| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Catalán, Núria, et al.
(författare)
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Absence of a priming effect on dissolved organic carbon degradation in lake water
- 2015
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 60:1, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea that small amounts of labile organic carbon might trigger the degradation of previously unreactive organic matter has attracted increasing scientific interest across multiple disciplines. Although this phenomenon, referred to as priming, has been widely reported in soils, evidence in freshwater systems is scarce and inconclusive. Here, we use a multifactorial microcosm experiment to test the conditions under which priming may be observed in freshwater ecosystems. We assessed the effect of pulse additions of three labile carbon sources (acetate, glucose, and cellobiose) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) consumption using water from lakes with different trophic states (eutrophic to oligotrophic and clear to brownwater lakes). We further analyzed the effect of nutrient availability and the role of attachment of cells to surfaces. Despite the range of conditions tested, we found no clear evidence of a priming effect on DOC degradation, indicating that priming in freshwater systems may be of limited importance.
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| 34. |
- Catalan, Nuria, et al.
(författare)
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Organic carbon decomposition rates controlled by water retention time across inland waters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 9:7, s. 501-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loss of organic carbon during passage through the continuum of inland waters from soils to the sea is a critical component of the global carbon cycle(1-3). Yet, the amount of organic carbon mineralized and released to the atmosphere during its transport remains an open question(2,4-6), hampered by the absence of a common predictor of organic carbon decay rates(1,7). Here we analyse a compilation of existing field and laboratory measurements of organic carbon decay rates and water residence times across a wide range of aquatic ecosystems and climates. We find a negative relationship between the rate of organic carbon decay and water retention time across systems, entailing a decrease in organic carbon reactivity along the continuum of inland waters. We find that the half-life of organic carbon is short in inland waters (2.5 +/- 4.7 yr) compared to terrestrial soils and marine ecosystems, highlighting that freshwaters are hotspots of organic carbon degradation. Finally, we evaluate the response of organic carbon decay rates to projected changes in runoff(8). We calculate that regions projected to become drier or wetter as the global climate warms will experience changes in organic carbon decay rates of up to about 10%, which illustrates the influence of hydrological variability on the inland waters carbon cycle.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Eiler, Alexander, 1976-
(författare)
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The Niches of Bacterial Populations in Productive Waters : Examples from Coastal Waters and Four Eutrophic Lakes
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research in microbial ecology has focused on how aquatic bacterial communities are assembled. Only a few of these studies follow a “Gleasonian” approach where the roles of single bacterial populations are in focus. In this thesis, novel molecular tools were used to describe the distribution and evolutionary relationships of microbes in productive aquatic environments. Many new phylogenetic groups of bacteria were identified, likely representing bacterial populations restricted to productive freshwaters. I also addressed the dynamics and functional role of individual bacterial populations in eutrophic lakes and brackish environments with a focus on either biogeochemically significant or potentially pathogenic representatives. Flavobacteria blooms were observed, on occasions characterized by high heterotrophic production. In addition to high temporal dynamics microbial community composition and function differed on the spatial scale, as exemplified by free-living and Cyanobacteria-associated habitats. At the community scale, microbial processes, such as biomass production and substrate uptake could be predicted from the presence and absence of individual bacterial populations. I also studied the niches of potentially pathogenic Vibrio populations in various coastal waters. Using a novel culture-independent method, a V. cholerae population was detected along the entire Swedish coastline. Results from an environmental survey and a laboratory mesocosm experiment reveal that phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic matter enhance the growth of V. cholerae and other Vibrio spp. and hence create a largely overlooked niche for these heterotrophic bacteria. This thesis and future work on the role of individual bacterial populations will facilitate predictions of biogeochemical cycles and the distribution of bacteria in the context of global climate change and local eutrophication.
