| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Altmae, Signe, et al.
(författare)
-
Endometrial transcriptome analysis indicates superiority of natural over artificial cycles in recurrent implantation failure patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier BV. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 32:6, s. 597-613
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little consensus has been reached on the best protocol for endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer (FET). It is not known how, and to what extent, hormone supplementation in artificial cycles influences endometrial preparation for embryo implantation at a molecular level, especially in patients who have experienced recurrent implantation failure. Transcriptome analysis of 15 endometrial biopsy samples at the time of embryo implantation was used to compare two different endometrial preparation protocols, natural versus artificial cycles, for FET in women who have experienced recurrent implantation failure compared with fertile women. IPA and DAVID were used for functional analyses of differentially expressed genes. The TRANSFAC database was used to identify oestrogen and progesterone response elements upstream of differentially expressed genes. Cluster analysis demonstrated that natural cycles are associated with a better endometrial receptivity transcriptome than artificial cycles. Artificial cycles seemed to have a stronger negative effect on expression of genes and pathways crucial for endometrial receptivity, including ESR2, FSHR, LEP, and several interleukins and matrix metalloproteinases. Significant overrepresentation of oestrogen response elements among the genes with deteriorated expression in artificial cycles (P < 0.001) was found; progesterone response elements predominated in genes with amended expression with artificial cycles (P = 0.0052).
|
|
| 34. |
- Altmäe, Signe, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic predictors of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation : where do we stand today?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Human Reproduction Update. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1355-4786 .- 1460-2369. ; 17:6, s. 813-828
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDNowadays, the use of IVF has improved the prospects of infertility treatment. The expected outcome of IVF depends greatly on the effectiveness of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), where exogenous gonadotrophins are used to induce folliculogenesis. The response to stimulation varies substantially among women and is difficult to predict. Several predictive markers of COH outcome have been proposed (e.g. maternal age and ovarian reserve), but the search for optimal predictors is ongoing. Pharmacogenetic studies demonstrate the effects of individual genetic variability on COH outcome and the potential for customizing therapy based on the patient's genome.METHODSMEDLINE, EMBASE, DARE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, and references from relevant articles were investigated up to February 2011 regarding any common genetic variation and COH/IVF outcome.RESULTSSeveral polymorphisms in genes involved in FSH signalling, estrogen biosynthesis, folliculogenesis, folate metabolism and other aspects influence the response to exogenous gonadotrophin administration, resulting in differences in COH and IVF outcomes. Nevertheless, the most studied polymorphism FSHR Asn680Ser is practically the only genetic marker, together with ESR1 PvuII T/C, that could be applied in clinical tests.CONCLUSIONSAlthough data are accumulating with evidence suggesting that the ovarian response to COH is mediated by various polymorphisms, the optimal biomarkers and the efficacy of the tests still remain to be evaluated.
|
|
| 35. |
- Laanpere, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Folate-metabolizing gene variants and pregnancy outcome of IVF
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier BV. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 22:6, s. 603-614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing evidence that folate status and variation in folate-metabolizing genes are involved in female reproductive functions. This study evaluated the influence of maternal blood folate, vitamin B(12), homocysteine and 10 folate pathway gene variants on IVF outcome. Also, the prevalence of these polymorphisms was compared in 439 female IVF patients and 225 fertile controls. MTHFR 677 CT heterozygotes had a higher proportion of good-quality embryos and an increased chance of pregnancy. MTHFR 1793 GA heterozygosity was associated with a lower percentage of previously failed IVF treatments. Heterozygosity for FOLR1 1816 C/delC and 1841 G/A was associated with a raised risk of pregnancy loss. The CTH 1208 GT genotype was associated with an increased chance of pregnancy and a smaller number of previously failed IVF cycles and the genotype frequency was lower in IVF patients with three or more previously failed IVF treatments compared with fertile controls. SLC19A1 80 GA heterozygotes had a decreased number of previously failed IVF treatments and were more prevalent among fertile controls. In conclusion, polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing genes may affect ovarian stimulation and pregnancy outcome of IVF, and heterozygous individuals, rather than the wild-type homozygotes, appeared to have more favourable outcomes.
|
|
| 36. |
- Lalitkumar, P. G. L, et al.
