| 31. |
- Flach, Carl-Fredrik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Does antifouling paint select for antibiotic resistance?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 590, s. 461-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is concern that heavy metals and biocides contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance via co-selection. Most antifouling paints contain high amounts of such substances, which risks turning painted ship hulls into highly mobile refuges and breeding grounds for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objectives of this study were to start investigate if heavy-metal based antifouling paints can pose a risk for co-selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and, if so, identify the underlying genetic basis. Plastic panels with one side painted with copper and zinc-containing antifouling paint were submerged in a Swedish marina and biofilms from both sides of the panels were harvested after 2.5-4 weeks. DNA was isolated from the biofilms and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Biofilm bacteria were cultured on marine agar supplemented with tetracycline, gentamicin, copper sulfate or zinc sulfate. Biofilm communities from painted surfaces displayed lower taxonomic diversity and enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria. Bacteria from these communities showed increased resistance to both heavy metals and tetracycline but not to gentamicin. Significantly higher abundance of metal and biocide resistance genes was observed, whereas mobile antibiotic resistance genes were not enriched in these communities. In contrast, we found an enrichment of chromosomal RND efflux system genes, including such with documented ability to confer decreased susceptibility to both antibiotics and biocides/heavy metals. This was paralleled by increased abundances of integron-associated integrase and ISCR transposase genes. The results show that the heavy metal-based antifouling paint exerts a strong selection pressure on marine bacterial communities and can co-select for certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria, likely by favoring species and strains carrying genes that provide cross-resistance. Although this does not indicate an immediate risk for promotion of mobile antibiotic resistance, the clear increase of genes involved in mobilizing DNA provides a foundation for increased opportunities for gene transfer in such communities, which might also involve yet unknown resistance mechanisms.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Giang, Kim Anh, et al.
(författare)
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Affibody-based hBCMA x CD16 dual engagers for NK cell-mediated killing of multiple myeloma cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-6784 .- 1876-4347. ; 77, s. 139-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the development and characterization of the (to date) smallest Natural Killer (NK) cell re-directing human B Cell Maturation Antigen (hBCMA) x CD16 dual engagers for potential treatment of multiple myeloma, based on combinations of small 58 amino acid, non-immunoglobulin, affibody affinity proteins. Affibody molecules to human CD16a were selected from a combinatorial library by phage display resulting in the identification of three unique binders with affinities (KD) for CD16a in the range of 100 nM–3 µM. The affibody exhibiting the highest affinity demonstrated insensitivity towards the CD16a allotype (158F/V) and did not interfere with IgG (Fc) binding to CD16a. For the construction of hBCMA x CD16 dual engagers, different CD16a binding arms, including bi-paratopic affibody combinations, were genetically fused to a high-affinity hBCMA-specific affibody. Such 15–23 kDa dual engager constructs showed simultaneous hBCMA and CD16a binding ability and could efficiently activate resting primary NK cells and trigger specific lysis of a panel of hBCMA-positive multiple myeloma cell lines. Hence, we report a novel class of uniquely small NK cell engagers with specific binding properties and potent functional profiles.
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| 35. |
- Hagelbäck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Psychophysiological Interaction and Empathic Cognition for Human-Robot Cooperative Work (PsyIntEC)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Gearing Up and Accelerating Cross-Fertilization between Academic and Industrial Robotics Research in Europe. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319029337 ; , s. 283-299
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the PsyIntEC project is to explore affective and cognitive modeling of humans in human-robot interaction (HRI) as a basis for behavioral adaptation. To achieve this we have explored human affective perception of relevant modalities in human-human and human-robot interaction on a collaborative problem-solving task using psychophysiological measurements. The experiments conducted have given us valuable insight into the communicational and affective queues interplaying in such interactions from the human perspective. The results indicate that there is an increase in both positive and negative emotions when interacting with robots compared to interacting with another human or solving the task alone, but detailed analysis on shorter time segments is required for the results from all sensors to be conclusive and significant.
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| 36. |
- Hagelbäck, Johan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychophysiological Interaction and Empathic Cognition for Human-robot Cooperative Work (PsyIntEC)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Gearing Up and Accelerating Cross‐fertilization between Academic and Industrial Robotics Research in Europe. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319038377 - 9783319038384 ; , s. 283-299
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the PsyIntEC project is to explore affective and cognitive modeling of humans in human-robot interaction (HRI) as a basis for behavioral adaptation. To achieve this we have explored human affective perception of relevant modalities in human-human and human-robot interaction on a collaborative problem-solving task using psychophysiological measurements. The experiments conducted have given us valuable insight into the communicational and affective queues interplaying in such interactions from the human perspective. The results indicate that there is an increase in both positive and negative emotions when interacting with robots compared to interacting with another human or solving the task alone, but detailed analysis on shorter time segments is required for the results from all sensors to be conclusive and significant.
