| 481. |
- Goovaerts, I., et al.
(författare)
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Galaxy main sequence and properties of low-mass Lyman-α emitters towards reionisation as viewed by VLT/MUSE and JWST/NIRCam
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Faint, star-forming galaxies are likely to play a dominant role in cosmic reionisation. Great strides have been made in recent years to characterise these populations at high redshifts (z > 3). Now, for the first time, with JWST photometry beyond 1 μm in the rest frame, we can derive accurate stellar masses and position these galaxies on the galaxy main sequence.Aims. We seek to assess the place of 96 individual Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) selected behind the A2744 lensing cluster with MUSE IFU spectroscopy on the galaxy main sequence. We also compare the derived stellar masses to Lyman-α luminosities and equivalent widths to better quantify the relationship between the Lyman-α emission and the host galaxy.Methods. These 96 LAEs lie in the redshift range of 2.9 < z < 6.7, with their range of masses extending down to 106 M⊙ (over half with M⋆ < 108 M⊙). We used the JWST/NIRCam and HST photometric catalogues from the UNCOVER project, giving us excellent wavelength coverage from 450 nm to 4.5 μm. We also performed an SED fitting using CIGALE, fixing the redshift of the LAEs to the secure, spectroscopic value. This combination of photometric coverage with spectroscopic redshifts allows us to robustly derive stellar masses for these galaxies.Results. We found a main sequence relation for these low-mass LAEs of log SFR = (0.88 ± 0.07 − 0.030 ± 0.027 × t) log M⋆ − (6.31 ± 0.41 − 0.08 ± 0.37 × t). This is in relative agreement with the best-fit results of prior collated studies; however, here we see a steeper slope and a higher normalisation. This indicates that low-mass LAEs towards the epoch of reionisation lie above the typical literature main sequence relations derived at lower redshift and higher masses. In addition, by comparing our results to UV-selected samples, we can see that while low-mass LAEs lie above these typical main sequence relations, they are likely not singular in this respect at these particular masses and redshifts. While low-mass galaxies have been shown to play a significant role in cosmic reionisation, our results point to the likelihood that LAEs hold no special position in this regard.
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| 482. |
- Hampton, Stephanie E., et al.
(författare)
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Ecology under lake ice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 20:1, s. 98-111
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
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| 483. |
- Hendriks, Kasper P., et al.
(författare)
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Global Brassicaceae phylogeny based on filtering of 1,000-gene dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 33:19, s. 4052-4068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mustard family (Brassicaceae) is a scientifically and economically important family, containing the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and numerous crop species that feed billions worldwide. Despite its relevance, most phylogenetic trees of the family are incompletely sampled and often contain poorly supported branches. Here, we present the most complete Brassicaceae genus-level family phylogenies to date (Bras-sicaceae Tree of Life or BrassiToL) based on nuclear (1,081 genes, 319 of the 349 genera; 57 of the 58 tribes) and plastome (60 genes, 265 genera; all tribes) data. We found cytonuclear discordance between the two, which is likely a result of rampant hybridization among closely and more distantly related lineages. To eval-uate the impact of such hybridization on the nuclear phylogeny reconstruction, we performed five different gene sampling routines, which increasingly removed putatively paralog genes. Our cleaned subset of 297 genes revealed high support for the tribes, whereas support for the main lineages (supertribes) was moder-ate. Calibration based on the 20 most clock-like nuclear genes suggests a late Eocene to late Oligocene origin of the family. Finally, our results strongly support a recently published new family classification, dividing the family into two subfamilies (one with five supertribes), together representing 58 tribes. This includes five recently described or re-established tribes, including Arabidopsideae, a monogeneric tribe accommodating Arabidopsis without any close relatives. With a worldwide community of thousands of researchers working on Brassicaceae and its diverse members, our new genus-level family phylogeny will be an indispensable tool for studies on biodiversity and plant biology.
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| 484. |
- Ortiz-Rodriguez, C. A., et al.
(författare)
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Simulations of dynamo action in slowly rotating M dwarfs : Dependence on dimensionless parameters
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. The aim of this study is to explore the magnetic and flow properties of fully convective M dwarfs as a function of rotation period P-rot and magnetic Reynolds Re-M and Prandlt numbers Pr-M.Methods. We performed three-dimensional simulations of fully convective stars using a star-in-a-box set-up. This set-up allows global dynamo simulations in a sphere embedded in a Cartesian cube. The equations of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics were solved with the PENCIL CODE. We used the stellar parameters of an M5 dwarf with 0.21 M-circle dot at three rotation rates corresponding to rotation periods (P-rot) of 43, 61, and 90 days, and varied the magnetic Prandtl number in the range from 0.1 to 10.Results. We found systematic differences in the behaviour of the large-scale magnetic field as functions of rotation and Pr-M. For the simulations with P-rot = 43 days and Pr-M <= 2, we found cyclic large-scale magnetic fields. For Pr-M > 2, the cycles vanish and the field shows irregular reversals. In the simulations with P-rot = 61 days for Pr-M <= 2, the cycles are less clear and the reversal are less periodic. In the higher Pr-M cases, the axisymmetric mean field shows irregular variations. For the slowest rotation case with P-rot = 90 days, the field has an important dipolar component for Pr-M <= 5. For the highest Pr-M the large-scale magnetic field is predominantly irregular at mid-latitudes, with quasi-stationary fields near the poles. For the simulations with cycles, the cycle period length slightly increases with increasing Re-M.
