| 41. |
- Barnes, H., et al.
(författare)
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Occupation versus environmental factors in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: population attributable fraction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Erj Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite well-documented case series of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), epidemiological data delineating relative contributions of risk factors are sparse. To address this, we estimated HP risk in a case-referent study of occupational and nonoccupational exposures. Methods: We recruited cases of HP by ICD-9 codes from an integrated healthcare delivery system (IHCDS) and a tertiary medical care centre. We drew referents, matched for age and sex, from the IHCDS. Participants underwent comprehensive, structured telephone interviews eliciting details of occupational and home environmental exposures. We employed a hierarchical analytic approach for data reduction based on the false discovery rate method within clusters of exposures. We measured lung function and selected biomarkers in a subset of participants. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate exposure-associated odds ratios (ORs) and population attributable fractions (PAFs) for HP. Results: We analysed data for 192 HP cases (148 IHCDS; 44 tertiary care) and 229 referents. Occupational exposures combined more than doubled the odds of developing HP (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.73-4.14) with a PAF of 34% (95% CI 21-46%); nonoccupational bird exposure also doubled the HP odds (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.13-3.60), with a PAF of 12% (3-21%). Lung function and selected biomarkers did not substantively modify the risk estimates on the basis of questionnaire data alone. Discussion: In a case-referent approach evaluating HP risk, identifiable exposures accounted, on an epidemiological basis, for approximately two in three cases of disease; conversely, for one in three, the risk factors for disease remained elusive.
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| 42. |
- Bedada, G. B., et al.
(författare)
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Urban background particulate matter and allergic sensitization in adults of ECRHS II
- 2007
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Ingår i: Int J Hyg Environ Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4639. ; 210:6, s. 691-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown weak or inconsistent associations between ambient air pollutants and allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether regional urban air pollution may partly explain the large variation in the prevalence of allergic sensitization across cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II. METHODS: ECRHS is a cross-sectional survey initiated in 29 countries across Europe in the 1990s (ECRHS I) with a follow-up conducted 10 years later (ECRHS II). Subject characteristics were measured by questionnaires and blood tests conducted for the measurement of specific immunoglobulin E. Fine particle mass (PM(2.5), <2.5mum) and sulphur on PM(2.5) were measured in 21 centres and annual averages of urban regional background air pollution were calculated. Results were scaled by an interquartile range increase in ambient PM(2.5) (6.03mug/m(3)) and sulphur (1336ng/m(3)). Generalized estimating equations were applied to compute population average effect estimates with adjustment for age, gender, smoking habit, education and number of siblings. RESULTS: A notable variation in pollution level and prevalence of allergic sensitization was observed. Moreover, exposure to urban regional background air pollution was not associated with allergic sensitization; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were 1.02 (0.95-1.09) for PM(2.5) and 1.08 (0.86-1.31) for sulphur. These statistically non-significant associations were sensitive to model specification. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that regional air pollution measured at fixed sites is not associated with allergic sensitization among adults in ECRHS II.
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| 43. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in obese with asthma symptoms: Data from the population study INTERGENE/ADONIX
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692. ; 139:5, s. 1109-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and asthma. However, it is uncertain if fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), which is used as a marker of airway inflammation, and atopy are associated with BMI. The aim was to examine if obese with asthma symptoms have a different phenotype of asthma than non-obese as indicated by FENO. METHODS: The subjects (n=2187) consist of women and men, aged 25-74, living in Gothenburg, Sweden, participating in the randomly selected INTERGENE study cohort. Measurements include anthropometric measures, bioelectric impedance, FENO, pulmonary function, blood samples for IgE and questionnaires including items on respiratory symptoms. Obesity was defined as BMI≥30 kg/m(2). In this cross-sectional analysis, general linear models were used to analyse how FENO was associated with anthropometry, body composition, wheezing and atopy. RESULTS: In non-obese subjects, wheezing was associated with raised FENO and atopy, whereas, in contrast, obese with wheezing had lower FENO than obese without wheezing (16.1 v.s. 19.1 ppb, p<0.01). The prevalence of atopy was similar in both those sub-groups (25.0 v.s. 20.7%, p=0.4). Similarly, in 395 subjects (19%) who reported wheezing, FENO was negatively associated with BMI, waist-hip ratio and percentage of body fat, while no significant relationships were observed in those without respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Wheezing was significantly associated with reduced FENO in obese subjects, whereas there was a positive association between wheezing and FENO among the non-obese, indicating a possible difference in asthma phenotype, based on body weight.
