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- Molnár, Peter, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range transport clusters and positive matrix factorization source apportionment for investigating transboundary PM2.5 in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 19:10, s. 1270-1277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Source apportionment studies of particulate matter are common and have been performed either as source region analyses using air mass back trajectories or by source type using source apportionment techniques. By combining the two approaches, it is possible to estimate the relative importance of emitters in different regions. PM2.5 samples were collected in Gothenburg between September 2008 and September 2009. The mean daily PM2.5 level was 6.1 mu g m(-3) (range 0.79-30.91 mu g m(-3)). Elemental analyses were done using Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. Source apportionment was carried out using the US EPA PMF 5.0 software. The sources long-range transport (LRT), LRT-Pb (lead-containing LRT), ship emissions, combustion, marine, and resuspension were identified. Air mass trajectories were estimated using HYSPLIT model (version 4.9). Six transport clusters were identified: South Scandinavia 21%, North Scandinavia 11%, Baltic Sea 8%, Eastern Europe 6%, UK/North Sea/Denmark 25%, and North Atlantic Ocean 30%. LRT was the major contributor to PM2.5 levels across all six transport clusters (48%) followed by ship emissions (20%) and combustion (19%). The transport cluster associated with the highest PM2.5 levels was Eastern Europe followed by South Scandinavia, UK/North Sea/Denmark, and Baltic Sea. After considering the frequency of the transport clusters, the transport clusters associated with the highest PM2.5 levels were UK-NorthS-DK, S-Scandic, and N-Atlantic, while Eastern Europe only contributed 9% towards PM2.5 levels. Abatement strategies aimed at reductions of ship emissions, industry emissions, and road traffic emissions on an European level and local combustion sources on a city-scale level would be the two most effective directions for reducing ambient PM2.5 in Gothenburg.
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- Mzezewa, S, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective double blind randomized study comparing the need for blood transfusion with terlipressin or a placebo during early excision and grafting of burns
- 2004
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179. ; 30:3, s. 236-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Early excision and skin grafting has become the standard of good burn management, but it is associated with major blood loss. Aim: To determine the haemostatic effect of terlipressin compared with placebo. Material and methods: Fifty-one patients with bums of 10-20% total body surface area had early excision and split skin grafting of deep burns. The surface area of the bum wound and of the heated graft were measured by planimetry. The patients were randomly allocated to medication, either terlipressin or placebo. Blood loss and number of transfused units of blood were recorded. Results: Twenty-one patients received terlipressin, 13 received terlipressin late (cross-over) and 17 received placebo. Six out of 21 patients exposed to terlipressin were transfused with eleven units of packed red blood cells. Seven out of 13 patients crossed over from placebo to terlipressin (late terlipressin) were transfused with 17 units of blood. Eight out of 17 patients exposed to the placebo were transfused with 22 units of blood (P < 0.05). Graft healing was 1055 +/- 609 cm(2) out of 1452 +/- 1811 cm(2) in terlipressin and 914 +/- 633 cm(2) out of 1288 720 cm 2 in the placebo group (n.s.). Conclusion: Terlipressin reduced the need for blood transfusion by a factor of 2.5 compared to a placebo without impairment of graft healing.
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