(författare)
-
Mifepristone, but not levonorgestrel, inhibits human blastocyst attachment to an in vitro endometrial three-dimensional cell culture model
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 22:11, s. 3031-3037
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The use of fertility regulating drugs is limited among various socio-ethnic groups due to limited knowledge about their mechanism of action. This study investigates the effect of levonorgestrel and mifepristone on attachment of human embryos to an in vitro endometrial construct. METHOD: Three-dimensional endometrial constructs were established by co-culturing early luteal phase human endometrial stromal and epithelial cells. Expression of endometrial receptivity markers in this construct were examined by immunohistochemistry. Effects of mifepristone and levonorgestrel on viability and attachment of human blastocysts were investigated. RESULTS: Endometrial constructs expressed the factors involved in endometrial receptivity: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-1, COX-2, MUC-1 and integrin-alpha(V)beta(3). None of the 15 embryos cultured with mifepristone attached to the endometrial construct (P < 0.01), whereas 10/17 in control, and 6/14 in levonorgestrel, groups attached. The attachment was confirmed by the positive expression of cytokeratin 7 at the attachment site. CONCLUSION: Mifepristone inhibits blastocyst attachment. Levonorgestrel did not impair the attachment of human embryos to the in vitro endometrial construct. This model could be used to understand endometrial receptivity and embryo-endometrial dialog and to develop new fertility regulating substances.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Murto, Tiina, et al.
(författare)
-
Folic acid supplementation and IVF pregnancy outcome in women with unexplained infertility
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 28:6, s. 766-772
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folic acid supplements are commonly used by infertile women and lead to a positive folate status. However, the effect of folic acid supplements on pregnancy outcome in women with unexplained infertility has not been well investigated. This study evaluated folic acid supplement use and folate status in women with unexplained infertility in relation to pregnancy outcome. In addition, use of folic acid supplements and folate status were compared between women with unexplained infertility and fertile, nonpregnant control women. Women with unexplained infertility used significantly more folic acid supplements and had higher median total folic acid intake from supplements compared with fertile control women (both P < 0.001). Women with unexplained infertility also had significantly higher median plasma folate and lower median plasma homocysteine concentrations than fertile women (both P < 0.001), but folic acid supplementation or folate status were not related to pregnancy outcome in women with unexplained infertility. In conclusion, folic acid supplementation or good folate status did not have a positive effect on pregnancy outcome following infertility treatment in women with unexplained infertility.
|
|
| 40. |
- Stavreus-Evers, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Co-existence of heparin-binding epidermal growth factorlike growth factor and pinopodes in human endometrium at the time of implantation
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Molecular human reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1360-9947 .- 1460-2407. ; 8:8, s. 765-769
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pinopodes have been suggested to be markers of uterine receptivity. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is expressed in increasing amounts in the secretory phase endometrium and is considered to be important for the human implantation process. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible co-existence of pinopodes and HB-EGF in the normal human endometrium. Endometrial biopsies were obtained from women with normal menstrual cycles. The biopsies were examined by scanning electron microscopy for the detection of pinopodes, by immunohistochemistry for the expression of HB-EGF protein, and by confocal microscopy to determine if HB-EGF was present on the surface of the pinopodes. The expression of HB-EGF in luminal and glandular epithelium was highest when fully developed pinopodes were present. Using confocal microscopy it was shown that HB-EGF was present both inside the luminal epithelial cells and on the surface of pinopodes. These findings suggest that HB-EGF might play a role in both the attachment and penetration steps in the human implantation process. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical staining demonstrates that HB-EGF can be used as a marker for the implantation window.
|
|
