| 1091. |
- Weisner, Stefan E.B., et al.
(författare)
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Combating eutrophication and biodiversity loss in Sweden : importance of constructed wetlands in the agricultural landscape
- 2007
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Ingår i: Multifunctions of wetland systems. - Padua : PAN. - 9788890294808 ; , s. 60-61
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The results of this evaluation show that constructed wetlands in the agricultural landscape are capable of a substantial reduction of the nutrient transport to downstream recipients, but only if properly located. These wetlands will also contribute to an increased biodiversity even if not planned primarily for this purpose. The use of wetlands for multiple functions needs to be developed to motivate large-scale wetland construction.
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| 1092. |
- Welch, Johanna E, et al.
(författare)
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Single chain fragment anti-heparan sulfate antibody targets the polyamine transport system and attenuates polyamine-dependent cell proliferation.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439. ; 32:4, s. 749-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth-promoting polyamines are polybasic compounds that efficiently enter cancer cells by as yet incompletely defined mechanisms. Strategies to inhibit their internalization may have important implications in the management of tumor disease. Here, we show that cellular binding and uptake of polyamines are inhibited by a single chain variable fragment anti-heparan sulfate (HS) antibody. Polyamine uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and was associated with compensatory up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), i.e. the key enzyme of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Conversely, depletion of intracellular polyamines by the specific ODC-inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) resulted in increased cellular binding of polyamine and anti-HS antibody. Importantly, anti-HS antibody also efficiently targeted DFMO-induced polyamine uptake, and combined polyamine biosynthesis inhibition by DFMO, and uptake inhibition by anti-HS antibody attenuated tumor cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, cell-surface HS proteoglycan is a relevant target for antibody-mediated inhibition of the uptake of polyamines, and polyamine-dependent cell proliferation.
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| 1093. |
- Wennström, Berith, et al.
(författare)
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Being Caught in a Vicious Circle : An Interview Study of Individuals Suffering From Grade II–IV Hiatal Hernia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology Nursing. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1042-895X .- 1538-9766. ; 46:6, s. 489-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large paraesophageal hernias are related to life-threatening complications that warrant immediate surgery. Whether the long-standing chronic symptoms related to the disease in individuals without hernia incarceration motivate surgical treatment is still a subject for discussion. The aim of this study was to explore how individuals suffering from Grade II–IV hiatal hernia describe their symptoms and health, as well as how the disease affects their life. Semistructured interviews were performed with 22 individuals planning to undergo surgery for a large paraesophageal hernia. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and resulted in one main theme “Being caught in a vicious circle” and six subthemes “Distressing and uncertain times,” “The symptoms have seized control over my health,” “Loss of energy and strength,” “Strategies for managing daily life,” “Loss of social life,” and “Moments of hope despite failing health.” Central to the participants’ descriptions is their commitment to strategies for managing the ever-present and unpredictable symptoms that have seized control over their health. They were trapped in a hopeless and isolated existence, that is, a vicious circle, from which they were unable to escape. Despite the low incidence of volvulus and incarceration, the symptom burden and effect on general health motivate treatment in these individuals.
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| 1094. |
- Wennström, Berith, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' Experiences of Health after Surgical Treatment for Paraesophageal Hernia Grades III and IV : An Interview Based Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology Nursing. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1042-895X .- 1538-9766.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgery is the only available treatment for the longstanding chronic symptoms associated with large paraesophageal hernias except for reflux disease. The aim of this study was to illuminate how patients who previously suffered from grade III-IV hiatal hernia experience their life and health 2-6 months after surgery. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with 17 patients who received elective laparoscopic hernia repair for a large paraesophageal hernia. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, resulting in three main themes: "Experiences of health,""Being unable to leave the disease behind,"and "Still feeling unwell"and seven subthemes: "Escaping suffering"; "Learning to interpret bodily signals"; "Looking to the future with confidence"; "Finding oneself in a vicious circle of worry"; "The fear of relapse as a constant companion"; "Lingering disabling symptoms,"and "New and frightening symptoms."Our study demonstrates large individual variations in the way patients experience their life and health after laparoscopic hernia repair. Central to the patients' descriptions is that simply feeling physically healthy is insufficient for achieving overall health. Health care personnel can benefit from learning about patients' experiences of health and suffering after surgery.