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| 485. |
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| 486. |
- Taylor, O, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime, 5-year and past-year prevalence of homelessness in Europe: a cross-national survey in eight European nations
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:11, s. e033237-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the lifetime, 5-year and past-year prevalence of homelessness among European citizens in eight European nations.DesignA nationally representative telephone survey using trained bilingual interviewers and computer-assisted telephone interview software.SettingThe study was conducted in France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.ParticipantsEuropean adult citizens, selected from opt-in panels from March to December 2017. Total desired sample size was 5600, with 700 per country. Expected response rates of approximately 30% led to initial sample sizes of 2500 per country.Main outcome measuresHistory of homelessness was assessed for lifetime, past 5 years and past year. Sociodemographic data were collected to assess correlates of homelessness prevalence using generalised linear models for clustered and weighted samples.ResultsResponse rates ranged from 30.4% to 33.5% (n=5631). Homelessness prevalence was 4.96% for lifetime (95% CI 4.39% to 5.59%), 1.92% in the past 5 years (95% CI 1.57% to 2.33%) and 0.71% for the past year (95% CI 0.51% to 0.98%) and varied significantly between countries (pairwise comparison difference test, p<0.0001). Time spent homeless ranged between less than a week (21%) and more than a year (18%), with high contrasts between countries (p<0.0001). Male gender, age 45–54, lower secondary education, single status, unemployment and an urban environment were all independently strongly associated with lifetime homelessness (all OR >1.5).ConclusionsThe prevalence of homelessness among the surveyed nations is significantly higher than might be expected from point-in-time and homeless service use statistics. There was substantial variation in estimated prevalence across the eight nations. Coupled with the well-established health impacts of homelessness, medical professionals need to be aware of the increased health risks of those with experience of homelessness. These findings support policies aiming to improve health services for people exposed to homelessness.
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| 487. |
- van't Westeinde, A, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in brain structure: a twin study on restricted and repetitive behaviors in twin pairs with and without autism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular autism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2040-2392. ; 11:1, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFemales with autism spectrum disorder have been reported to exhibit fewer and less severe restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests compared to males. This difference might indicate sex-specific alterations of brain networks involved in autism symptom domains, especially within cortico-striatal and sensory integration networks. This study used a well-controlled twin design to examine sex differences in brain anatomy in relation to repetitive behaviors.MethodsIn 75 twin pairs (n= 150, 62 females, 88 males) enriched for autism spectrum disorder (n= 32), and other neurodevelopmental disorders (n= 32), we explored the association of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests—operationalized by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (C domain) and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior subscale)—with cortical volume, surface area and thickness of neocortical, sub-cortical, and cerebellar networks.ResultsCo-twin control analyses revealed within-pair associations between RRBI symptoms and increased thickness of the right intraparietal sulcus and reduced volume of the right orbital gyrus in females only, even though the mean number of RRBIs did not differ between the sexes. In a sub-sample of ASD-discordant pairs, increased thickness in association with RRBIs was found exclusively in females in the orbitofrontal regions, superior frontal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus, while in males RRBIs tended to be associated with increased volume of the bilateral pallidum.LimitationsHowever, due to a small sample size and the small difference in RRBI symptoms within pairs, the results of this exploratory study need to be interpreted with caution.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that structural alterations of fronto-parietal networks in association with RRBIs are found mostly in females, while striatal networks are more affected in males. These results endorse the importance of investigating sex differences in the neurobiology of autism symptoms, and indicate different etiological pathways underlying restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in females and males.
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| 488. |
- Andrés-Jensen, Liv, et al.
(författare)
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Severe toxicity free survival : physician-derived definitions of unacceptable long-term toxicities following acute lymphocytic leukaemia
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet Haematology. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3026. ; 8:7, s. E513-E523
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-year overall survival rates have surpassed 90% for childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia, but survivors are at risk for permanent health sequelae. Although event-free survival appropriately represents the outcome for cancers with poor overall survival, this metric is inadequate when cure rates are high but challenged by serious, persistent complications. Accordingly, a group of experts in paediatric haematology-oncology, representative of 17 international acute lymphocytic leukaemia study groups, launched an initiative to construct a measure, designated severe toxicity-free survival (STFS), to quantify the occurrence of physician-prioritised toxicities to be integrated with standard cancer outcome reporting. Five generic inclusion criteria (not present before cancer diagnosis, symptomatic, objectifiable, of unacceptable severity, permanent, or requiring unacceptable treatments) were used to assess 855 health conditions, which resulted in inclusion of 21 severe toxicities. Consensus definitions were reached through a modified Delphi process supplemented by two additional plenary meetings. The 21 severe toxicities include severe adverse health conditions that substantially affect activities of daily living and are refractory to therapy (eg, refractory seizures), are without therapeutic options (eg, blindness), or require substantially invasive treatment (eg, cardiac transplantation). Incorporation of STFS assessment into clinical trials has the potential to improve and diversify treatment strategies, focusing not only on traditional outcome events and overall survival but also the frequencies of the most severe toxicities. The two major aims of this Review were to: prioritise and define unacceptable long-term toxicity for patients with childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia, and define how these toxicities should be combined into a composite quantity to be integrated with other reported outcomes. Although STFS quantifies the clinically unacceptable health tradeoff for cure using childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia as a model disease, the prioritised severe toxicities are based on generic considerations of relevance to any other cancer diagnosis and age group.
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| 489. |
- Antel, C., et al.
(författare)
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Feebly-interacting particles : FIPs 2022Workshop Report
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 83:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle physics today faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over anti-matter in the Universe, the origin of the neutrino masses, the apparent fine-tuning of the electro-weak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves new physics at mass scales comparable to familiar matter, below the GeV-scale, or even radically below, down to sub-eV scales, and with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and indeed, existing data provide numerous hints for such possibility. A vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is under way, guided by a systematic theoretical approach firmly grounded on the underlying principles of the Standard Model. This document represents the report of the FIPs 2022 workshop, held at CERN between the 17 and 21 October 2022 and aims to give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs.
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