| 21. |
- He, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy outcomes in women with a prior cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 diagnosis : a nationwide population-based cohort study with sibling comparison design
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0003-4819. ; 175:2, s. 210-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) removes or destroys part of the cervix and might subsequently influence pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To investigate pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed with CIN3. Design: Population- and sibling-matched cohort study. Setting: Sweden, 1973-2018. Participants: General population comparison included 78 450 singletons born to women diagnosed with CIN3 and 784 500 matched singletons born to women in the general population who had no CIN3 diagnosis; sibling comparison included 23 199 singletons born to women diagnosed with CIN3 and 28 135 singletons born to their sisters without a CIN3 diagnosis. Measurements: Preterm birth, including spontaneous or iatrogenic preterm birth; Infection-related outcomes, including chorioamnionitis and infant sepsis; and early neonatal death, defined as death during the first week after birth. Results: Compared with the matched general population, women previously diagnosed with CIN3 were more likely to have a preterm birth especially extremely preterm (22-28 weeks; OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 2.69-3.34) and spontaneous preterm (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 2.05-2.20) birth, infection-related outcomes including chorioamnionitis (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.89-3.62) and infant sepsis (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.60-1.86), and early neonatal death (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.61-2.09). Sibling comparison analyses rendered largely similar results. Over time the risk difference attenuated for all outcomes and disappeared for early neonatal death. Limitations: Lack of data on CIN3 treatment and spontaneous abortion. Conclusion: Prior history of CIN 3 is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes even after accounting for familial factors. Decreasing risk estimates over time suggest that adverse pregnancy outcomes among women diagnosed with CIN3 may be minimized by improving treatment modalities.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Herweijer, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Association of varying number of doses of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine with incidence of condyloma.
- 2014
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Ingår i: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 311:6, s. 597-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining vaccine dose-level protection is essential to minimize program costs and increase mass vaccination program feasibility. Currently, a 3-dose vaccination schedule is recommended for both the quadrivalent and bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. Although the primary goal of HPV vaccination programs is to prevent cervical cancer, condyloma related to HPV types 6 and 11 is also prevented with the quadrivalent vaccine and represents the earliest measurable preventable disease outcome for the HPV vaccine.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hortlund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cervical cancer screening in Sweden 2014-2016.
- 2018
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enable incremental optimization of screening, regular reporting of quality indicators is required.To report key quality indicators and basic statistics about cervical screening in Sweden.We collected individual level data on all cervical cytologies, histopathologies, human papillomavirus tests and all invitations for cervical screening in Sweden during 2013-2016.There were over 2,278,000 cervical samples collected in Sweden in 2014-2016. Organized samples (resulting from an invitation) constituted 69% of samples. The screening test coverage of all resident women aged 23-60 was 82%. The coverage has slowly increased for >10 years. There is large variability between counties (from 71% to 92%) over time. There were 25,725 women with high-grade lesions in cytology during 2013-2015. Only 96% of these women had a follow-up histopathology within a year. Cervical cancer incidence showed an increasing trend.Key quality indicators such as population coverage and follow-up rates were stable or improving, but there was nevertheless an unexplained cervical cancer increase.
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| 26. |
- Hultman, C M, et al.
(författare)
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Perinatal risk factors for infantile autism
- 2002
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 13:4, s. 417-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Etiologic hypotheses in infantile autism suggest a strong genetic component, as well as possible environmental risks linked to early fetal development. We evaluated the association of maternal, pregnancy, delivery, and infant characteristics and risk of infantile autism. Methods. We conducted a case-control study nested within a population-based cohort (all Swedish children born in 1974-1993). We used prospectively recorded data from the Swedish Birth Register, which were individually linked to the Swedish Inpatient Register. Cases were 408 children (321 boys and 87 girls) discharged with a main diagnosis ion infantile autism from any hospital in Sweden before 10 years of age in the period 1987-1994, plus 2,040 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. The risk of autism was associated with daily smoking in early pregnancy (OR = 1.4; CI = 1.1-1.8), maternal birth outside Europe and North America (OR - 3.0; CI = 1.7-5.2), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.6; CI = 1.1-2.3), being small for gestational age (SGA; OR = 2.1; CI = 1.1-3.0), a 5-minute Apgar score below 7 (OR = 3.2, CI = 1.2-8.2), and congenital malformations (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.1-3.1). No association was found between autism and head circumference, maternal diabetes, being a twin, or season of birth. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that intrauterine and neonatal factors related to deviant intrauterine growth or fetal distress are important in the pathogenesis of autism.
