| 51. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Depressive symptoms and anger and aggression in Russian adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1753-2000. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research among adolescents exploring the association between depressive symptoms and aggression has produced inconsistent findings. This study investigated the prevalence of clinically significant (current major depressive episode) and subthreshold depressive symptoms in a general population sample of adolescents from Northern Russia and explored their association with aggression and anger, while controlling for comorbid mental health problems. The sample consisted of 2600 participants, aged 13-17 years (59.5% female; 95.7% ethnic Russian). Symptoms of a current major depressive episode, types of anger and aggression (anger rumination, trait anger, physical, verbal and social aggression) and comorbid problems (posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, anxiety, and hyperactivity/impulsivity) were assessed by means of self-reports. The prevalence of a clinically significant depressive episode in the past month was 3.5%, while for subthreshold depression it was 21.6%. All anger and aggression variables, as well as comorbid problems increased together with increasing levels of depression. The association between overt aggressive behavior and depression was primarily explained by comorbid mental health problems, whereas anger rumination and social aggression had more direct associations with depression, independent of comorbidity. Among adolescents with depression, boys reported higher levels of social and verbal aggression and of anger rumination than girls. The results of this study suggest that interventions aiming to reduce aggressive behavior in adolescents should consider depression and its comorbid conditions.
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| 52. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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Depressive symptoms and associated psychopathology in urban adolescents : a cross-cultural study of three countries.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 194:2, s. 106-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to compare cross-cultural trends of comorbid internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, prosocial beliefs, and perceptions of risk in adolescents with and without clinical levels of self-reported depressive symptoms. The Social and Health Assessment, a self-report survey, was conducted in a representative sample of 3309 adolescents 14 to 17 years old from urban communities in the United States (N = 1343), Belgium (N = 946), and Russia (N = 1009). In all three countries, girls reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than boys. The findings also demonstrate that in both genders, depressive symptoms were associated with increased levels of internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as lower levels of prosocial beliefs and low perceptions of harm from risk-taking behavior. Depressed boys had relatively higher levels of externalizing problems than depressed girls. Greater levels of internalizing problems observed in depressed youth, as compared with their nondepressed counterparts, were not gender-specific. Current findings suggest that the relationships between depression and comorbid psychopathology are not culture-specific and have similar patterns in different populations.
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| 53. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental pathway modeling in considering behavior problems in young Russian children.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 39:1, s. 49-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In planning interventions it is essential to understand how adverse risk factors in early childhood are associated with child mental health problems, whether some types of problems can be better explained by the specific risk factors, and whether early risk factors are differently related to different types of child behavior problems. A community sample of 692 1.5-3.5-year-old children from Northern Russia was assessed by means of maternal reports. The study compared two models for the development of internalizing (withdrawn, anxious/depressed) and externalizing (aggressive, destructive) behavior problems in relation to the same early risk factors using structural equation modeling. Findings suggested that the development of these problems is related to maternal psychological problems and alcohol use during pregnancy, and mediated by the continuing maternal and family dysfunction and compromised postnatal condition of the child. Results indicated good model fit for both internalizing and externalizing problems, and neither of the models fit significantly better than the other. Findings are discussed in terms of understanding developmental risk and informing intervention and prevention efforts.
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| 54. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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Is posttraumatic stress in youth a culture-bound phenomenon? A comparison of symptom trends in selected U.S. and Russian communities.
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 162:3, s. 538-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The cross-cultural applicability of the concept of posttraumatic stress was investigated by assessing symptom frequency and levels of comorbid psychopathology in adolescents from the United States and Russia.METHOD: A self-report survey was conducted in representative samples of 2,157 adolescents 14 to 17 years old from urban communities of the United States (N=1,212) and Russia (N=945).RESULTS: In both countries, the levels of all three major clusters of posttraumatic symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal), as well as of internalizing psychopathology, increased along with the level of posttraumatic stress. Expectations about the future had a tendency to decrease with increasing posttraumatic stress. No differences between countries in significant interaction effects for symptom levels were found.CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that posttraumatic symptoms and their associations with other adolescent mental health problems are not culture bound and that the psychological consequences of trauma follow similar dynamics cross-culturally.
