| 41. |
- Johansen, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Ten-year mortality among older male recreational endurance athletes in the Birkebeiner Aging Study in comparison with older men from the Tromso Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - 0905-7188. ; 33:8, s. 1541-1551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced mortality. However, whether there is an added benefit of long-term endurance training is unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine 10-year mortality in older male endurance athletes compared with an older male general population.Method Male athletes (n = 503) participating in an annual long-distance ski race (median years of participation: 14, range: 1-53) from the Norwegian Birkebeiner Aging study (BiAS), and non-athletic men (n = 1867) attending the sixth Tromso Study (Tromso6) aged = 65 years were included. Associations with endurance sport practice and joint exposures of endurance sport practice and self-reported leisure-time PA with all-cause mortality were examined. We analyzed the data with Cox proportional hazard models and regression standardization.Results After 10 years (median: 10.4, range: 0.5-11.1) the mortality rate was lower in athletes (hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.49) compared with non-athletes, corresponding to a 15% (95% CI: 12-19%) absolute risk reduction associated with endurance sport practice. In joint analyses categorized according to PA and endurance sport practice, we observed an inverse dose-response relationship with mortality (p < 0.001). Compared to inactive non-athletes, PA was associated with lower mortality in both active non-athletes and athletes. However, the observed benefit among participants reporting moderate-to-vigorous PA was larger in athletes (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14-0.32) than non-athletes (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31-0.59) (p < 0.01).Conclusion Endurance sport practice was associated with reduced 10-year mortality, beyond the effect of PA in older men. This study suggests that long-term endurance sport practice maintained into older adulthood promotes longevity.
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| 42. |
- Johnson, Toby, et al.
(författare)
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Blood Pressure Loci Identified with a Gene-Centric Array.
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-6605 .- 0002-9297. ; 89:6, s. 688-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raised blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have identified 47 distinct genetic variants robustly associated with BP, but collectively these explain only a few percent of the heritability for BP phenotypes. To find additional BP loci, we used a bespoke gene-centric array to genotype an independent discovery sample of 25,118 individuals that combined hypertensive case-control and general population samples. We followed up four SNPs associated with BP at our p < 8.56× 10(-7) study-specific significance threshold and six suggestively associated SNPs in a further 59,349 individuals. We identified and replicated a SNP at LSP1/TNNT3, a SNP at MTHFR-NPPB independent (r(2) = 0.33) of previous reports, and replicated SNPs at AGT and ATP2B1 reported previously. An analysis of combined discovery and follow-up data identified SNPs significantly associated with BP at p < 8.56× 10(-7) at four further loci (NPR3, HFE, NOS3, and SOX6). The high number of discoveries made with modest genotyping effort can be attributed to using a large-scale yet targeted genotyping array and to the development of a weighting scheme that maximized power when meta-analyzing results from samples ascertained with extreme phenotypes, in combination with results from nonascertained or population samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcript expression data highlight potential gene regulatory mechanisms at the MTHFR and NOS3 loci. These results provide candidates for further study to help dissect mechanisms affecting BP and highlight the utility of studying SNPs and samples that are independent of those studied previously even when the sample size is smaller than that in previous studies.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Leong, Tora, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine independently predicts fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke in women : 24 year follow up of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. - 1079-5642. ; 28:5, s. 961-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) reduces nitric oxide by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our study examined the association of ADMA with CVD prospectively in a healthy population-based cohort of women. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured baseline ADMA of 880 women in the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg using high-performance liquid chromatography. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, creatinine clearance, and homocysteine using Cox models, the HR (95% CI in parentheses) of CVD end points at 24 years for a 0.15 micromol/L (1 SD) increase in ADMA were: all-cause mortality 1.12 (0.96, 1.32), fatal CVD 1.30 (1.04, 1.62), total CVD events 1.29 (1.09, 1.53). The top quintile (ADMA >or=0.71 micromol/L) compared with the bottom four-fifths, conferred a cumulative risk 22 versus 14%, relative risk 1.75 (95% CI 1.18, 2.59) and population attributable risk 12.7% of total CVD events, and further identified individuals who are at higher than expected risk based on the SCORE and Framingham systems. CONCLUSIONS: A 0.15 mumol/L increase in baseline ADMA levels is associated with approximately 30% increase in incident cardiovascular risk at 24 years in women after adjustment. ADMA levels >or=0.71 micromol/L enhances CVD risk assessment in women.
