| 331. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 332. |
- Liu, Tang hong, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in aerodynamic effects when trains with different marshalling forms and lengths enter a tunnel
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0886-7798. ; 84, s. 70-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations were performed to simulate trains with different marshalling forms and lengths entering a tunnel. Three models, including a short train, a double train and a long train, were used to analyse the influence of the train configuration on the pressure variations during a train's passage. The results of the numerical predictions were validated against existing experimental data, with which they showed good agreement. The differences in the maximum pressure peak distribution and the pressure fluctuations were analysed by means of Mach diagrams. The results show that the grouping length exerts a considerable influence on the amplitude of the pressure on the train body and that the influence of the grouping length on the pressure variation on the tunnel wall varies with the location in the tunnel. The tunnel space can be divided into three and four zones with regard to the influences on the maximum positive and negative pressure values, respectively. The different marshalling forms also influence the maximum peak values and local profiles of the pressure history curves, although this influence is much slighter than that of the train's grouping length.
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| 333. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent dynamics of multi-spin V-B(-) center in hexagonal boron nitride
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently been demonstrated to contain optically polarized and detected electron spins that can be utilized for implementing qubits and quantum sensors in nanolayered-devices. Understanding the coherent dynamics ofmicrowave driven spins in hBN is of crucial importance for advancing these emerging new technologies. Here, we demonstrate and study the Rabi oscillation and related phenomena of a negatively charged boron vacancy (V-B(-)) spin ensemble in hBN. We report on different dynamics of the V-B(-) spins at weak and strong magnetic fields. In the former case the defect behaves like a single electron spin system, while in the latter case it behaves like a multi-spin system exhibiting multiple-frequency dynamical oscillation as beat in the Ramsey fringes. We also carry out theoretical simulations for the spin dynamics of V-B(-) and reveal that the nuclear spins can be driven via the strong electron nuclear coupling existing in V-B(-) center, which can be modulated by the magnetic field and microwave field.
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| 334. |
- Liu, Weihua, et al.
(författare)
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Pricing decision with conspicuous customers: quick responses versus value-added services
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 59:6, s. 1691-1713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to eliminate the negative effects of customer strategic behaviour, retailers often adopt quick response or value-added services. While in a luxury market with conspicuous customers, retailers pricing decisions of these two strategies become more complicated. This paper studies a supply chain with a retailer serving a mixture of conspicuous and ordinary strategic customers. We develop three models so that the retailer provides (i) neither quick response nor value-added services; (ii) only quick response; (iii) only value-added services. Subsequently, we analyse the impacts of conspicuous customers on quick response and value-added services by pricing and strategy comparisons. The model further extends to the situation including both strategies. The results show that, firstly, when the proportion is less than a threshold, the retailer should adopt a low price strategy, and vice versa. Besides, the quick response could induce the retailer to adopt high price while value-added services inhibit it. Secondly, the customer conspicuous behaviour can motivate retailers to provide quick response and inhibit their value-added services. Finally, by observing the retailers decisions when they can adopt two strategies simultaneously, we find that the existence of quick response can amplify the benefits of value-added services.
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| 335. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Slag Blended Cement Paste Carbonation under Different CO(2)Concentrations: Controls on Mineralogy and Morphology of Products
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 13:15, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the effect of different CO(2)concentrations on the carbonation results of slag blended cement pastes, carbonation experiments under natural (0.03% CO2) and accelerated conditions (3, 20, and 100% CO2) were investigated with various microscopic testing methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD),Si-29 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (Si-29 MAS NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results indicated that the major polymorphs of CaCO(3)after carbonation were calcite and vaterite. The values of the calcite/(aragonite + vaterite) (c/(a + v)) ratios were almost the same in all carbonation conditions. Additionally, NMR results showed that the decalcification degree of C-S-H gel exposed to 0.03% CO(2)was less than that exposed to accelerated carbonation; under accelerated conditions, it increased from 83.1 to 84.2% when the CO(2)concentration improved from 3% to 100%. In SEM observations, the microstructures after accelerated carbonation were denser than those under natural carbonation but showed minor differences between different CO(2)concentrations. In conclusion, for cement pastes blended with 20% slag, a higher CO(2)concentration (above 3%) led to products different from those produced under natural carbonation. A further increase in CO(2)concentration showed limited variation in generated carbonation products.