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| 37. |
- Hammarberg, Karin M., et al.
(författare)
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Facial clefts involving the midline in combination with intracranial anomalies : Case studies illustrating surgical treatment and medical substitution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 46:3-4, s. 200-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malmö and Uppsala have been regional centres for the treatment of cleft lip and palate since the beginning of the 1950s. We have about 80 new cases every year and most patients have conventional oronasal clefts, either cleft lip and palate or isolated cleft palate. During a 10-year period we have come across four patients who have had varying degrees of midface dysplasia combined with intracranial anomalies. One child died at an early age, but the other three children were given medical substitution of hypopituitarism and have had their clefts reconstructed.
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| 38. |
- Hasselqvist-Ax, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Dispatch of Firefighters and Police Officers in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Trial Using Propensity Score Analysis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 6:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dispatch of basic life support-trained first responders equipped with automated external defibrillators in addition to advanced life support-trained emergency medical services personnel in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has, in some minor cohort studies, been associated with improved survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between basic life support plus advanced life support response and survival in OHCA at a national level.METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014. People who experienced OHCA in 9 Swedish counties covered by basic life support plus advanced life support response were compared with a propensity-matched contemporary control group of people who experienced OHCA in 12 counties where only emergency medical services was dispatched, providing advanced life support. Primary outcome was survival to 30 days. The analytic sample consisted of 2786 pairs (n=5572) derived from the total cohort of 7308 complete cases. The median time from emergency call to arrival of emergency medical services or first responder was 9 minutes in the intervention group versus 10 minutes in the controls (P<0.001). The proportion of patients admitted alive to the hospital after resuscitation was 31.4% (875/2786) in the intervention group versus 24.9% (694/2786) in the controls (conditional odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.57). Thirty-day survival was 9.5% (266/2786) in the intervention group versus 7.7% (214/2786) in the controls (conditional odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.54).CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide interventional trial, using propensity score matching, dispatch of first responders in addition to emergency medical services in OHCA was associated with a moderate, but significant, increase in 30-day survival.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02184468.
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| 39. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Association between interval between call for ambulance and return of spontaneous circulation and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2006
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 71:1, s. 40-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the association between the interval between the call for ambulance and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: All patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started, included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry (SCAR) for whom information about the time of calling for an ambulance and the time of ROSC was available. RESULTS: Among 26,192 patients who were included in SCAR and were not witnessed by the ambulance crew, information about the time of call for an ambulance and the time of ROSC was available in 4847 patients (19%). There was a very strong relationship between the interval between call for an ambulance and ROSC and survival to one month. If the interval was less than or equal to 5 min, 47% survived to one month. If the interval exceeded 30 min, only 5% (n = 35) survived to one month. The vast majority of the latter survivors had a shockable rhythm either on admission of the rescue team or at some time during resuscitation. CONCLUSION: Among patients who have ROSC after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, there is a very strong association between the interval between the call for ambulance and ROSC and survival to one month. However, even if this delay is very long (> 30 min after calling for an ambulance), a small percentage will ultimately survive; they are mainly patients who at some time during resuscitation have a shockable rhythm. The overall percentage of patients for whom CPR continued for more than 30 min who are alive one month later can be assumed to be extremely low.
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| 40. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1468-201X .- 1355-6037. ; 90:10, s. 1114-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether subgroups of patients with no chance of survival can be defined among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: Patients in the Swedish cardiac arrest registry who fulfilled the following criteria were surveyed: cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted; the arrest was not crew witnessed; and patients were found in a non-shockable rhythm. SETTING: Various ambulance organisations in Sweden. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. RESULTS: Among the 16,712 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the following factors were independently associated with a lower chance of survival one month after cardiac arrest: no bystander CPR; non-witnessed cardiac arrest; cardiac arrest occurring at home; increasing interval between call for and arrival of the ambulance; and increasing age. When these factors were considered simultaneously two groups with no survivors were defined. In both groups patients were found in a non-shockable rhythm, no bystander CPR was attempted, the arrest was non-witnessed, the arrest took place at home. In one group the interval between call for and arrival of ambulance exceeded 12 minutes. In the other group patients were older than 80 years and the interval between call for and arrival of the ambulance exceeded eight minutes. CONCLUSION: Among patients who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and were found in a non-shockable rhythm the following factors were associated with a low chance of survival: no bystander CPR, non-witnessed cardiac arrest, the arrest took place at home, increasing interval between call for and arrival of ambulance, and increasing age. When these factors were considered simultaneously, groups with no survivors could be defined. In such groups the ambulance crew may refrain from starting CPR.
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