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| 46. |
- Lerang, K., et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and years of potential life loss in systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 23:14, s. 1546-1552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sources were used to identify 325 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients within the city of Oslo during 1999-2009 who met >= 4 of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. The survival, standard mortality rate (SMR), years of potential life loss before 60 years of age (YPLL60) and causes of death of these patients were examined and compared to a matched control population. Only inception cases (127) were studied in the calculation of survival. The analysis includes underlying, immediate and contributing causes of death. The five-and 10-year survival was 95% and 90%, respectively, which was significantly reduced when compared to the general population. A total of 50 SLE patients died during the study period. Overall SMR was 3.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-3.8) with the highest SMR found for female patients aged 16-39 years old. SLE patients had a 10 times higher rate of YPLL60 compared to the control group. YPLL emphasizes active disease and reduces the importance of cancer as a cause of death in SLE. This study demonstrates that YPLL gives additional and useful information for the prognosis of SLE, supplementing traditional methods of measuring mortality.
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| 47. |
- Lockheart, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary patterns, food groups and myocardial infarction: a case-control study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Br J Nutr. - 0007-1145. ; 98:2, s. 380-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain dietary patterns may be related to the risk of CVD. We hypothesised that a plant-centred dietary pattern would be associated with a reduced risk of first myocardial infarction (MI). A case-control study of Norwegian men and postmenopausal women (age 45-75 years) was performed. A FFQ was administered, generally within 3 d after incident MI (n 106 cases). Controls (n 105) were frequency matched on sex, age and geographic location. On the FFQ, 190 items were categorised into thirty-five food groups and an a priori healthy diet pattern score was created. We estimated OR using logistic regression with adjustment for energy intake, family history of heart disease, marital status, current smoking, education and age. Among food groups, the risk of MI was significantly higher per SD of butter and margarine (OR 1.66 (95 % CI 1.12, 2.46)), and lower per SD of tomatoes (OR 0.53 (95 % CI 0.35, 0.79)), high-fat fish (OR 0.57 (95 % CI 0.38, 0.86)), wine (OR 0.58 (95 % CI 0.41, 0.83)), salad (OR 0.59 (95 % CI 0.40, 0.87)), whole grain breakfast cereals (OR 0.64 (95 % CI 0.45, 0.90)), cruciferous vegetables (OR 0.66 (95 % CI 0.47, 0.93)) and non-hydrogenated vegetable oil (OR 0.68 (95 % CI 0.49, 0.95)). An abundance of cases were found to have a low a priori healthy diet pattern score. A dietary pattern emphasising nutrient-rich plant foods and high-fat fish and low in trans fatty acids was associated with decreased risk of MI among Norwegians.
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| 48. |
- Lund Håheim, L., et al.
