.
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| 65. |
- Rafi, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a workplace prevention programme for problem gambling : Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Despite being considered a public health problem, no prevention programme for problem gambling in workplace settings has been scientifically evaluated. This study aims to fill a critical gap in the field of problem gambling by implementing and evaluating a large-scale prevention programme in organisations.Methods and analysis: Ten organisations, with a total of n=549 managers and n=8572 employees, will be randomised to either receiving a prevention programme or to a waitlist control condition. Measurements will be collected at the baseline and 3, 12 and 24 months after intervention. The primary outcome of interest is the managers’ inclination to act when worried or suspicious about an employee’s problem gambling or other harmful use. Additional outcomes of interest include the Problem Gambling Severity Index and gambling habits in both managers and employees. Furthermore, qualitative analyses of the responses from semistructured interviews with managers will be performed.Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the regional ethics board of Stockholm, Sweden, and it will contribute to the body of knowledge concerning prevention of problem gambling. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed, open-access journals.Trial registration number: NCT02925286; Pre-results.
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| 66. |
- Rafi, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Participants' Experiences of a Workplace-Oriented Problem Gambling Prevention Program for Managers and HR Officers : A Qualitative Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) refer to a set of health promotion and protection strategies implemented at a worksite and designed to meet the health and safety needs of employees. One important question for WHPPs is how middle management experience their participation in a WHPP. This study aims to explore this question further by applying a qualitative content analysis to interviews with thirteen managers and ten human resource officers participating in a WHPP focusing on problem gambling. The WHPP consisted of two components: policy implementation and skills-development training. The participants were interviewed about their experiences of these two components and the implementation process. The qualitative content analysis resulted in six themes: (1) Expectations of the skills-development training, (2) Experiences of and prior beliefs about problem gambling, (3) A good foundation, (4) The difficult conversation, (5) Appreciated aspects of the training sessions, and (6) Remaining obstacles. The results suggest that the presentation of cases, facts, and general knowledge was appreciated by most participants. However, participants also expressed that they would benefit from tailored interventions, more support in the policy implementation process, and following up on the results.
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| 67. |
- Reinebo, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Psychological Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : Springer. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 54:2, s. 347-373
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPsychological interventions are commonly applied in sports to help athletes enhance their performance, but the effect psychological interventions have on actual performance is unclear despite decades of research.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review with meta-analyses to investigate the effects of a wide range of psychological interventions on performance in competitive athletes.MethodsA study protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO, and a literary search was performed in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases. Psychological intervention studies were eligible by using a group design and a quantitative performance outcome with athletes competing at a regional or university level or higher. Included studies were assessed regarding intervention characteristics, research methodology, and risk of bias. A multi-level meta-analysis framework with cluster robust variance estimation was used to quantitatively synthesize the results.ResultsA total of 111 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 25 of these studies (37 effects) could be synthesized into five meta-analyses in which there were similarities in the type of psychological intervention, comparator, and experimental design. Meta-analyses I (multimodal psychological skills training vs control), II (mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches vs control), and III (imagery vs control) consisted of parallel-group studies, and random-effects models were used to calculate the standardized mean difference. Meta-analyses IV (attentional focus strategies, external vs internal) and V (regulatory focus performance instructions, prevention vs promotion) consisted of counterbalanced crossover design studies, and random-effects models were used to calculate the standardized mean change using change score standardization. Significant results were found in three of the meta-analyses (I, II, and III). Psychological skills training (g = 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.21–1.45), mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches (g = 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.01–1.32), and imagery (g = 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.14–1.36) outperformed controls with moderate effects. However, when non-randomized trials and subjective performance outcomes were removed in sensitivity analyses, the overall estimates of the effect size were no longer significant in any of the syntheses.ConclusionsThe significant moderate effects for psychological skills training, mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches, and imagery are not stable, and further trials with robust research methodology, such as randomized controlled trials, are requested for all types of psychological interventions aiming to enhance performance in athletes. Moreover, improved reporting standards and the provision of datasets in open science repositories are important to consider in future trials in sport psychology.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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A psychometric evaluation of the Swedish translation of the Perceived Stress Scale: a Rasch analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-244X. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stress reflects physical and psychological reactions to imposing demands and is often measured using self-reports. A widely-used instrument is the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), intended to capture more general aspects of stress. A Swedish translation of the PSS is available but has not previously been examined using modern test theory approaches. The aim of the current study is to apply Rasch analysis to further the understanding of the PSS’ measurement properties, and, in turn, improve its utility in different settings.Methods: Data from 793 university students was used to investigate the dimensionality of different version of the PSS (14, 10, and 4 items) as well as potential response patterns among the participants.Results: The current study demonstrates that the PSS-14 has two separate factors, divided between negatively worded items (perceived stress) and positively worded items (perceived [lack of] control), although with only the negative subscale exhibiting good reliability. Response patterns were analyzed using Differential Item Functioning, which did not find an influence of gender on any of the items, but for age regarding the positive subscale (items 6 and 9). The PSS-10 also demonstrated adequate reliability for the negative subscale, but the PSS-4 was not deemed suitable as a unidimensional scale.Conclusions: Based on the results, none of the versions of the PSS should be used by sum-scoring all of the items. Only the negative items from the PSS-14 or PSS-10 can be used as unidimensional scales to measure general aspects of stress. As for different response patterns, gender may nevertheless be important to consider, as prior research has found differences on several items. Meanwhile, content validity is discussed, questioning the relevance of anger and being upset when measuring more general aspects of stress. Finally, a table to convert the PSS-7 (i.e., negative items) ordinal sum scores to interval level scores is provided.
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| 70. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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CBT 50 eller 52, vi firar ändå!
- 2023
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Ingår i: Beteendeterapeutiska Föreningens årskongress 2023.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beteendeterapeutiska föreningens vetenskapliga tidskrift, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, fyller 50 år. Eller är det 52 år? Oavsett vilket är det på sin plats att fira en högst vital källa till kunskap inom kognitiv beteendeterapi.Den nya chefredaktören Alexander Rozental och den tidigare chefredaktören Per Carlbring gör några nedslag i åren som har gått och försöker med publikens hjälp spana efter framtida trender.
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