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| 55. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal Associations Between Community Violence Exposure and Mental Health Problems in Inner-City Youth : Ethnicity and Gender Perspectives.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 38:13-14, s. 8619-8644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of agreement on whether children and adolescents with different cultural/ethnic backgrounds react to trauma in a similar fashion. This study adds to the existing literature by providing ethnicity and gender perspectives on the longitudinal associations between the degree of community violence exposure (CVE) and mental health problems in U.S. inner-city youth. The study was conducted on a representative sample of predominantly ethnic minority youth (N = 2,794; 54.1% female; age 11-16 years old (M [SD] = 12.77 [1.29]); 60.0% African-American, 26.1% Hispanic American, 13.9% White). Self-reported information was obtained on CVE in year 1 and on mental health problems (depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, and conduct problems) in year 1 and year 2. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to compare mental health problems in youth from the three ethnic groups in relation to the different degrees of CVE experienced one year prior, while controlling for their baseline mental health problem levels, age, and socio-economic status. Mental health problems in year 2 increased in a similar fashion in relation to the degree of severity of CVE in year 1 in all three ethnic groups. The interaction effects suggested a gender-specific response to CVE, where girls in the three ethnic groups reported higher levels of depression and posttraumatic stress in relation to the same degree of CVE, as compared to boys. Adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds respond similarly to differing degrees of CVE with an increase in mental health problems over time. In response to a similar degree of exposure, girls tend to experience greater levels of internalizing problems than boys. Timely recognition of traumatic exposure and associated mental health problems is important for early prevention and intervention strategies.
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| 56. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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Memory training with the method of loci for children and adolescents with ADHD-A feasibility study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Child. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2162-2973 .- 2162-2965. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate if training with the memory technique Method of Loci (MoL) is feasible for children and adolescents with ADHD. Twelve children (aged 9-17 years) with ADHD participated. Training with MoL was done using a mobile application, memorizing a sequence of 20-80 pictures, intended to be carried out five times per week for 4 weeks. Feasibility was assessed with pre- and post-intervention ratings, and with interviews after the training. Qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis. Those who trained with MoL performed better on memory test and reported fewer ADHD symptoms after completing the training, as compared to their baseline levels. All of these children would recommend the training to peers but the duration of training varied considerably. The participants and their parents reported that the MoL training was easy and fun to use, although lack of motivation, distractions in every-day life, and lack of routines created challenges. We conclude that training with MoL was considered feasible by most of the participants. Future research should try to make the intervention more acceptable by motivating the participants and limiting potential distractions and involving larger study groups and controls to study the efficacy of the training.
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| 57. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathology and age at onset of conduct problems in juvenile delinquents.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. - 0160-6689 .- 1555-2101. ; 64:8, s. 913-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess psychopathology among incarcerated Russian juvenile delinquents in relation to the onset of conduct problems.METHOD: 358 male juvenile delinquents were interviewed from January to September 1999, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version. Early behavior problems, current antisocial behavior, and psychopathology were also assessed through self-reports. The presence of conduct disorder (CD) and other diagnoses was determined according to DSM-IV criteria.RESULTS: 73.2% of the incarcerated youths met criteria for CD. 23.5% of the total sample reported at least 1 criterion for CD being present before the age of 10 years. All participants from this early-onset group fulfilled the criteria for CD. This group also had significantly higher rates of psychopathology, and particularly of externalizing behaviors, as compared with youths whose conduct problems began at or after the age of 10 years.CONCLUSION: Poor psychosocial adaptation and future prognosis in juvenile delinquents with early-onset conduct problems may be related to their greater degree of psychiatric disturbance compared with later-onset delinquent youths. Need for psychiatric treatment should be carefully considered in prevention and rehabilitation efforts for troubled youths.
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| 58. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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SSRIs and the developing brain.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 365:9458, s. 451-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 59. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire : scale validation with Russian adolescents.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9762 .- 1097-4679. ; 63:9, s. 861-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed at confirming factor structure of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a general population of Russian adolescents. The SDQ and other psychopathology measures were administered to a representative sample of 13-18-year-old adolescents from Arkhangelsk, Russia (N = 2892). The original factor structure was examined on two randomly selected split-halves of the sample, using structural equation modeling techniques. The fit for all models was good, and when applying increasing constraints across the models, there was not a significant decrease in fit for the random split model. However, the factor loadings and, correspondingly, the scale reliabilities were low. The study concluded that although the Russian SDQ scales do conform reasonably well to a five-factor oblique model, the scales are unsatisfactory in other respects; in its present form, the Russian version of the instrument has inadequate psychometric characteristics. Future research is needed for further scale development.
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| 60. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire : Russian validation of the teacher version and comparison of teacher and student reports.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 35:1, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To confirm factor structure of the teacher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and to compare teacher and student reports in Russian youth.METHOD: The SDQ and psychopathology measures were completed by teachers in a representative sample of urban adolescents (N = 528). The factor structure was examined on two randomly selected split-halves of the sample, and using a gender split. The functional impairment score was predicted by the SDQ problem scales.RESULTS: The fit for all models was acceptable. The fit did not decrease when applying increasing constraints in the random-split model, but became significantly worse for the gender model, suggesting lack of measure invariance. SDQ problem scales explained 37% of functional impairment variance. Significant scale interaction (emotional problems*peer problems and conduct problems*hyperactivity) suggest that combination of these problems produces an additional impact on functioning.CONCLUSIONS: The SDQ teacher report may represent a potentially useful screener for children and youth.
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