| 1. |
- Looi, Jefferey Chee Leong, et al.
(författare)
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Shape analysis of the neostriatum in frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, and controls
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 51:3, s. 970-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Frontostriatal circuit mediated cognitive dysfunction has been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but not Alzheimer's disease, or healthy aging. We measured the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) volume in FTLD (n=34), in comparison with controls (n=27) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=19) subjects. Methods: Diagnoses were based on international consensus criteria. Manual bilateral segmentation of the caudate nucleus and putamen was conducted blind to diagnosis by a single analyst, on MRI scans using a standardized protocol. Intra-cranial volume was calculated via a stereological point counting technique and was used for scaling the shape analysis. The manual segmentation binaries were analyzed using UNC Shape Analysis tools (University of North Carolina) to perform comparisons among FTLD, AD, and controls for global shape, local p-value significance maps, and mean magnitude of shape displacement. Results: Shape analysis revealed that there was significant shape difference between FTLD, AD, and controls, consistent with the predicted frontostriatal dysfunction and of significant magnitude, as measured by displacement maps. There was a lateralized difference in shape for the left caudate for FTLD compared to AD; non-specific global atrophy in AD compared to controls; while FTLD showed a more specific pattern in regions relaying fronto- and corticostriatal circuits. Conclusions: Shape analysis shows regional specificity of atrophy, manifest as shape deflation, with implications for frontostriatal and corticostriatal motoric circuits, in FTLD, AD, and controls.
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| 2. |
- Looi, Jeffrey Chee Leong, et al.
(författare)
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Shape analysis of the neostriatum in subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration : neuroanatomically significant regional morphologic change
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506 .- 0165-1781. ; 191:2, s. 98-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frontostriatal circuit mediated cognitive dysfunction has been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and may differ across subtypes of FTLD. We manually segmented the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) in FTLD subtypes: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, FTD, n=12; semantic dementia, SD, n=13; and progressive non-fluent aphasia, PNFA, n=9); in comparison with controls (n=27). Diagnoses were based on international consensus criteria. Manual bilateral segmentation of the caudate nucleus and putamen was conducted blind to diagnosis by a single analyst, on MRI scans using a standardized protocol. Intracranial volume was calculated via a stereological point counting technique and was used for normalizing the shape analysis. Segmented binaries were analyzed using the Spherical Harmonic (SPHARM) Shape Analysis tools (University of North Carolina) to perform comparisons between FTLD subtypes and controls for global shape difference, local significance maps and mean magnitude maps of shape displacement. Shape analysis revealed that there was significant shape difference between FTLD subtypes and controls, consistent with the predicted frontostriatal dysfunction and of significant magnitude, as measured by displacement maps. These differences were not significant for SD compared to controls; lesser for PNFA compared to controls; whilst FTD showed a more specific pattern in regions relaying fronto- and corticostriatal circuits. Shape analysis shows regional specificity of atrophy, manifest as shape deflation, with a differential between FTLD subtypes, compared to controls.
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| 3. |
- Regnell, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Cellulose Fiber Sediment Methyl Mercury Levels to Organic Matter Decay and Major Element Composition.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447. ; 43:7, s. 878-890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methylation of mercury (Hg) to highly toxic methyl Hg (MeHg), a process known to occur when organic matter (OM) decomposition leads to anoxia, is considered a worldwide threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. We measured temporal and spatial variations in sediment MeHg, total Hg (THg), and major elements in a freshwater lagoon in Sweden polluted with Hg-laden cellulose fibers. Fiber decomposition, confined to a narrow surface layer, resulted in loss of carbon (C), uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), and increased MeHg levels. Notably, fiber decomposition and subsequent erosion of fiber residues will cause buried contaminants to gradually come closer to the sediment-water interface. At an adjacent site where decomposed fiber accumulated, there was a gain in C and a loss of S when MeHg increased. As evidenced by correlation patterns and vertical chemical profiles, reduced S may have fueled C-fixation and Hg methylation at this site.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of MicroRNA-125a Promotes Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Viability through an Antiapoptotic Mechanism.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0135 .