| 21. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Miscarriages and stillbirths in women with a high intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 73:3, s. 204-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect, on miscarriages and stillbirths, of persistent organochlorine compounds (POC) through dietary intake of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea. METHODS: Information on miscarriages and stillbirths was collected retrospectively by a self-administered questionnaire in a cohort of fishermen's wives from the Swedish east coast (by the Baltic Sea) and in a referent cohort of west coast fishermen's wives. Current fish consumption was used as a proxy for exposure within the east coast cohort. RESULTS: No increase in miscarriages or stillbirths was found in the east coast cohort compared with the west coast group, in fact a decrease in early miscarriages was found (OR 0.48 [95% CI 0.26-0.92]). Moreover, no increase in risk was found for current high consumers of fatty fish within the east coast cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The present data provided no evidence that dietary POC exposure increases miscarriage and stillbirth rates.
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| 22. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Time to pregnancy and infertility among women with a high intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140. ; 26:3, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of persistent organochlorine compounds through the dietary intake of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea on human fertility. METHODS: Information on time to pregnancy, subfertility, and infertility was collected retrospectively by self-administered questionnaires in 2 cohorts of fishermen's wives from the Swedish east (by the Baltic Sea) and west coasts. In addition to cohort affiliation, current fish consumption and growing up in a fishing village were used as proxies for exposure within the eastcoast cohort. RESULTS: A decreased success (ie, pregnancy) rate and a tendency towards increased subfertility was found for heavy smokers (> or =10 cigarettes/day) in the eastcoast cohort as compared with the westcoast cohort [success rate ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.49-.89; subfertility odds ratio 1.64, 95% CI 0.91-2.91). However, internal analyses within the eastcoast cohort did not show that growing up in a fishing village or high current fish consumption decreased the success rate. Eastcoast cohort affiliation showed an increased risk for infertility (odds ratio 2.49, 95% CI 1.05-5.92). CONCLUSIONS: The present data give some support for a negative association between exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds and fertility among heavy smokers. However, when the proxy exposure measures are also considered, the findings are not consistent. Better individual exposure assessments should be used before more firm conclusions are drawn.
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| 23. |
- Bengtsson, A A, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for developing systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study in southern Sweden.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1460-2172. ; 41:5, s. 563-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors that have been suggested to be associated with the development of SLE. METHODS: A case-control study was performed and a questionnaire was developed to obtain the data. Consecutive female incident cases diagnosed between 1981 and 1999 in a defined geographical area in southern Sweden were included. Controls, matched for calendar year of birth, were selected randomly from the same area. In total, 85 cases and 205 controls agreed to participate. The questionnaire included questions about formal education, body weight and height, medical history, family history of autoimmune diseases, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, animals, hair-colouring dyes, alfalfa (lucerne) sprouts, smoking and alcohol habits, history of physical traumata, blood transfusion, silicone breast implants, exogenous oestrogens, other medication, and significant negative life events. RESULTS: Using a multivariate model, a history of hypertension [odds ratio (OR)=3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-9.8], drug allergy (OR=3.6, 95% CI 1.4-9.5), a type I/II sun-reactive skin type (OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.8) and a family history of SLE (OR=6.8, 95% CI 1.4-32) were all significantly associated with an increased risk of developing SLE, whereas consumption of alcohol was inversely associated with the risk of SLE (use of alcohol very seldom, OR=1.0; 1-150 g/month, OR=0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0; >150 g/month, OR=0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5). A suggested association with increased SLE risk was seen for smoking (OR=1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6) and blood transfusions (OR=2.3, 95% CI 0.9-5.8). Neither exposure to exogenous oestrogen nor exposure to hair-colouring dyes was associated with SLE. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors of both exogenous and endogenous origin were identified in this population-based series of SLE patients.
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| 24. |
- Birtele, Marcella, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell transcriptional and functional analysis of dopaminergic neurons in organoid-like cultures derived from human fetal midbrain
- 2022
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Ingår i: Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129. ; 149:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant efforts are ongoing to develop refined differentiation protocols to generate midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in disease modeling, diagnostics, drug screening, and cell-based therapies for Parkinson's Disease (PD). An increased understanding of the timing and molecular mechanisms promoting the generation of distinct subtypes of human midbrain DA during development will be essential for guiding future efforts to generate molecularly defined and subtype-specific DA neurons from PSCs. Here, we used droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing to transcriptionally profile the developing human ventral midbrain (VM) when the DA neurons are generated (6-11 weeks post-conception) and their subsequent differentiation into functional mature DA neurons in primary fetal 3D organoid-like cultures. This approach revealed that 3D cultures are superior to monolayer conditions for their ability to generate and maintain mature DA neurons; hence they have the potential to be used for studying human VM development. These results provide a unique transcriptional profile of the developing human fetal VM and functionally mature human DA neurons, which can be used to guide stem cell-based therapies and disease modeling approaches in PD.
