| 41. |
- Schwarz, Johanna F. A., et al.
(författare)
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Age affects sleep microstructure more than sleep macrostructure
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 26:3, s. 277-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that the quantity and quality of physiological sleep changes across age. However, so far the effect of age on sleep microstructure has been mostly addressed in small samples. The current study examines the effect of age on several measures of sleep macro- and microstructure in 211 women (22–71 years old) of the ‘Sleep and Health in Women’ study for whom ambulatory polysomnography was registered. Older age was associated with significantly lower fast spindle (effect size f2 = 0.32) and K-complex density (f2 = 0.19) during N2 sleep, as well as slow-wave activity (log) in N3 sleep (f2 = 0.21). Moreover, total sleep time (f2 = 0.10), N3 sleep (min) (f2 = 0.10), rapid eye movement sleep (min) (f2 = 0.11) and sigma (log) (f2 = 0.05) and slow-wave activity (log) during non-rapid eye movement sleep (f2 = 0.09) were reduced, and N1 sleep (f2 = 0.03) was increased in older age. No significant effects of age were observed on slow spindle density, rapid eye movement density and beta power (log) during non-rapid eye movement sleep. In conclusion, effect sizes indicate that traditional sleep stage scoring may underestimate age-related changes in sleep.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Silverforsen, D., et al.
(författare)
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Snoring and environmental exposure: results from the Swedish GA2LEN study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveHabitual snoring is associated with fatigue, headaches and low work performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate if snoring is affected by environmental factors such as home dampness and exposure to air pollution.SettingGeneral population sample from four Swedish cities.Participants25 848 participants from the Swedish part of the epidemiological Global Asthma and Allergy and European network of excellence study carried out in 2008. The participants completed a postal questionnaire on snoring and, indoor and outdoor environmental exposure as well as potential confounders including smoking, weight, height and educational level.ResultsOf the participants, 4211 (16.3%) were habitual snorers. Habitual snorers reported water damage (8.3% vs 7.0% p<0.0001), floor dampness (4.6% vs 3.8% % p<0.0001) and visible mould (5.2% vs 3.8% p<0.0001) in their homes more often than non-snorers. Habitual snorers stated being annoyed by air pollution more often than non-snorers with habitual snorers reporting being irritated with the air in their residential area to a higher extent (sometimes 16.2% vs 13.9%, and daily 4.6% vs 3.1%) as well as annoyance from traffic fumes (somewhat 19% vs 18.5% and very 5% vs 3.6%) (p<0.0001). These results remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking history and educational level.ConclusionSnoring is more prevalent in subjects reporting home dampness and air pollution. These association should be confirmed in further research using objective measurements and a longitudinal approach.
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| 44. |
- Spörndly-Nees, Sören, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure-time physical activity predicts complaints of snoring in women : a prospective cohort study over 10 years
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 15:4, s. 415-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the impact of self-reported physical activity on incidence and remission of snoring complaints in women.MethodsA population-based sample of 4851 women aged >20 years responded to questionnaires in years 2000 and 2010. Based on the responses, the women were categorized into low, medium, or high level of physical activity at baseline and at follow-up.ResultsThe prevalence of habitual snoring complaints increased from 7.6% at baseline to 9.2% in 2010 (P<.0001). After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), waist and neck circumference, weight gain, smoking status, alcohol dependence, and snoring status at baseline, reported physical activity level at baseline had a protective effect on habitual snoring complaints at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals]) for complaints of habitual snoring was 0.7 (0.5–0.9) for the reported medium physical activity level and 0.5 (0.4–0.8) for the high activity level. When subdividing the population by changes in reported physical activity level over the follow-up period, an increase in physical activity was followed by a decrease in the complaint of snoring. Similarly a high level of reported physical activity only had a protective effect on snoring in participants who remained at a high or medium level.ConclusionsA low level of self-reported physical activity is a risk factor for future habitual snoring complaints in women, independent of weight, weight gain, alcohol dependence, and smoking. Increased physical activity can modify the risk.
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| 45. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage : a nationwide cohort of 950 000 adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:6, s. 2018-2025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium.METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at baseline, from 21 population-based cohorts. Outcomes were obtained from the Swedish Patient and Causes of Death Registries.RESULTS: During 13 704 959 person-years of follow-up, 2659 cases of first-ever fatal or non-fatal SAH occurred, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4-10.6)/100 000 person-years] in men and 13.8 [(11.4-16.2)/100 000 person-years] in women. The incidence rate increased exponentially with higher age. In multivariable-adjusted Poisson models, marked sex interactions for current smoking and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Current smoking conferred a rate ratio (RR) of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.57) in women and 1.62 (1.47-1.79) in men. One standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an RR of 0.86 (0.81-0.92) in women and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) in men. Higher blood pressure and lower education level were also associated with higher risk of SAH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SAH is 45% higher in women than in men, with substantial sex differences in risk factor strengths. In particular, a markedly stronger adverse effect of smoking in women may motivate targeted public health initiatives.
