| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Darsalia, V., et al.
(författare)
-
Exendin-4 Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury in Normal and Aged Type 2 Diabetic Mice and Promotes Microglial M2 Polarization
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exendin-4 is a glucagon-like receptor 1 agonist clinically used against type 2 diabetes that has also shown neuroprotective effects in experimental stroke models. However, while the neuroprotective efficacy of Exendin-4 has been thoroughly investigated if the pharmacological treatment starts before stroke, the therapeutic potential of the Exendin-4 if the treatment starts acutely after stroke has not been clearly determined. Further, a comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy in normal and aged diabetic mice has not been performed. Finally, the cellular mechanisms behind the efficacy of Exendin-4 have been only partially studied. The main objective of this study was to determine the neuroprotective efficacy of Exendin4 in normal and aged type 2 diabetic mice if the treatment started after stroke in a clinically relevant setting. Furthermore we characterized the Exendin-4 effects on stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Two-month-old healthy and 14-month-old type 2 diabetic/obese mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. 5 or 50 mg/kg Exendin-4 was administered intraperitoneally at 1.5, 3 or 4.5 hours thereafter. The treatment was continued (0.2 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. The neuroprotective efficacy was assessed by stroke volume measurement and stereological counting of NeuN-positive neurons. Neuroinflammation was determined by gene expression analysis of M1/M2 microglia subtypes and proinflammatory cytokines. We show neuroprotective efficacy of 50 mg/kg Exendin-4 at 1.5 and 3 hours after stroke in both young healthy and aged diabetic/obese mice. The 5 mu g/kg dose was neuroprotective at 1.5 hour only. Proinflammatory markers and M1 phenotype were not impacted by Exendin-4 treatment while M2 markers were significantly up regulated. Our results support the use of Exendin-4 to reduce stroke-damage in the prehospital/early hospitalization setting irrespectively of age/diabetes. The results indicate the polarization of microglia/macrophages towards the M2 reparative phenotype as a potential mechanism of neuroprotection.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Davidsson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Linear Dichroism of 1,4-Benzodiazepines
- 1976
-
Ingår i: Spectroscopy Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2289 .- 0038-7010. ; 9:5, s. 301-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear dichroism and absorption spectra were measured for some 1,4-benzodiazepines dissolved and partially oriented in a polymer matrix. The results are discussed in terms of polarizations of the transitions in the two noninteracting benzene nuclei.
|
|
| 37. |
- Egge, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Outcome 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: relation between cognitive performance and neuroimaging
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 112:2, s. 76-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - To assess the cognitive impairment and the association between neuropsychological measures and neuroimaging 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Method - Forty-two patients were examined clinically according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and neuropsychological examination were performed. Results - There were no association between GOS and cognitive impairment index based on the neuropsychological examination. CT showed no sign of cerebral ischemia in 17 (40%) and low attenuating areas indicating cerebral infarction(s) in 25 (60%) patients. A significant correlation (P = 0.01) was observed between the cognitive impairment index and the SPECT index (r = 0.6). SPECT measurement was the only independent predictor for cognitive impairment. Conclusion - GOS is a crude outcome measure and patients classified with good recoveries may have significant cognitive deficits. Neuropsychological examination is the preferred method for outcome evaluation as this method specifically addresses the disabilities affecting patients' everyday life.
|
|
| 38. |
- Egge, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Serial single-photon emission computed tomographic and transcranial doppler measurements for evaluation of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - 0148-396X. ; 57:2, s. 237-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the clinical value of serial single photon-emission computed tomographic (SPECT) measurements after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Thirty-two patients were studied prospectively during the first 26 days after SAH with repeated SPELT measurements; clinical examinations, and transcranial Doppler recordings. Time trends were analyzed with a general linear model. A final SPECT measurement was performed after 1 year. Results: A mean of 2.6 (range, 1-5) SPECT measurements revealed a significant (P=0.001) quadratic curve consistent with initial hypoperfusion and then with hyperperfusion during the acute stage. SPELT findings were significantly associated with transcranial Doppler recordings (P=0.016) and clinical assessments (P=0.008). Patients fulfilling clinical and transcranial Doppler criteria for vasospasm demonstrated a more pronounced relative hypoperfusionj hyperperfusion time course. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SPECT measurements obtained during Days 7 to 14 after the SAH as the only independent predictor (beta=0.042, P=0.02) for impaired perfusion after 1 year. Conclusion: Serial SPECT measurements after aneurysmal SAH demonstrate that regional changes in cerebral perfusion follow a nonlinear time trend, and repeated measurements are necessary. This observation, as well as the low feasibility of SPECT, restricts the clinical value of such measurements.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Elmberg Sjoholm, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Living with consequences of stroke and risk factors for unhealthy diet- experiences among stroke survivors and caregivers in Nairobi, Kenya
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundStroke prevalence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and has been partly attributed to the rapid economic and population growth that have contributed to changes in lifestyle and increased the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for stroke. Healthy diet is important in stroke management and secondary stroke prevention. The aim was to explore the clinical characteristics and functioning after stroke and the experiences of nutritional aspects among stroke survivors and caregivers in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsA cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative methods involving two rounds of data collection was utilised. In the first round, data on demographics and clinical characteristics were collected for 30 people poststroke during a seminar organized by the Kenya Stroke Association. In the second round, nine participants then agreed to be interviewed together with their caregivers and asked to describe their own experiences and their household eating patterns after suffering a stroke. The food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist measurements were used. The self-reported data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the transcribed interview texts used a constructivist-based theory.ResultsThe results give an insight in the life situation for people living with consequences after stroke and their caregivers in Nairobi. The participants were aware that they were overweight and that this indicated an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. A core category emerged: The caregiver as the main definer of health and enabler of healthy diet among persons who have had a stroke. Healthy diets and provided information on eating healthy were lacking from the healthcare professionals, whereupon the responsibility for managing a healthy diet had shifted to the caregivers.ConclusionsSupport needs to be given to people with stroke and their caregivers to achieve a healthy diet. The importance of healthy eating as a way of reducing the risk of suffering a stroke needs to be communicated by health care. The Kenyan food-based dietary guidelines need to be more implemented and accessible as well as an overall secondary stroke prevention program.
|
|
