| 51. |
- Krmpot, Aleksandar J., et al.
(författare)
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Functional Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging : Quantitative Scanning-Free Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy for the Characterization of Fast Dynamic Processes in Live Cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 91:17, s. 11129-11137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional fluorescence microscopy imaging (fFMI), a time-resolved (21 mu s/frame) confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging technique without scanning, is developed for quantitative characterization of fast reaction-transport processes in solution and in live cells. The method is based on massively parallel fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Simultaneous excitation of fluorescent molecules in multiple spots in the focal plane is achieved using a diffractive optical element (DOE). Fluorescence from the DOE-generated 1024 illuminated spots is detected in a confocal arrangement by a matching matrix detector comprising 32 x 32 single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs). Software for data acquisition and fast auto- and cross-correlation analysis by parallel signal processing using a graphic processing unit (GPU) allows temporal autocorrelation across all pixels in the image frame in 4 s and cross-correlation between first- and second-order neighbor pixels in 45 s. We present here this quantitative, time-resolved imaging method with single-molecule sensitivity and demonstrate its usefulness for mapping in live cell location-specific differences in the concentration and translational diffusion of molecules in different subcellular compartments. In particular, we show that molecules without a specific biological function, e.g., the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), exhibit uniform diffusion. In contrast, molecules that perform specialized biological functions and bind specifically to their molecular targets show location-specific differences in their concentration and diffusion, exemplified here for two transcription factor molecules, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) before and after nuclear translocation and the Sex combs reduced (Scr) transcription factor in the salivary gland of Drosophila ex vivo.
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| 52. |
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| 55. |
- Lovdahl, C, et al.
(författare)
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The synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat suppresses injury-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/ERK2 and phenotypic modification of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of vascular research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172 .- 1423-0135. ; 37:5, s. 345-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation are important events in the formation of intimal lesions associated with atherosclerosis and restenosis following balloon angioplasty. The extracellular matrix has important functions in modulating SMC structure and function, but less is known about the role of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors. The present study investigates the effects of the synthetic MMP inhibitor batimastat (BB94) on vascular SMCs. As experimental model, rat aortic smooth muscle cells in primary and secondary cultures were employed. Electron microscopy was used to investigate the effects of BB94 on the overall phenotypic properties of the cells. Induction of DNA synthesis and migration was studied by thymidine autoradiography and counting of cells moving into an injured zone. Gelatin zymography was used for the detection of BB94-mediated inhibition of injury-induced MMP activity. Phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/ERK2, two potential mediators of the injury-induced activation of the cells, was measured by Western blotting. The results show that BB94 restrained the phenotypic modulation of vascular SMCs in primary cultures and suppressed injury-induced DNA synthesis and migration. Moreover, the upregulation of ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation in injured secondary cultures and in cells treated with bFGF was markedly reduced by BB94, whereas TIMP-2 lacked a clear effect. Our data suggest that BB94 inhibits injury-induced activation of vascular SMCs by acting on MMPs as well as other targets.
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| 56. |
- Moskalewski, S., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of colchicine and vinblastine on the Golgi complex and matrix deposition in chondrocyte aggregates. An ultrastructural study
- 1975
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Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827. ; 95:2, s. 440-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fetal guinea-pig epiphyseal chondrocytes were isolated enzymatically, aggregated, and the aggregates maintained in organ culture. As revealed by light and electron microscopy, the cultures produced a typical cartilaginous matrix, but no calcification occurred. Exposure of aggregating cells, or preformed aggregates, to colchicine or vinblastihe at 10-5 M concentration led to disappearance of the microtubules, dissociation of the Golgi complex into single dictyosomes, and clustering of lysosomes. Thus, in treated cells the dictyosomes with accompanying vesicular structures were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, whereas they were localized in a well-defined juxtanuclear region in control cells. The number and size of the cisternae forming a dictyosome were often reduced. Cells treated with vinblastine displayed macrotubules and an increased number of phagosomes. Both drugs reduced the deposition of intercellular matrix. In cells first exposed to either of the drugs for 2 or 5 days and then transferred to fresh medium for 3 or 6 days, the microtubules reappeared, the Golgi complex regained its normal appearance, and the amount of matrix increased. These findings are discussed in view of present concepts of the role of microtubules in cell secretion.
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