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| 27. |
- Jukkala, Tanya, et al.
(författare)
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Age, period and cohort effects on suicide mortality in Russia, 1956-2005
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Russian suicide mortality rates changed rapidly over the second half of the twentieth century. This study attempts to differentiate between underlying period and cohort effects in relation to the changes in suicide mortality in Russia between 1956 and 2005. Methods: Sex-and age-specific suicide mortality data were analyzed using an age-period-cohort (APC) approach. Descriptive analyses and APC modeling with log-linear Poisson regression were performed. Results: Strong period effects were observed for the years during and after Gorbachev ' s political reforms (including the anti-alcohol campaign) and for those following the break-up of the Soviet Union. After mutual adjustment, the cohort-and period-specific relative risk estimates for suicide revealed differing underlying processes. While the estimated period effects had an overall positive trend, cohort-specific developments indicated a positive trend for the male cohorts born between 1891 and 1931 and for the female cohorts born between 1891 and 1911, but a negative trend for subsequent cohorts. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the specific life experiences of cohorts may be important for variations in suicide mortality across time, in addition to more immediate effects of changes in the social environment.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Kasiman, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Common Familial Effects on Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; , s. 1-10-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Recent genome-wide association studies suggest some overlap of genetic determinants of ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to assess shared familial risk between IS and MI in a large, population-wide cohort study.METHODS:Study participants free of IS and MI and their affected siblings were extracted from the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death Registers between 1987 and 2007, forming an exposed sib-pair. They were matched by birth year of both siblings and calendar period to up to five unexposed sib-pairs. Stratified Cox regression analyses were used to assess familial risk of MI and IS in those exposed to having a sibling with IS (n = 31,659) and MI (n = 62,766), respectively, compared to unexposed (n = 143,728 and 265,974).RESULTS:The overall risk of MI when exposed to having a sibling with IS was statistically significantly increased (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.34-1.55, p < 0.001) to a similar extent as risk of IS when exposed to having a sibling with MI (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.32-1.50, p < 0.001). The familial risks were similar in full siblings for both groups (RR for MI, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.35-1.58, p < 0.001; and RR for IS, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.30-1.40, p < 0.001) and half siblings (RR for MI, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.59, p < 0.001; and RR for IS, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.65, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION:This large, population-wide study indicates that there is considerable overlap of familial risk between IS and MI.
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| 30. |
- Kasiman, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Familial effects on ischemic stroke : the role of sibling kinship, sex, and age of onset
- 2012
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1942-325X .- 1942-3268. ; 5:2, s. 226-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies on familial risk of ischemic stroke have supported genetic influence on the disease incidence. This study aimed to characterize these familial effects in a nationwide population-based study by taking into account sibling relations, sex of siblings, and age of onset, with respect to ischemic stroke incidence.METHODS AND RESULTS: Incident ischemic stroke cases identified from the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death Registers between 1987 and 2007 were linked to their stroke-free siblings (study participants), forming an exposed sib-pair. Each exposed sib-pair was matched up to 5 unexposed sib-pairs from the Multi-Generation Registry by birth and calendar years. Incident ischemic stroke risk was assessed using hazard estimates obtained from stratified Cox regression analyses. A total of 30 735 exposed and 152 391 unexposed study participants were included in the analyses. The overall risk of incident ischemic stroke when exposed was significantly increased (relative risk, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-1.75; P<0.001). Familial risk was higher in full (relative risk, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-1.81; P<0.001) than in half (relative risk, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.82; P=0.007) siblings. Familial risk of early ischemic stroke almost doubled when exposed to early ischemic stroke (relative risk, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-2.67; P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: There was a 60% increased risk for ischemic stroke in individuals having a sibling with prior stroke. The familial effect was even higher for full-sibling relations. Familial effects were observed in both male and female individuals, and no differential effects depending on the sex of either of the siblings were found.
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