| 201. |
- Skröder, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to whole-body vibrations and pregnancy complications : a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 77:10, s. 691-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Pregnancy complications are common contributors to perinatal mortality and morbidity. Still, the cause(s) of gestational hypertensive disorders and diabetes are largely unknown. Some occupational exposures have been inconsistently associated with pregnancy complications, but exposure to whole-body vibrations (WBV) has been largely overlooked even though it has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, the aim was to assess whether occupational WBV exposure during pregnancy is associated with pregnancy complications in a nationwide, prospective cohort study.Methods: The Fetal Air Pollution Exposure cohort was formed by merging multiple Swedish, national registers containing information on occupation during pregnancy and diagnosis codes, and includes all working women who gave birth between 1994 and 2014 (n=1 091 044). WBV exposure was derived from a job-exposure matrix and was divided into categories (0, 0.1–0.2, 0.3–0.4 and ≥0.5 m/s2). ORs with 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.Results: Among women working full time (n=646 490), we found increased risks of all pregnancy complications in the highest exposure group (≥0.5 m/s2), compared with the lowest. The adjusted ORs were 1.76 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.20), 1.55 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.91) and 1.62 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.46) for preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes, respectively, and were similar in all sensitivity analyses. There were no clear associations for part-time workers.Conclusions: The results suggest that women should not be exposed to WBV at/above the action limit value of 0.5 m/s2 (European directive) continuously through pregnancy. However, these results need further confirmation.
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| 202. |
- Sonesson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Serum amyloid P component : A new biomarker for low sperm concentration?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Andrology. - : Medknow. - 1008-682X. ; 23:5, s. 450-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is present in seminal plasma, on spermatozoa, and in different tissues of the male reproductive tract, but its function is not known. The aims of this study were to determine if the concentration of SAP in seminal plasma is associated with commonly assessed semen parameters and to investigate if SAP could be a new, indirect biomarker for these parameters. In a cross-sectional study of 203 young volunteers, the concentration of SAP in seminal plasma was measured with a in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Scatter plots, Pearson's correlation coefficients (r), and linear regression models were produced, and SAP showed a statistically significant correlation with sperm concentration (r = 0.75), sperm number (r = 0.68), semen volume (r =-0.19), progressive sperm motility (r = 0.24), and sperm immotility (r =-0.20). When the study group was dichotomized, SAP could be used to discriminate samples with a sperm concentration or =5 × 106 ml-1, 15 × 106 ml-1, or 40 × 106 ml-1, and in receiver operating characteristic curves, the corresponding areas under the curves were 0.97, 0.93, and 0.82, respectively, with P 0.001 for all three cutoff values studied. The concentration of SAP in seminal plasma showed a strong, positive correlation with the concentration of spermatozoa in semen. SAP may be used as a new indirect potential biomarker for sperm concentration in fresh and in frozen, stored samples. In addition, it is envisaged that the assay could be developed into a home fertility test to differentiate between a low and a normal sperm concentration.
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| 203. |
- Stronati, A., et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm apoptotic markers and serum levels of CB-153 and p,p '-DDE in European and Inuit populations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Reproduction. - : Bioscientifica. - 1470-1626 .- 1741-7899. ; 132:6, s. 949-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are suspected to interfere with hormone activity and the normal homeostasis of spermatogenesis. We investigated the relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation, apoptotic markers identified on ejaculated spermatozoa and POP levels in the blood of 652 adult males (200 Inuits from Greenland, 166 Swedish, 134 Polish and 152 Ukrainian). Serum levels of 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153), as a proxy of the total POP burden, and of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE), as a proxy of the total DDT exposure were determined. Sperm DNA fragmentation was measured by using the TUNEL assay, whereas immunofluorescence methods were utilized for detecting proapoptotic (Fas) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-xL) markers. Both TUNEL assay and apoptotic markers were statistically differed across the four populations. No correlation between neither sperm DNA fragmentation nor apoptotic sperm parameters and the large variations in POPs exposure was observed for the separate study groups. However, considering the European populations taken together, we showed that both %TUNEL positivity and Bcl-xL were related to CB-153 serum levels, whereas our study failed to demonstrate any relations between DDE and %TUNEL positivity and apoptotic sperm biomarkers (Fas and Bcl-xL) in any region or overall regions. These results suggest that CB-153 and related chemicals might alter sperm DNA integrity and Bcl-xL levels in European adult males, but not in the highly exposed Inuit men. Additional issues (genetic background, lifestyle habits and characterization of total xeno-hormonal activities) need to he investigated in order to fully assess the population variations observed.