(författare)
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Low levels of antibodies for the oral bacterium Tannerella forsythia predict cardiovascular disease mortality in men with myocardial infarction: A prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-9877. ; 138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody levels to periodontal pathogens in prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were explored using data from a health survey in Oslo in 2000 (Oslo II-study) with 12 1/2 years follow-up. IgG antibodies to four common periodontal pathogens; Tannerella forsythia (TF), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Treponema denticola (TD) all termed collectively the “red complex”, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) were analysed. The study sample consisted of 1172 men drawn from a cohort of 6,530 men who participated in the Oslo II-study, where they provided information on medical and dental history. Of the study sample, 548 men had reported prior myocardial infarction (MI) at baseline whereas the remaining 624 men were randomly drawn from the ostensibly healthy participants for comparative analyses. Dental anamnestic information included tooth extractions and oral infections. An inverse relation was found for trend by the quartile risk level of TF predicting CVD mortality, p-value for trend = 0.017. Comparison of the first to fourth quartile of TF antibodies resulted in hazard ratio (HR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.94, p = 0.015, adjusted for age, education, diabetes, daily smoking, and systolic blood pressure. Specificity comparing decile 1 to deciles 2–10 of TF predicting mortality was 92.3%. We found an increased HR by low levels of antibodies to the bacterium T. forsythia predicting CVD mortality in a 12 ½ years follow-up in persons who had experienced an MI but not among non-MI men. This novel finding constitutes a plausible causal link between oral infections and CVD mortality. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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| 49. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between alcohol and liver enzymes are modified by coffee, cigarettes, and overweight in a Swedish female population.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 57:3, s. 319-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine whether positive associations between alcohol and liver enzymes were modified by coffee consumption, smoking, or weight status in a female population. Regular consumption of beer, wine, and spirits was assessed in a representative cohort of 1462 Swedish women aged 38-60 in 1968, and re-assessed in 1974. In 1980, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartase transaminase (AST) were measured in 1130 women. Exposures were averaged over values obtained in 1968 and 1974. Multivariable linear regression linked total ethanol intake to log-transformed enzyme values, including interactions by coffee, smoking, and overweight in mutually adjusted models.Coffee consumption significantly modified the association between ethanol intake and liver enzymes. One g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 5.5 (3.5, 7.5)% higher values of GGT, and 1.2 (0.4, 2.1)% higher values of AST in women consuming 0-1 cups of coffee per day, while smaller or no effects were observed in women consuming ≥2 cups/day. Synergistic interactions were observed for ethanol and smoking, and for ethanol and overweight. Average alcohol-related effects on GGT in smokers and non-smokers were given by 3.8 (2.7, 4.9)% and 2.1 (0.9, 3.2)% per g ethanol/day, and by 0.9 (0.4, 1.4)% and 0.2 (-0.3, 0.7)% for AST. Similarly, in overweight women, 1g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 4.3 (3.0, 5.6)% higher GGT compared to 1.6 (0.7, 2.5)% in non-overweight women.The results suggest that coffee consumption reduces the enzyme-raising effect of ethanol in the presence of synergistic interactions with smoking and overweight, specifically in women.
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| 50. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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CETP TaqIB genotype modifies the association between alcohol and coronary heart disease: The INTERGENE case-control study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alcohol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-8329. ; 48:7, s. 695-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol consumption at moderate levels has been associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the cardio-protective effect of alcohol may be restricted to subjects with a particular genotype of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism. There is evidence for this from one study in men, but the finding has not been confirmed since. The present study specifically re-examines the potential modification of the association between alcohol consumption and CHD by the CETP TaqIB (rs708272) polymorphism in a sample including both men and women. The INTERGENE case-control study consists of 618 patients with CHD and 2921 control subjects, of whom 19% were homozygous for the CETP TaqIB B2 allele. Alcohol consumption was categorized into sex-specific tertiles of ethanol intake, with non-drinkers constituting a separate category. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between CHD with genotype, ethanol intake, and their interaction. Participants with intermediate ethanol intake (2nd tertile) had lower risk of CHD than those with low ethanol intake (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.50-0.85). The strongest protective association was seen in the CETP TaqIB B2 homozygotes for intermediate vs. low ethanol intake (odds ratio OR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.10-0.44). The interaction between ethanol intake and genotype was statistically significant (p = 0.008), and of similar size in men and women though significant only in men (p = 0.01). The effect modification could not be explained by differences in lifestyle, socioeconomics, or alcohol-related biological variables such as HDL-cholesterol. Our study is the first to replicate previous findings of an effect modification in men. It gives only suggestive results for women, possibly due to the small number of female cases (n = 165). The prevented fraction for the favorable combination of genotype and alcohol consumption is about 6%, a value suggesting that the cardio-protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption applies only to a small segment of the general population. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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