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| 38. |
- Farkas, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of TiO2 nanoparticles on freshwater bacteria from three Swedish lakes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 535, s. 85-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the rapidly rising production and usage of nano-enabled products, aquatic environments are increasingly exposed to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), causing concerns about their potential negative effects. In this study we assessed the effects of uncoated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)NPs) on the growth and activity of bacterial communities of three Swedish lakes featuring different chemical characteristics such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, pH and elemental composition. TiO2NP exposure concentrations were 15, 100, and 1000 mu g L-1, and experiments were performed in situ under three light regimes: darkness, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and ambient sunlight including UV radiation (UVR). The nanoparticles were most stable in lake water with high DOC and low chemical element concentrations. At the highest exposure concentration (1000 mu g L-1 TiO2NP) the bacterial abundance was significantly reduced in all lake waters. In the medium and high DOC lake waters, exposure concentrations of 100 mu g L-1 TiO2NP caused significant reductions in bacterial abundance. The cell-specific bacterial activity was significantly enhanced at high TiO2NP exposure concentrations, indicating the loss of nanoparticle-sensitive bacteria and a subsequent increased activity by tolerant ones. No UV-induced phototoxic effect of TiO2NP was found in this study. We conclude that in freshwater lakes with high DOC and low chemical element concentrations, uncoated TiO(2)NPs show an enhanced stability and can significantly reduce bacterial abundance at relatively low exposure concentrations.
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| 39. |
- Fischer, Helmut, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of fungi and bacteria to the formation of dissolved organic carbon from decaying common reed (Phragmites australis)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Archiv für Hydrobiologie. - : Schweizerbart. - 0003-9136. ; 166:1, s. 79-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined release and subsequent utilization of DOC from leaves of common reed (Phragmites australis), a macrophyte which often dominates in shallow lakes and constitutes an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Leaves were incubated submersed in organic-free water for up to 63 days with natural and manipulated microbial communities. By this, we aimed to demonstrate differential effects of bacteria and fungi on the composition and amount of DOC originating from the leaves. DOC was analyzed by its total amount, spectral properties at wavelengths of 250-500 nm and its composition determined by size exclusion chromatography followed by organic carbon detection. Leaching of DOC was fast and the maximum DOC concentration was reached after 48 h. Mean molecule size increased during the first 14 days of incubation. Later on, humic-like substances accumulated, whereas low- and high-molecular-weight DOC were depleted. The formation of DOC from leaf detritus was strongly influenced by the composition of the microbial community present. Bacteria effectively removed low-molecular-weight DOC and accumulated high-molecular-weight DOC during a 7 day incubation. Leaf-degrading fungi promoted the accumulation of high amounts of intermediate-molecular-weight DOC, but were suppressed by the presence of bacteria. The presence of bacteria and/or fungi thus resulted in contrasting patterns of DOC composition, suggesting functional differences and strong interactions between those two major microbial groups during natural decomposition of leaves. The activity and interactions of both groups may therefore be significant for DOC composition in aquatic systems.
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| 40. |
- Fischer, Helmut, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial leaf degraders in boreal streams : bringing together stochastic and deterministic regulators of community composition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 54:11, s. 2276-2289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaves that fall into the water represent a new habitat for microorganisms to colonise in streams, providing an opportunity to study colonisation and the subsequent regulation of community structure. We explored community composition of bacteria and fungi on decomposing alder leaves in nine streams in central Sweden, and describe their relationship with environmental variables. Succession of the microbial community was studied in one of the streams for 118 days. Microbial community composition was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis on replicate samples of leaves from each stream. 2. During succession in one stream, maximum taxon richness was reached after 34 days for bacteria and 20 days for fungi respectively. Replicate samples within this stream differed between each other earlier in colonisation, while subsequently such variation among replicate communities was low and remained stable for several weeks. Replicate samples taken from all the nine streams after 34 days of succession showed striking similarities in microbial communities within-streams, although communities differed more strongly between streams. 3. Canonical analysis of microbial communities and environmental variables revealed that water chemistry had a significant influence on community composition. This influence was superimposed on a statistical relationship between the properties of stream catchments and microbial community composition. 4. The catchment regulates microbial communities in two different ways. It harbours the species pool from which the in-stream microbial community is drawn and it governs stream chemistry and the composition of organic substrates that further shape the communities. We suggest that there is a random element to colonisation early in succession, whereas other factors such as species interactions, stream chemistry and organic substrate properties, result in a more deterministic regulation of communities during later stages.
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