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| 1095. |
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| 1096. |
- Wikberg, Per, 1964-
(författare)
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Eliciting Knowledge from Experts in Modeling of Complex Systems : Managing Variation and Interactions
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thematic core of the thesis is about how to manage modeling procedures in real settings. The view taken in this thesis is that modeling is a heuristic tool to outline a problem, often conducted in a context of a larger development process. Examples of applications, in which modeling are used, include development of software and business solutions, design of experiments etc. As modeling often is used in the initial phase of such processes, then there is every possibility of failure, if initial models are false or inaccurate. Modeling often calls for eliciting knowledge from experts. Access to relevant expertise is limited, and consequently, efficient use of time and sampling of experts is crucial. The process is highly interactive, and data are often of qualitative nature rather than quantitative. Data from different experts often vary, even if the task is to describe the same phenomenon. As with quantitative data, this variation between data sources can be treated as a source of error as well as a source of information. Irrespective of specific modeling technique, variation and interaction during the model development process should be possible to characterize in order to estimate the elicited knowledge in terms of correctness and comprehensiveness. The aim of the thesis is to explore a methodological approach on how to manage such variations and interactions. Analytical methods tailored for this purpose have the potential to impact on the quality of modeling in the fields of application. Three studies have been conducted, in which principles for eliciting, controlling, and judging the modeling procedures were explored. The first one addressed the problem of how to characterize and handle qualitative variations between different experts, describing the same modeling object. The judgment approach, based on a subjective comparison between different expert descriptions, was contrasted with a criterion-based approach, using a predefined structure to explicitly estimate the degree of agreement. The results showed that much of the basis for the amalgamation of models used in the judgment-approach was concealed, even if a structured method was used to elicit the criteria for the independent experts’ judgment. In contrast, by using the criterion-based approach the nature of the variation was possible to characterize explicitly. In the second study, the same approach was used to characterize variation between, as well as within, different modeling objects, analogical to a one-way statistical analysis of variance. The results of the criterion-based approach indicated a substantial difference between the two modeling subjects. Variances within each of the modeling tasks were about the same and lower than the variance between modeling tasks. The result supports the findings from the first study and indicates that the approach can be generalized as a way of comparing modeling tasks. The third study addressed the problem of how to manage the interaction between experts in team modeling. The aim was to explore the usability of an analytical method with on-line monitoring of the team communication. Could the basic factors of task, participants, knowledge domains, communication form, and time be used to characterize and manipulate team modeling? Two contrasting case studies of team modeling were conducted. The results indicated that the taxonomy of the suggested analytical method was sensitive enough to capture the distinctive communication patterns for the given task conditions. The results also indicate that an analytical approach can be based on the relatively straightforward task of counting occurrences, instead of the relatively more complex task of establish sequences of occurrence.
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| 1097. |
- Wikström, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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When does self-control matter? The interaction between morality and self-control in crime causation
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 7:5, s. 395-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we will test one of the key assumptions of Situational Action Theory: that individuals’ (law-relevant) morality is more fundamental to their crime involvement than their ability to exercise self-control. We specifically hypothesize that, for individuals with a strong morality, their capability to exercise self-control plays less of a role in their crime involvement than it does for individuals with a weak morality, whose capability to exercise self-control may substantially influence their engagement in crime. To test this hypothesis we use data from the Peterborough Youth Study (PYS), a cross-sectional survey of 1957 adolescents aged 14—15 from the UK city of Peterborough. The findings support the main hypothesis: young people with a strong (law-relevant) morality do not engage in crime, regardless of their ability to exercise self-control. However, among those with a weaker (law-relevant) morality, their ability to exercise self-control is an important factor in their crime involvement.