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| 336. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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XRD and( 29)Si MAS NMR study on carbonated cement paste under accelerated carbonation using different concentration of CO2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Today Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4928. ; 19:June, s. 464-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the chemical composition of cement pastes, exposed to accelerated carbonation using different concentration of CO2 (3%, 10%, 20%, 50%,100%), have been determined and compared with those of natural carbonation (0.03%). Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) and( 29)Si Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) were used for characterisation and quantitative analysis of the carbonated phases. The obtained QXRD results revealed that the complete carbonation was hardly attained. Calcite, aragonite and vaterite were in co-existence after accelerated carbonation, while vaterite was dominant. The preferential polymorphic precipitation of the three crystal forms of calcium carbonate was affected by the carbonation degree of C-S-H and the duration of the carbonation process, but not by the concentration of CO2. The NMR results indicated that C-S-H gel was strongly decalcified, and calcium modified silica gel was formed after carbonation. The C-S-H decalcification, under all the accelerated carbonation conditions, was clearly more pronounced than that under the natural carbonation conditions. When the concentration of CO2 was in the range of 3%-20%, the ratio of decalcified to remaining C-S-H was similar, in a range of 5-6, while under the higher concentration of CO2 this ratio was increased to > 8. Therefore, in consideration of both acceleration rate and measurement uncertainty, the higher concentration, up to 20%, of CO2 in an accelerated carbonation should be applicable.
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| 337. |
- Long, Feiwu, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation level on COVID-19 outcome: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exerted a profound influence on humans. Increasing evidence shows that immune response is crucial in influencing the risk of infection and disease severity. Observational studies suggest an association between COVID-19 and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation traits, but the causal relevance of these traits in COVID-19 susceptibility and severity remains controversial.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal association between 77 IgG N-glycosylation traits and COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and applying multiple methods including inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median. We also used Cochrans Q statistic and leave-one-out analysis to detect heterogeneity across each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Additionally, we used the MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and PhenoScanner tool to detect and remove SNPs with horizontal pleiotropy and to ensure the reliability of our results.ResultsWe found significant causal associations between genetically predicted IgG N-glycosylation traits and COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity. Specifically, we observed reduced risk of COVID-19 with the genetically predicted increased IgG N-glycan trait IGP45 (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.98; FDR = 0.019). IGP22 and IGP30 were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and severity. Two (IGP2 and IGP77) and five (IGP10, IGP14, IGP34, IGP36, and IGP50) IgG N-glycosylation traits were causally associated with a decreased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and severity, respectively. Sensitivity analyses did not identify any horizontal pleiotropy.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that genetically elevated IgG N-glycosylation traits may have a causal effect on diverse COVID-19 outcomes. Our findings have potential implications for developing targeted interventions to improve COVID-19 outcomes by modulating IgG N-glycosylation levels.
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| 338. |
- Loth, Daan W, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analysis identifies six new loci associated with forced vital capacity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46, s. 669-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forced vital capacity (FVC), a spirometric measure of pulmonary function, reflects lung volume and is used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases. We performed genome-wide association study meta-analysis of FVC in 52,253 individuals from 26 studies and followed up the top associations in 32,917 additional individuals of European ancestry. We found six new regions associated at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with FVC in or near EFEMP1, BMP6, MIR129-2-HSD17B12, PRDM11, WWOX and KCNJ2. Two loci previously associated with spirometric measures (GSTCD and PTCH1) were related to FVC. Newly implicated regions were followed up in samples from African-American, Korean, Chinese and Hispanic individuals. We detected transcripts for all six newly implicated genes in human lung tissue. The new loci may inform mechanisms involved in lung development and the pathogenesis of restrictive lung disease.
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| 339. |
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| 340. |
- Lu, Zhengdong, et al.
(författare)
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Supervised Link Prediction Using Multiple Sources
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). ; , s. 923-928
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Link prediction is a fundamental problem in social network analysis and modern-day commercial applications such as Facebook and Myspace. Most existing research approaches this problem by exploring the topological structure of a social network using only one source of information. However, in many application domains, in addition to the social network of interest, there are a number of auxiliary social networks and/or derived proximity networks available. The contribution of the paper is twofold: (1) a supervised learning framework that can effectively and efficiently learn the dynamics of social networks in the presence of auxiliary networks; (2) a feature design scheme for constructing a rich variety of path-based features using multiple sources, and an effective feature selection strategy based on structured sparsity. Extensive experiments on three real-world collaboration networks show that our model can effectively learn to predict new links using multiple sources, yielding higher prediction accuracy than unsupervised and singlesource supervised models.
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