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| 44. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish population.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8304 .- 0195-6663. ; 52:1, s. 21-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to describe the association between meal pattern and obesity. The study is based on data from the INTERGENE research programme, and the study population consists of randomly selected women and men, aged 25-74, living in the V?stra G?taland Region in Sweden. A total of 3610 were examined. Participants with measured BMI>/=30 were compared with others (BMI<30) with respect to questionnaire data on habitual meal patterns and intake of energy estimated from food frequencies and standard portions. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for age, sex, smoking and physical activity in logistic regression models. Being obese was significantly associated with omitting breakfast, OR 1.41 (1.05-1.90), omitting lunch OR 1.31 (1.04-1.66) and eating at night OR 1.62 (1.10-2.39). Obesity was also related to significantly larger self-reported portion sizes of main meals. No statistically significant relationship with intake of total energy was revealed. Thus, the results indicate that examination of meal patterns and portion sizes might tell us more about obesogenic food patterns than traditional nutrient analyses of food frequencies. Being obese was associated with a meal pattern shifted to later in the day and significantly larger self-reported portions of main meals.
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| 45. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Swedish INTERGENE research program.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 88:2, s. 289-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Analyzing the impact of the intake of many foods simultaneously provides additional knowledge about analyses of nutrients and might make it easier to implement recommendations for the public. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine food patterns in a Swedish population and determine how they are related to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: The study is based on data from the INTERGENE population study of women and men aged 25-74 y in western Sweden. Dietary patterns were identified with cluster analysis of 93 food frequencies reported by 3452 participants. Associations with features of the metabolic syndrome, including blood lipids, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures, were analyzed. RESULTS: Five distinct food patterns were identified, of which one was interpreted as a "healthy" reference pattern. This healthy cluster was distinguished by more frequent consumption of high-fiber and low-fat foods and lower consumption of products rich in fat and sugar. The 4 other clusters differed significantly from the reference cluster with respect to prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. For example, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly higher in a cluster characterized by high consumption of energy-dense drinks and white bread and low consumption of fruit and vegetables (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to distinguish food patterns that are related to obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors in contrast with a more healthy pattern conforming with current dietary guidelines. Thus, the results indicate no reason for questioning the current recommendations.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in blood lipid levels, blood pressure, alcohol and smoking habits from 1985 to 2002: results from INTERGENE and GOT-MONICA.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology. - 1741-8267. ; 12:2, s. 115-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Favourable trends in cardiovascular disease have been observed in Sweden. The aim of this study was to study secular trends in a variety of cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Total-, low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum cholesterol; serum triglycerides; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; self-reported smoking and alcohol consumption were studied in repeated cross-sectional surveys. Data from four population-based samples in Goteborg, Sweden were used-WHO MONICA project 1985, 1990 and 1995, and INTERGENE 2002. A total of 2931 females and 2691 males aged 25-64 consisting of 1021-1624 randomly selected subjects at each survey period participated. RESULTS: Serum cholesterol levels showed downward trends but the decline in both total- and LDL-cholesterol seems to be levelling off from 1995 and onwards. No significant changes were observed in serum triglyceride, HDL-serum cholesterol or blood pressure levels. The majority of the participants had higher total- and LDL-serum cholesterol levels than currently recommended. Antihypertensive medical treatment increased in women and the oldest men. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 39 to 25% in women and 35 to 20% in men respectively from 1985-2002. In contrast, the prevalence of subjects consuming strong beer and wine, respectively, at least once a week almost doubled from 1990-2002. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk factor patterns change continuously and need to be monitored. The favourable trends in LDL-serum cholesterol and smoking in the Goteborg surveys were paralleled by less favourable trends in being overweight and alcohol consumption.
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| 48. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Göteborg, West Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 29:8, s. 916-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study secular trends in overweight and selected correlates in men and women in Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Cross-sequential population-based surveys. SUBJECTS: A total of 2931 female and 2691 male subjects aged 25-64 y participated in WHO MONICA surveys (1985, 1990, 1995) and the INTERGENE study (2002). MEASUREMENTS: Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), prevalence of overweight (BMI> or =25 kg/m(2)), and obesity (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Mean body weight increased by 3.3 kg for women and 5 kg for men, with a significant upward trend for BMI in men but not women over the 17-y observation period. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly in both sexes over the period. The largest increase was observed in men, and in women aged 25-34 y. In 2002, the prevalence of overweight was 38% in women and 58% in men, and the prevalence of obesity was 11% in women and 15% in men. No significant secular trends were observed for WHR, but there was an upward trend in prevalence of WHR>0.85 in women. A decreased prevalence of smoking in both sexes was observed together with an increase in reported leisure time physical activity. No significant secular trends were observed in rates of self-reported diabetes, although the risk of diabetes attributable to obesity was 24%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that 25-64-y-olds in the recent survey were more overweight and obese than earlier studied MONICA participants. The increase in BMI was more pronounced in men while abdominal obesity increased principally in women. Although obesity and overweight are clearly important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, the number of diabetics remains low and any secular increase is not yet apparent.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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