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| 25. |
- Bonde, J. P. E., et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19-related hospital admission in spouses of partners in at-risk occupations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 49:3, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study aimed to quantify the risk of COVID-19-related hospital admission in spouses living with partners in at-risk occupations in Denmark during 2020-21.Methods Within a registry-based cohort of all Danish employees (N=2 451 542), we identified cohabiting couples, in which at least one member (spouse) held a job that according to a job exposure matrix entailed low risk of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (N=192 807 employees, 316 COVID-19 hospital admissions). Risk of COVID-19-related hospital admission in such spouses was assessed according to whether their partners were in jobs with low, intermediate or high risk for infection. Overall and sex-specific incidence rate ratios (IRR) of COVID-19-related hospital admission were computed by Poisson regression with adjustment for relevant covariates.Results The risk of COVID-19-related hospital admission was increased among spouses with partners in highrisk occupations [adjusted IRR (IRRadj)1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.2], but not intermediate-risk occupations (IRRadj 0.97 95% 0.8-1.3). IRR for having a partner in a high-risk job was elevated during the first three pandemic waves but not in the fourth (IRRadj 0.48 95% CI 0.2-1.5). Sex did not modify the risk of hospital admission.Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 transmission at the workplace may pose an increased risk of severe COVID-19 among spouses in low-risk jobs living with partners in high-risk jobs, which emphasizes the need for preventive measures at the workplace in future outbreaks of epidemic contagious disease. When available, effective vaccines seem essential.
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| 26. |
- Bonde, J. P. E., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide register-based study of the Danish workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2021
- 2023
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 80:4, s. 202-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveMost earlier studies on occupational risk of COVID-19 covering the entire workforce are based on relatively rare outcomes such as hospital admission and mortality. This study examines the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by occupational group based on real-time PCR (RT-PCR) tests. MethodsThe cohort includes 2.4 million Danish employees, 20-69 years of age. All data were retrieved from public registries. The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of first-occurring positive RT-PCR test from week 8 of 2020 to week 50 of 2021 were computed by Poisson regression for each four-digit Danish Version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations job code with more than 100 male and 100 female employees (n=205). Occupational groups with low risk of workplace infection according to a job exposure matrix constituted the reference group. Risk estimates were adjusted by demographic, social and health characteristics including household size, completed COVID-19 vaccination, pandemic wave and occupation-specific frequency of testing. ResultsIRRs of SARS-CoV-2 infection were elevated in seven healthcare occupations and 42 occupations in other sectors, mainly social work activities, residential care, education, defence and security, accommodation and transportation. No IRRs exceeded 2.0. The relative risk in healthcare, residential care and defence/security declined across pandemic waves. Decreased IRRs were observed in 12 occupations. DiscussionWe observed a modestly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees in numerous occupations, indicating a large potential for preventive actions. Cautious interpretation of observed risk in specific occupations is needed because of methodological issues inherent in analyses of RT-PCR test results and because of multiple statistical tests.
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| 27. |
- Cordova, R., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and changes in body weight in European adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 59, s. 2893-2904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can be formed in foods by the reaction of reducing sugars with proteins, and have been shown to induce insulin resistance and obesity in experimental studies. We examined the association between dietary AGEs intake and changes in body weight in adults over an average of 5 years of follow-up.Methods: A total of 255,170 participants aged 25–70 years were recruited in ten European countries (1992–2000) in the PANACEA study (Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of smoking, Eating out of home in relation to Anthropometry), a sub-cohort of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). Body weight was measured at recruitment and self-reported between 2 and 11 years later depending on the study center. A reference database for AGEs was used containing UPLC–MS/MS-measured Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML), Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)-lysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) in 200 common European foods. This reference database was matched to foods and decomposed recipes obtained from country-specific validated dietary questionnaires in EPIC and intake levels of CEL, CML, and MG-H1 were estimated. Associations between dietary AGEs intake and body weight change were estimated separately for each of the three AGEs using multilevel mixed linear regression models with center as random effect and dietary AGEs intake and relevant confounders as fixed effects.Results: A one-SD increment in CEL intake was associated with 0.111 kg (95% CI 0.087–0.135) additional weight gain over 5 years. The corresponding additional weight gain for CML and MG-H1 was 0.065 kg (0.041–0.089) and 0.034 kg (0.012, 0.057), respectively. The top six food groups contributing to AGEs intake, with varying proportions across the AGEs, were cereals/cereal products, meat/processed meat, cakes/biscuits, dairy, sugar and confectionary, and fish/shellfish.Conclusion: In this study of European adults, higher intakes of AGEs were associated with marginally greater weight gain over an average of 5 years of follow-up.
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