21. |
- Barker, Roger A., et al.
(författare)
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GDNF and Parkinson's Disease : Where Next? A Summary from a Recent Workshop
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - 1877-7171. ; 10:3, s. 875-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of repairing the brain with growth factors has been pursued for many years in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including primarily Parkinson's disease (PD) using glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). This neurotrophic factor was discovered in 1993 and shown to have selective effects on promoting survival and regeneration of certain populations of neurons including the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. These observations led to a series of clinical trials in PD patients including using infusions or gene delivery of GDNF or the related growth factor, neurturin (NRTN). Initial studies, some of which were open label, suggested that this approach could be of value in PD when the agent was injected into the putamen rather than the cerebral ventricles. In subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, the most recent reporting in 2019, treatment with GDNF did not achieve its primary end point. As a result, there has been uncertainty as to whether GDNF (and by extrapolation, related GDNF family neurotrophic factors) has merit in the future treatment of PD. To critically appraise the existing work and its future, a special workshop was held to discuss and debate this issue. This paper is a summary of that meeting with recommendations on whether there is a future for this therapeutic approach and also what any future PD trial involving GDNF and other GDNF family neurotrophic factors should consider in its design.
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22. |
- Cornish, Thomas M., et al.
(författare)
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An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: an unbiased study of SMG environments measured with narrow-band imaging
- 2024
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 533:2, s. 2399-2419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most extreme star-forming systems in the Universe, whose place in the framework of galaxy evolution is as yet uncertain. It has been hypothesized that SMGs are progenitors of local early-type galaxies, requiring that SMGs generally reside in galaxy cluster progenitors at high redshift. We test this hypothesis and explore SMG environments using a narrow-band VLT/HAWK-I+GRAAL study of H α and [O III] emitters around an unbiased sample of three ALMA-identified and spectroscopically confirmed SMGs at z ∼ 2.3 and ∼ 3.3, where these SMGs were selected solely on spectroscopic redshift. Comparing with blank-field observations at similar epochs, we find that one of the three SMGs lies in an overdensity of emission-line sources on the ∼ 4 Mpc scale of the HAWK-I field of view, with overdensity parameter δg = 2.6+1.4-1.2. A second SMG is significantly overdense only on ≲ 1.6 Mpc scales and the final SMG is consistent with residing in a blank field environment. The total masses of the two overdensities are estimated to be log(Mh/M☉) = 12.1–14.4, leading to present-day masses of log(Mh, z=0/M☉) = 12.9–15.9. These results imply that SMGs occupy a range of environments, from overdense protoclusters or protogroups to the blank field, suggesting that while some SMGs are strong candidates for the progenitors of massive elliptical galaxies in clusters, this may not be their only possible evolutionary pathway.
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