| 131. |
- Säljö, Karin, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of Glycosphingolipids in the Human Parathyroid and Thyroid Glands
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067 .- 1661-6596. ; 22:13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As part of a systematic investigation of the glycosphingolipids in human tissues, acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids from human thyroid and parathyroid glands were isolated and characterized with mass spectrometry and binding of carbohydrate-recognizing ligands, with a focus on complex compounds. The glycosphingolipid patterns of the human parathyroid and thyroid glands were very similar. The major acid glycosphingolipids were sulfatide and the gangliosides GM3, GD3, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and Neu5Ac-neolactotetraosylceramide, and the major non-acid glycosphingolipids were globotriaosylceramide and globoside. We also found neolactotetra- and neolactohexaosylceramide, the x(2) glycosphingolipid, and complex glycosphingolipids with terminal blood group O and A determinants in both tissues. A glycosphingolipid with blood group Le(b) determinant was identified in the thyroid gland, and the parathyroid sample had a glycosphingolipid with terminal blood group B determinant. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of blood group A antigens in both the thyroid and parathyroid glands. A weak cytoplasmatic expression of the GD1a ganglioside was present in the thyroid, while the parathyroid gland had a strong GD1a expression on the cell surface. Thus, the glycosylation of human thyroid and parathyroid glands is more complex than previously appreciated. Our findings provide a platform for further studies of alterations of cell surface glycosphingolipids in thyroid and parathyroid cancers.
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| 132. |
- Tacon, Lyndal J., et al.
(author)
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The glucocorticoid receptor is overexpressed in malignant adrenocortical tumors
- 2009
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:11, s. 4591-4599
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONTEXT: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. The Weiss score is the most widely accepted method for distinguishing an ACC from an adrenocortical adenoma (ACA); however, in borderline cases, accurate diagnosis remains problematic. We recently discovered that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene NR3C1 is significantly up-regulated in ACCs compared with ACAs in global gene expression studies. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study GR expression in adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) and to assess its utility as an adjunct to the Weiss score. DESIGN: Microarray analysis, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and direct sequencing were performed. RESULTS: Analysis of 28 ACTs by microarray and 49 ACTs by qPCR found NR3C1 expression to be up-regulated in ACCs compared with ACAs (P < 0.001). Western blotting and RT-PCR confirmed the presence of the GRalpha isoform in ACCs, and no mutations were detected on direct sequencing. Immunohistochemistry for GR in an overlapping cohort of ACTs demonstrated strongly positive nuclear staining in 31 of 33 ACCs (94%), with negative staining in 40 of 41 ACAs (98%) (P < 0.001). This finding was validated in an external cohort of ACTs, such that 14 of 18 ACCs (78%) demonstrated positive nuclear staining whereas 32 of 33 ACAs (94%) were negative (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The immunohistochemical finding of nuclear GR staining identified ACCs with high diagnostic accuracy. We propose that GR immunohistochemistry may complement the Weiss score in the diagnosis of ACC in cases that display borderline histology. The possibility that GR is transcriptionally active in these tumors, and may therefore be a therapeutic target, requires further study.
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| 133. |
- Tiensuu Janson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Nordic guidelines 2021 for diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
- 2021
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 60:7, s. 931-941
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The diagnostic work-up and treatment of patients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) has undergone major advances and new methods are introduced. Furthermore, an update of the WHO classification has resulted in a new nomenclature for GEP-NEN that is implemented in the clinic.Aim: These Nordic guidelines summarise the Nordic Neuroendocrine Tumour Group's current view on how to diagnose and treat GEP-NEN patients and aims to be useful in the daily practice for clinicians.
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| 134. |
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| 135. |
- Van Den Heede, Klaas, et al.