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| 1098. |
- Wikström, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Why are English youths more violent than Swedish youths? A comparative study of the role of crime propensity, lifestyles and their interactions in two cities
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 5:3, s. 309-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most cross-national studies of crime and violence explore variation in levels of crime without empirically addressing the causes of these variations. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of the situational action theory of crime causation (e.g. Wikström 2006), in this study we aim to explore and test whether the difference in levels of violence among young people in England and Sweden can be explained (fully or partly) by country differences in young people's crime propensities and lifestyles and their interaction. To achieve this we use data from the English Peterborough Youth Study and the Swedish Eskilstuna Youth Study. The findings show that in both cities (1) young people's self-reported violent behaviour is predicted by crime propensity and lifestyle, and their interaction, and (2) a substantial proportion (40 percent) of the difference in the level of violence vanishes when taking into account national differences in young people's crime propensity and lifestyles. We conclude that the findings support the notion that one major cause of the difference in the level of violence among young people in England and Sweden is that more young people in England have a higher crime propensity and are living criminogenic lifestyles than in Sweden.
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| 1099. |
- Wilhelmsson, Susan, 1949-
(författare)
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Psychosocial working conditions among general practitioners and district nurses : Organisational, professional and gender aspects
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the psychosocial working conditions shared by general practitioners and district nurses in Sweden, in relation to the personal doctor reform and district nurses' right to prescribe drugs.First, a questionnaire was compiled and developed through a stepwise development phase, including key informant interviews, literature review, and review of other models and questionnaires used with a similar purpose. The questionnaire developed was used in a pilot study with 42 general practitioners and 39 district nurses. The questionnaire with 78 items in different parts, was tested for construct validity through factor analysis, and for reliability through Cronbach's alpha. It was then used in the main study.One aim was also to compare perceived changes in working conditions between general practitioners and district nurses during different degrees of implementation of a personal doctor system. A sample of 469 general practitioners and 466 district nurses participated. The cross-sectional design makes it difficult to distinguish the possible direct effects of a personal doctor from other regional differences. However, is it important to note that the personnel in a more far-reaching personal doctor system perceived less favourable psychosocial working conditions than personnel in a more traditional primary care system.Another aim was to investigate gender and professional differences in the shared psychosocial working conditions. Both general practitioners and district nurses were satisfied with the professional content of their work and experienced rather low or moderate levels of strains -and symptoms. However, female general practitioners perceived the most unfavourable working conditions compared with both male colleagues and female district nurses.The opinions among general practitioners and district nurses, to district nurses' right to prescribe drugs differed in all aspects studied. District nurses were positive and general practitioners negative. To gain a deeper understanding of the different opinions, six focus group interviews was carried out. The resistance to the refonn had turned into silence. General practitioners and district nurses hardly speak to each other about prescribing. The district nurses were uncertain whether the general practitioners trusted them and made up systems for self-control.The personnel within a more far-reaching personal doctor system perceived less-favourable psychosocial working conditions compared with personnel in more traditional primary care system. Female general practitioners seem to experience the most unfavourable working conditions. compared with both their male counterparts, and female district nurses. District nurses prescribing highlights professional differences. Quantitative and qualitative data complement each other and give more diverse information.
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| 1100. |
- Wilking, N., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up of the SBG 9401 study comparing tailored FEC-based therapy versus marrow-supported high-dose therapy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 18:4, s. 694-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose was to investigate adjuvant marrow-supportive high-dose chemotherapy compared with an equitoxicity-tailored comparator arm. Patients and methods: Five hundred and twenty-five women below theage of 60 years with operated high-risk primary breast cancer were randomised to nine cycles of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor supported and individually tailored FEC (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), (n = 251) or standard FEC followed by marrow-supported high-dose therapy with CTCb (cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, carboplatin) therapy (n = 274), followed by locoregional radiotherapy and tamoxifen for 5 years. Results: There were 104 breast cancer relapses in the tailored FEC group versus 139 in the CTCb group (double triangular method by Whitehead, P = 0.046), with a median follow-up of all included patients of 60.8 months. The event-free survival demonstrated 121 and 150 events in the tailored FEC- and CTCb group, respectively [P = 0.074, hazard ratio (HR) 0.804, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.633-1.022]. Ten patients in the tailored FEC regimen developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)/myelodysplasia (MDS). One hundred deaths occurred in the tailored FEC group and 121 in the CTCb group (P = 0.287, HR 0.866, 95% CI 0.665-1.129). Conclusion: The update of this study shows an improved outcome linked to the tailored FEC treatment in relation to breast cancer relapse, but also an increased incidence of AML/MDS. © 2007 Oxford University Press.
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