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| 46. |
- Svartengren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function : results of the EpiHealth study
- 2020
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objectives: Obesity is often associated with lower lung function; however, the interaction of lung function with central obesity and physical inactivity is less clear. As such, we investigated the effect on lung function of body size (body mass index (BMI)), central obesity (waist circumference (WC)) and self-reported physical activity.Methods: Lung function, height, weight and WC were measured in 22 743 participants (12 791 women), aged 45-75 years, from the EpiHealth cohort study. Physical activity, gender and educational level were assessed using a questionnaire.Results: Obesity, central obesity and physical inactivity were all associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). However, in participants without central obesity there was an increase in both FEV1 and FVC by BMI (% predicted FVC increasing from median 98%, interquartile range (IQR) 89-110% in underweight participants (BMI <20) to 103%, IQR 94-113% in obese participants (BMI ≥30)). In contrast, there was a decrease in % predicted FVC in participants with central obesity (from 98%, IQR 89-109% in the normal weight group to 95%, IQR 85-105% in the obese weight group). We further found a negative association between physical activity and lung function among those with low and high levels of physical activity (% predicted FEV1 97%, IQR 86-107% versus 103%, IQR 94-113%, respectively and % predicted FVC 96%, IQR 85-106% versus 103%, IQR 94-113%, respectively). All results remained when calculated by z-scores.Conclusions: The association between BMI and lung function is dependent on the presence of central obesity. Independent of obesity, there is an association between physical activity and lung function.
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| 47. |
- Svensson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Daytime sleepiness relates to snoring independent of the apnea-hypopnea index in women from the general population
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 134:5, s. 919-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the significance of snoring and sleep apnea on daytime symptoms in a population-based sample of women. METHOD: From the general population, 400 women aged 20 to 70 years were randomly selected, with oversampling of habitually snoring women. The women were investigated using full-night polysomnography and a questionnaire. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was calculated, and women who acknowledged snoring loudly and disturbingly often or very often were considered habitual snorers. RESULTS: Habitual snoring was independently related to excessive daytime sleepiness (odds ratio [OR], 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 3.99), to falling asleep involuntarily during the day (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.21), to waking up unrefreshed (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.52), to daytime fatigue (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.54 to 4.99), and to a dry mouth on awakening (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.27) after adjustment for AHI, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, total sleep time, percentage of slow-wave sleep, and percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. An AHI > or = 15/h was only related to a dry mouth on awakening after adjustment for snoring, age, BMI, smoking, total sleep time, percentage of slow-wave sleep, and percentage of REM sleep (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.14 to 4.40). An AHI of 5 to 15/h was not related to any daytime symptom. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive daytime sleepiness and daytime fatigue are related to habitual snoring independent of the apnea-hypopnea frequency, age, obesity, smoking, and sleep parameters in a population-based sample of women, but not to the AHI. This indicates that snoring is an independent cause of excess daytime sleepiness and not merely a proxy for sleep apnea.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Measures of Arterial Stiffness
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (JCSM). - : AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE. - 1550-9389 .- 1550-9397. ; 15:2, s. 201-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether severity measures of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with arterial stiffness and central blood pressure (two important cardiovascular risk factors) in a large group of patients with OSA. Methods: Baseline data from six studies on OSA in which arterial stiffness and central aortic blood pressure measures were determined using applanation tonometry were pooled. Associations between measures of arterial stiffness (heart rate corrected augmentation index [AI75]), central aortic blood pressure (central systolic pressure [CSP] and heart rate corrected central augmentation pressure [CAP75]) and measures of OSA severity were explored using stepwise regression modelling. Results: Data from 362 participants (M:F ratio 13:1) with mean (standard deviation) age 49.2 (11.0) years, body mass index 31.9 (5.3) kg/m(2), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 35.7 (20.7) events/h were included in the analyses. The AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI3%), and sleep time with SpO(2) < 90% (T90) were all associated with arterial stiffness (AI75), (AHI: adj. beta = .069; P = .01; ODI3%: adj. beta = .072; P = .01; T90: adj. beta = .18; P < .0001) and CAP75 (AHI: adj. beta = .030; P = .01; ODI3%: adj. beta = .027; P = .02; T90: adj. beta = .080; P < .0001). AHI was also associated with CSP (AHI: adj. beta = .11; P = .002). Conclusion: OSA severity was significantly associated with augmentation index and CAP75 although the relationships were not strong.
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| 50. |
- Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between short sleep duration and central obesity in women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sleep. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 33:5, s. 593-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Central obesity is closely related to morbidity. Finding potentially modifiable risk factors is important. The aim was to assess associations between sleep duration and central obesity in women. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional sample of 400 women (range 20-70 years) in Uppsala, Sweden was investigated by full-night polysomnography and measurement of anthropometric variables. Results: Sleep duration was inversely related to both waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter. A mean difference of 9 cm in waist circumference (p<0.0001) and 3 cm in sagittal abdominal diameter (p<0.0001) was observed between women sleeping <5 hours and women sleeping ≥8 hours. Sleep duration remained inversely related to waist circumference (adj. β= -1.22 cm/h; p=0.0023) and sagittal abdominal diameter (adj. β= -0.46 cm/h; p=0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Duration of slow-wave sleep (SWS, adj. β= -0.58 cm/min; p=0.025) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (adj. β= -0.62 cm/min; p=0.002) were both inversely related to waist circumference. Moreover, duration of REM sleep was inversely related to sagittal abdominal diameter (adj. β= -0.021 cm/min; p<0.0001). These associations were stronger in young women (age <50 years). Conclusion: An inverse relationship between short sleep duration and central obesity was found in women after adjusting for confounders. Loss of SWS and REM sleep may be contributing factors to the development of central obesity. By increasing the duration and quality of sleep, central obesity in women may be reduced.
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