(author)
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Surgery for advanced neuroendocrine tumours of the small bowel : recommendations based on a consensus meeting of the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons (ESES)
- 2024
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In: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 111:4
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Small bowel neuroendocrine tumours often present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding (controversial) topics in the surgical management of advanced small bowel neuroendocrine tumours.Methods A working group of experts was formed by the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons. The group addressed 11 clinically relevant questions regarding surgery for advanced disease, including the benefit of primary tumour resection, the role of cytoreduction, the extent of lymph node clearance, and the management of an unknown primary tumour. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE to identify papers addressing the research questions. Final recommendations were presented and voted upon by European Society of Endocrine Surgeons members at the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons Conference in Mainz in 2023.Results The literature review yielded 1223 papers, of which 84 were included. There were no randomized controlled trials to address any of the research questions and therefore conclusions were based on the available case series, cohort studies, and systematic reviews/meta-analyses of the available non-randomized studies. The proposed recommendations were scored by 38-51 members and rated 'strongly agree' or 'agree' by 64-96% of participants.Conclusion This paper provides recommendations based on the best available evidence and expert opinion on the surgical management of locally advanced and metastatic small bowel neuroendocrine tumours. This paper provides evidence-based recommendations on the surgical management of locally advanced and metastatic small bowel neuroendocrine tumours, primary tumour resections in the setting of metastatic disease, and surgical indications for grade 3 small bowel neuroendocrine tumours and small bowel neuroendocrine carcinomas. The recommendations are the result of a working group of experts, created by the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons. The group addressed 11 relevant clinical questions regarding surgery for advanced disease, emphasizing and confirming the key role of the surgeon for advanced small bowel neuroendocrine tumours.
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| 136. |
- Wang, Shu, et al.
(author)
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Targeted disruption of the mouse phospholipase C β3 gene results in early embryonic lethality
- 1998
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In: FEBS Letters. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 441:2, s. 261-265
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to investigate the biological function of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) we generated mutant mice by gene targeting. Homozygous inactivation of PLCbeta3 is lethal at embryonic day 2.5. These mutants show poor embryonic organization as well as reduced numbers of cells. Identical phenotypes were recorded in homozygous mutants generated from two independently targeted embryonic stem cell clones. Heterozygous mutant mice, however, are viable and fertile for at least two generations. We also showed that mouse PLCbeta3 is expressed in unfertilized eggs, 3-cell and egg cylinder stages of embryos. In conclusion, these results indicate that PLCbeta3 expression is essential for early mouse embryonic development.
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| 137. |
- Wang, She, et al.
(author)
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Targeted disruption of the mouse PLC b3 gene results in defective preimplantation and tumor predisposition
- 1998
-
In: FEBS Letters. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 441:2, s. 261-265
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to investigate the biological function of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) we generated mutant mice by gene targeting. Homozygous inactivation of PLCβ3 is lethal at embryonic day 2.5. These mutants show poor embryonic organization as well as reduced numbers of cells. Identical phenotypes were recorded in homozygous mutants generated from two independently targeted embryonic stem cell clones. Heterozygous mutant mice, however, are viable and fertile for at least two generations. We also showed that mouse PLCβ3 is expressed in unfertilized eggs, 3-cell and egg cylinder stages of embryos. In conclusion, these results indicate that PLCβ3 expression is essential for early mouse embryonic development.
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| 138. |
- Åkerström, Göran, et al.
(author)
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A review on management discussions of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors 'midgut carcinoids'
- 2015
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In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 2045-0869 .- 2045-0877. ; 2:2, s. 119-128
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society staging, together with the Ki67 grading system, has appeared as superior for classification of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). The management of small intestinal NET (SI-NET) has been overall controversial. Mesenteric metastases occur also with the smallest SI-NET, and the majority of patients risk to ultimately progress with liver metastases. 68Gallium (somatostatin receptor)/PET/CT has appeared as most sensitive for imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET is recommended to identify lesions with high proliferation. Our treatment policy for SINET is to initiate somatostatin analog treatment, and in order to prevent abdominal complications we recommend early intestinal resection for removal of primary tumors and clearance of lymph node metastases. Liver metastases are liberally treated by resection (or ablation), as this can efficiently palliate carcinoid syndrome-associated symptoms.
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| 139. |
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| 140. |
- Åkerström, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2
- 2018
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In: <em>Textbook of Complex General Surgical Oncology</em>. - : McGraw-Hill. - 0071793313
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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