| 31. |
- Starkhammar, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
-
The dynamics of the bottlenose dolphin sonar beam.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 124:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much research on dolphin echolocation has focused on animals that have been trained to remain stationary or to carry a device that allows the animals to move but restricts the location of the sonar beam. In such cases, a small number of hydrophones measures sonar characteristics while dolphins solve echolocation tasks. As a result, much is known about the beam axis but relatively little is known about other parts of the beam. One reason for this disparity is that it has been difficult to interpret the results from off axis measurements using a small number of hydrophones (that may or may not sample simultaneously). In this paper, we report results from a system of 47 hydrophones in a 0.75 x 0.75 m(2) matrix that allowed measurements to be made at multiple locations in the beam simultaneously, with a sample rate of 1 Msamples. The system both visualizes and records echolocation clicks in real time across the whole cross section of the beam, hence allowing the full dynamics of the sonar beam to be revealed. As a demonstration of the system's utility, we present results obtained with the system to assess the acoustic properties of clicks produced spontaneously by free-swimming dolphins.
|
|
| 32. |
- Tveit, Kjell Magne, et al.
(författare)
-
Phase III Trial of Cetuximab With Continuous or Intermittent Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX) Versus FLOX Alone in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer : The NORDIC-VII Study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology: JCO. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 30:15, s. 1755-1762
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The NORDIC-VII multicenter phase III trial investigated the efficacy of cetuximab when added to bolus fluorouracil/folinic acid and oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX), administered continuously or intermittently, in previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The influence of KRAS mutation status on treatment outcome was also investigated. Patients and Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard Nordic FLOX (arm A), cetuximab and FLOX (arm B), or cetuximab combined with intermittent FLOX (arm C). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Overall survival (OS), response rate, R0 resection rate, and safety were secondary end points. Results: Of the 571 patients randomly assigned, 566 were evaluable in intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses. KRAS and BRAF mutation analyses were obtained in 498 (88%) and 457 patients (81%), respectively. KRAS mutations were present in 39% of the tumors; 12% of tumors had BRAF mutations. The presence of BRAF mutations was a strong negative prognostic factor. In the ITT population, median PFS was 7.9, 8.3, and 7.3 months for the three arms, respectively (not significantly different). OS was almost identical for the three groups (20.4, 19.7, 20.3 months, respectively), and confirmed response rates were 41%, 49%, and 47%, respectively. In patients with KRAS wild-type tumors, cetuximab did not provide any additional benefit compared with FLOX alone. In patients with KRAS mutations, no significant difference was detected, although a trend toward improved PFS was observed in arm B. The regimens were well tolerated. Conclusion: Cetuximab did not add significant benefit to the Nordic FLOX regimen in first-line treatment of mCRC.
|
|
| 33. |
- Wall, Najme, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcoma : A clinical evaluation of treatment over ten years
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 42:1, s. 55-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of palliative chemotherapy on soft tissue sarcomas given outside controlled trials. Therapy and response rates of 77 patients with non-resectable sarcoma treated with different regimens between 1991 and 2000 were reviewed. Thirty-six patients were treated with first-line chemotherapy comprising cyclophosphamide+vincristine+doxorubicin+dacarbazine (CYVADIC), with a response rate of 28% (median response duration 5.5 months). Etoposide and ifosfamide (IVP, or VIG, which also includes granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)) were used in the treatment of 18 patients. The response rate was 22% (median response duration 4.5 months), Nineteen patients were treated with doxorubicin+ifosfamide and one patient responded. Four patients received other first-line treatments. Thirty-eight patients were given second-line chemotherapy and 4 (10%) patients responded. Thirteen patients were given third-line treatment and 5 patients received fourth-line treatment, but without any response. Disease progression was the dominant reason for discontinuation of therapy. The response rate in the present study was lower than the best published results, probably due to the fact that our soft tissue sarcoma patient material was unselected. Treatment with CYVADIC yields at least as high a response rate as the more recently described doxorubicin+ifosfamide combination, but third- and fourth-line therapy is not beneficial. Clinical trials with more active drugs are needed, as are more predictive and prognostic tests and a better selection of patient groups suited for different treatment options for soft tissue sarcomas.
|
|
| 34. |
- Åstradsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer patients hospitalised for palliative reasons. Symptoms and needs presented at a University Hospital
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 9:2, s. 97-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify patients in need of palliative care in 11 different care units with a total of 256 beds at Link÷ping University Hospital and to look at their overall situation with respect to assessed symptom control and quality of life. There were 46 patients fulfilling the two criteria of incurable cancer and need for palliative care, and each was assessed with the aid of a questionnaire (five oral questions on life situation) and a single visual analogue scale (VAS) about their overall quality of life (QoL). Each patient also assessed him- or herself on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS). Total ESAS scores ranged from 20 to 639 mm (median 211). Median VAS scores (100 mm = greatest symptom severity) were as follows: nausea 6 mm, pain 9 mm, anxiety 17 mm, depression 18 mm, drowsiness 35 mm, activity 38 mm, appetite 45 mm, and sensation of well-being 46 mm. The median score for QoL was 47 and correlated well with the total ESAS score. Thirty-seven patients answered the open question "What in your current situation troubles you the most?". Seven patients answered "nothing", and 10 said "the present symptoms". Twenty patients had different concerns (existential, social, and psychological). The low number of hospitalised patients found reflects a well-functioning hospital-based home-care unit. Reduced appetite, sensation of well-being and activity were dominant, while pain and nausea were less intense. The simple QoL-VAS seemed to be comparable to ESAS, which is more useful for assessing each single symptom. The non-physical dimensions need more attention in the future in order to achieve totally satisfactory palliative care.
|
|