- 1018-1172. ; 51:3, s. 239-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microRNA-125a (miR-125a) is highly expressed in endothelial cells, but its role in vascular biology is not known. Endothelial cell proliferation and viability play an important role in endothelial healing, and we hypothesize that miR-125a regulates this process. The aim of the present study was to investigate if miR-125a controls human endothelial cell proliferation, viability and endothelial healing, and to assess the mechanisms involved. We showed that overexpression of miR-125a by transfection with miR-125a mimic reduced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and viability, and stimulated apoptosis as demonstrated by a miR-125a-induced increase of the proportion of annexin V-positive cells monitored by flow cytometry. Moreover, we showed that the miR-125a mimic downregulated the antiapoptotic Bcl2 protein and upregulated caspase 3, suggesting that these two proteins represent molecular targets for miR-125a. Accordingly, transfection with miR-125a inhibitor, downregulating miR-125a expression, promoted HUVEC proliferation and viability, and reduced apoptosis. Importantly, transfection with miR-125a inhibitor promoted HUVEC tube formation in Matrigel, suggesting that reduction of miR-125a has a proangiogenic effect. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-125a through local transfection with miR-125a inhibitor might be a new way to enhance endothelial cell proliferation and viability, thereby promoting the reendothelialization observed in response to intimal injury. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 5. |
- Säll, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 alters human osteoblast Ca2+ handling and induces Ca2+-independent apoptosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Innate Immunity. - : S. Karger. - 1662-811X .- 1662-8128. ; 3:5, s. 290-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 has, besides its antimicrobial properties, also been shown to regulate apoptosis in a cell type-specific manner. Mechanisms involved in LL-37-regulated apoptotic signaling are not identified. Here, we show that LL-37 reduces the human osteoblast-like MG63 cell number and cell viability in the micromolar concentration range with an IC50 value of about 5 µM. Treatment with 4 µM LL-37 increased the number of annexin V-positive cells and stimulated activation of caspase 3 showing that LL-37 promotes apoptosis. Treatment with 4 µM LL-37 caused an acute and sustained rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration assessed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy of Fluo-4-AM-loaded MG63 cells. LL-37 increased Ca(2+) also in the presence of the respective L- and T-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel blockers nifedipine and NiCl2. LL-37 had no effect on Ca(2+) in cells incubated with Ca(2+)-free solution. LL-37 (4 and 8 µM) reduced the MG63 cell number both in the presence and absence of Ca(2+) in the medium. In conclusion, LL-37 reduces the osteoblast cell number by promoting apoptosis, and furthermore, LL-37 stimulates Ca(2+) inflow via a mechanism independent of voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels. Interestingly, LL-37-induced lowering of the cell number seems to be mediated via a mechanism independent of Ca(2+).
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| 6. |
- Aidoukovitch, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Strontium chloride promotes cell proliferation in a human osteoblast cell line
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Strontium ranelate (SrRan) is the active component of drugs currently used for reducing the risk of fractures in patients suffering from osteoporosis. Despite extensive use, the underlying mechanisms of action of Sr2+ are not fully understood. In the present study, we assess the impact of SrCl2 on human osteoblast activity and proliferation. Cultures of the human osteoblast-like cell line MG63 were treated for 72 h in presence of 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM SrCl2 or vehicle, used in control groups. Cells were counted manually using a Bürker chamber. Total protein content was determined by colorimetric analysis performed by a microplate reader using Bio-Rad protein assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined enzymatically and normalized to total protein content in each sample. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Treatment with 5 mM SrCl2 for 72 h enhanced total MG63 cell protein content by 37% compared to controls (p<0.01). A lower concentration (0.1 mM) of SrCl2 had no effect on total protein. Incubation with 5 mM SrCl2 for 72 h increased MG63 cell number by 38% compared to controls (p<0.001). The SrCl2-induced increase in cell number was associated with enhanced (+14% compared to controls, p<0.05) cell viability. Treatment with a higher concentration (10 mM) of SrCl2 enhanced cell number similar to 5 mM SrCl2 (+54% compared to controls, p<0.05). Treatment with 0.1 or 5 mM SrCl2 for 72 h had no effect (p>0.05) on MG63 cell ALP activity, while 1 mM SrCl2 reduced ALP activity as well as total protein content by about 25% compared to controls (p<0.05). The current results demonstrate that treatment with SrCl2 for 72 h, at concentrations higher than 1 mM promotes cell proliferation in human osteoblast-like cells, suggesting that Sr2+ may enhance bone formation through this mechanism.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Aronson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Ulv i Skandinavia : Statusrapport for vinteren 2009-2010