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| 204. |
- Ståhl, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Birth Abnormalities in the Offspring of Men With a History of Cancer: A Cohort Study Using Danish and Swedish National Registries.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 103, s. 398-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The potential mutagenic effects of cancer therapies and the growing number of young male cancer survivors have given rise to concern about the health of their offspring. Methods We identified all singleton children born alive in Denmark between 1994 and 2004 and in Sweden between 1994 and 2005 (n = 1 777 765). Of the 8670 children with a paternal history of cancer, 8162 were conceived naturally and 508 were conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) (in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmatic sperm injection). Of the 1 769 0795 children without a paternal history of cancer, 25 926 were conceived using ARTs. Associations between paternal history of cancer and risk of adverse birth outcomes of children conceived naturally or by ARTs were investigated using log-linear binomial models, yielding risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results The offspring of male cancer survivors were more likely to have major congenital abnormalities than the offspring of fathers with no history of cancer (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.31, P = .0043, 3.7% vs 3.2%). However, the mode of conception (natural conception or ARTs) did not modify the association between paternal history of cancer and risk of congenital abnormalities (natural conception, RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.31; ARTs, RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.87, P(interaction) = .84). Conclusion We observed a statistically significant but modest increase in the risk of major congenital abnormalities among offspring of males with a history of cancer, independent of the mode of conception.
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| 205. |
- Söderlind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens platsbyggande : En förstudie
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten är en förstudie om det framtida platsbyggandet och belyser de produktionsförutsättningar som gör att mänskliga och maskinella resurser utnyttjas bättre än idag. Fokus är såväl på ny teknik och nya metoder som samverkan, ICT och arbetsorganisation. Resultaten bygger på litteraturstudier samt intervjuer med företrädare för byggsektorn.I rapporten beskrivs också byggandet i ett historiskt utvecklingsperspektiv för att på så sätt sätta in visionerna i sitt rätta sammanhang.
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| 206. |
- Thacher, Jesse D, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to Paracetamol in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Cerebral Palsy : A Case-Control Study Using Serum Samples
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - 1097-6833.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether maternal paracetamol use in early pregnancy is associated with cerebral palsy (CP) in offspring.STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a registry and biobank-based case-control study with mother-child pairs. We identified CP cases (n=322) born between 1995-2014 from a nationwide CP-registry. Randomly selected controls (n=343) and extra preterm controls (n=258) were obtained from a birth registry. For each mother, a single serum sample from early pregnancy (gestation weeks 10-14) was retrieved from a biobank and analyzed for serum concentrations of paracetamol, categorized into unexposed (<1 ng/ml), mildly exposed (1-100 ng/ml), and highly exposed (>100 ng/ml), and in quartiles. Analyses were performed using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders. Separate analyses were conducted including only those children born preterm and only those born term.RESULTS: Of the 923 participants, 36.8% were unexposed, 53.2% mildly exposed, and 10% highly exposed to paracetamol. Overall, prenatal exposure to paracetamol was not associated with CP. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed no clear associations between paracetamol and CP across strata of term/preterm birth as well as subtypes of CP.CONCLUSIONS: The present study does not support an association between intrauterine exposure to paracetamol in early pregnancy and the risk of CP. However, it is important to stress that the exposure estimate is based on a single serum sample.
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| 207. |
- Thacher, Jesse D., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on births and induced abortions in Southern Sweden : A register-based study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2515-1991 .- 2515-2009. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pandemics are linked with declining birth rates, but little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced childbearing decisions. We aimed to investigate the associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and reproductive decisions, specifically to identify potential changes in the frequency of deliveries and induced abortions in Skåne, Sweden. Methods: Using the Skåne Healthcare Register, we identified women aged 15-45 years who had at least one pregnancy-related care visit registered between 1 January 2013 and 11 November 11 2021. Deliveries and induced abortions were identified, and changes in weekly delivery and abortion counts were assessed using an interrupted time series design. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from a Poisson regression model. Results: During the study period we identified 129 131 deliveries and 38 591 abortions. Compared with the counterfactual (exposed interval assuming COVID-19 had not occurred), pandemic exposure was associated with fewer deliveries (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98). For abortions, pandemic exposure appeared to be associated with fewer abortions (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00); however, age-related differences were found. Among women aged 25 years and over, pandemic exposure was more strongly associated with fewer abortions. Contrastingly, among women aged under 25 years, abortions appeared to increase. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to have contributed to a decline in births in Southern Sweden. During the same period, abortions declined in women in the older age range, but contrastingly increased among younger women.
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| 208. |
- Tiido, Tarmo, et al.
(författare)
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Modifying effect of the AR gene trinucleotide repeats and SNPs in the AHR and AHRR genes on the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure and human sperm Y : X ratio
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2407. ; 13:4, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent organohalogen pollutants (POPs) have been suggested to be involved in changing the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing sperm. The androgen receptor (AR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) may modulate the effect of POPs with regard to previously observed sperm Y : X ratio changes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether sperm Y : X ratio changes in subjects exposed to 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) were modified by polymorphisms in the AR, AHR and AHRR genes. Semen for analysis of Y- and X-bearing sperm by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization and blood for leukocyte DNA genotyping and analysis of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE concentrations were obtained from 195 Swedish fishermen. The polymorphic CAG and GGN repeats in the AR and the R554K and P185A single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the AHR and AHRR genes, respectively, were determined by direct sequencing and allele-specific PCR. The effect of p,p'-DDE was modified by CAG or GGN repeat category in relation to the proportion of Y-bearing sperm (P = 0.005 and 0.02 for CAG and GGN, respectively). Moreover, p,p'-DDE, but not CB-153, levels were associated with Y-sperm proportion in men with CAG < 22 (P < 0.001), but not in those carrying CAG >= 22 (P = 0.73). This association was even more pronounced in subjects carrying a short CAG repeat in combination with an AHRR G-allele. The association in regard to p,p'-DDE was found for GGN = 23 but not for the GGN < 23 or GGN > 23 subgroups (P = 0.01, 0.44 and 0.99, respectively). In conclusion The endocrine-disrupting action of POPs, in relation to the observed changes in sperm Y : X ratio, may be modulated by the genes involved in sex steroid and dioxin-mediated pathways.
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| 209. |
- Toft, G., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to perfluorinated compounds and human semen quality in arctic and European populations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 27:8, s. 2532-2540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been suspected to adversely affect human reproductive health. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between PFC exposure and male semen quality. PFCs were measured in serum from 588 partners of pregnant women from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine who provided a semen sample, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) could be detected in 97 of the samples. The associations between levels of these compounds and semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility and morphology were assessed. Across countries, sperm concentration, total sperm count and semen volume were not consistently associated with PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS or PFNA levels. The proportion of morphologically normal cells was 35 lower [95 confidence interval (CI): 466) for the third tertile of PFOS exposure as compared with the first. A similar reduction was found in relation to increasing PFHxS levels. At the third PFOA exposure tertile, the percentage of motile spermatozoa was 19 (95 CI: 1 to 39) higher than in the first. The most robust finding in the present study was the negative associations between PFOS exposure and sperm morphology suggesting adverse effects of PFOS on semen quality, possibly due to interference with the endocrine activity or sperm membrane function. It cannot be excluded that this association and the positive association between PFOA and semen motility, which was not consistent across countries, might represent a chance finding due to the multiple statistical tests being performed.
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| 210. |
- Toft, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Male Reproductive Function in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1708 .- 0890-6238. ; 43, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal and a few human studies suggest that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may affect male reproductive function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if male reproductive function was associated with serum level of PBDEs. We evaluated, in a cross-sectional study, the effects of environmental exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-153 on reproductive hormones and semen quality, including markers of DNA damage and apoptosis, in 299 spouses of pregnant women from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. Adjusted linear regression models indicated no strong associations between BDE-47 or BDE-153 exposure and markers of male semen quality or reproductive hormones. In the largest study to date we demonstrate that BDE-47 and BDE-153 exposure was not associated with altered semen characteristics or reproductive hormones, indicating that male reproductive function is not affected by the exposure level of these compounds in fertile European or Arctic populations.
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