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The wolves in Sweden and Norway are members of a joint Scandinavian wolf population. In a combined Swedish-Norwegian monitoring project, wolves on the Scandinavian Peninsula were located and counted during the winter of 2009-2010. In Sweden, County administrative boards perform the fieldwork and collection of field data (snow-tracking, DNA-samples), whereas the Wildlife Damage Center (VSC) at Grimsö Research Station was responsible for evaluating and summarizing the results of the wolf monitoring. In Norway, wolf biologists at Hedmark University College and a genetist at Rovdata (Trondheim) in cooperation with the Norwegian Nature Inspectorate (SNO) were responsible for the monitoring of resident and non-resident wolves, respectively. Furthermore, cooperative wolf pack monitoring has been carried out in Fennoscandia in collaboration with Finland. A large number of volunteers and organizations such as hunting associations in both countries and the Swedish Carnivore Association also report observations and participate in wolf monitoring activities. The estimated number of wolves in Scandinavia is mainly based on long distances of ground tracking on snow, but also by radio-telemetry and DNA-analysis. The estimate was restricted to the period of October 1, 2009 – February 28, 2010. To guarantee the quality of the reports used, the majority have been checked in the field by the project, or by other personnel with experience of ground tracking wolves on snow. Wolves were classified as 1) family groups (packs), 2) scent-marking pairs, 3) other resident wolves, or 4) other wolves. The results were presented as minimum-maximum numbers where the minimum was exclusively based on confirmed field-checked reports, while the maximum also included other reports. A total of 252-291 wolves were estimated on the Scandinavian Peninsula during the 2009-2010 winter. Among these, 28 packs included 165-175 wolves, and 44-49 wolves belonged to 21-24 scent-marking pairs. The majority of the wolves (186-215) were located in Sweden. Of the 33-39 wolves restricted to Norway, 21-23 were members of 3 packs, 6 were scent-marking pair members, none were classified as “other resident wolves”, and 6-10 were classified as “other wolves”. Areas were utilized on both sides of the national border between Sweden and Norway by 33-37 resident wolves. Successful reproduction in the spring of 2009 was confirmed in 26 of the Scandinavian wolf territories. Among these, 19 litters were born in Sweden, 4 litters was born in a transboundary packs, and 3 litters grew up in Norway. In 2009, two Finnish-Russian male wolves reproduced for the second time, one litter in Sweden (the Galven territory) and one in Norway (the Kynna territory). In Finland, during the winter 2009-10, a total of 76-78 wolves in 15 packs were estimated to have exclusively Finnish territories. In addition 72-74 wolves were pack members within 13 territories across the Finnish-Russian border
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| 10. |
- Aronson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Ulv i Skandinavia : statusrapport for vinteren 2010-2011
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The wolves in Sweden and Norway are members of a joint Scandinavian wolf population. In a combined Swedish-Norwegian monitoring project, wolves on the Scandinavian Peninsula were located and counted during the winter of 2010-2011. In Sweden, County administrative boards perform the fieldwork and collection of field data (snow-tracking, DNA-samples), whereas the Wildlife Damage Center (VSC) at Grimsö Research Station was responsible for evaluating and summarizing the results of the wolf monitoring. In Norway, wolf biologists at Hedmark University College and a genetist at Rovdata (Trondheim) in cooperation with the Norwegian Nature Inspectorate (SNO) were responsible for the monitoring of resident and non-resident wolves, respectively. Furthermore, cooperative wolf pack monitoring has been carried out in Fennoscandia in collaboration with Finland. A large number of volunteers and organizations such as hunting associations in both countries and the Swedish Carnivore Association also report observations and participate in wolf monitoring activities. The estimated number of wolves in Scandinavia is mainly based on long distances of ground tracking on snow, but also by DNA-analysis and radio-telemetry. The estimate was restricted to the period of October 1, 2010 – February 28, 2011. To guarantee the quality of the reports used, the majority have been checked in the field by the project, or by other personnel with experience of ground tracking wolves on snow. Wolves were classified as 1) family groups (packs), 2) scent-marking pairs, 3) other resident wolves, or 4) other wolves. The results were presented as minimum-maximum numbers where the minimum was exclusively based on confirmed field-checked reports, while the maximum also included other reports. A total of 289-325 wolves were estimated on the Scandinavian Peninsula during the 2010-2011 winter. Among these, 31 packs included 183-189 wolves, and 57-61 wolves belonged to 27-30 scent-marking pairs. The majority of the wolves (235-266) were located in Sweden, of which 149-154 were members of 25 packs, 43-44 lived in 20-22 scent-marking pairs, 4 were classified as “other resident wolves”, and 39-64 were classified as “other wolves”. Of the 32-34 wolves restricted to Norway, 18-19 were members of 3 packs, 8 were scent-marking pair members, one was classified as “other resident wolves”, and 5-6 were classified as “other wolves”. Another 22-25 resident wolves lived in 6-7 packs or scent-marking pairs in territories covering areas on both sides of the Swedish-Norwegian border. Successful reproduction in spring 2010 was confirmed in 31 of the Scandinavian wolf territories. Among these, 25 litters were born in Sweden, 3 litters were born in transboundary packs, and 3 litters grew up in Norway. In 2010, two Finnish-Russian male wolves reproduced for the third time, one litter in Sweden (the Galven territory) and one in Norway (the Kynna territory). In Finland, during the winter 2010-11, a total of 48 wolves in 8 packs were estimated to have exclusively Finnish territories. In addition 59-64 wolves were pack members within 11 territories across the Finnish-Russian border
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