| 11. |
- Leung, J. S.-Y., et al.
(författare)
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A Simulation-based Method for Correcting Mode Coupling in CMB Angular Power Spectra
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 928:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis pipelines regularly employ complex time-domain filters, beam models, masking, and other techniques during the production of sky maps and their corresponding angular power spectra. However, these processes can generate couplings between multipoles from the same spectrum and from different spectra, in addition to the typical power attenuation. Within the context of pseudo-C-l based, MASTER-style analyses, the net effect of the time-domain filtering is commonly approximated by a multiplicative transfer function, F-l , that can fail to capture mode mixing and is dependent on the spectrum of the signal. To address these shortcomings, we have developed a simulation-based spectral correction approach that constructs a two-dimensional transfer matrix, J(ll'), which contains information about mode mixing in addition to mode attenuation. We demonstrate the application of this approach on data from the first flight of the Spider balloon-borne CMB experiment.
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| 12. |
- Osorio, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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DNA Glycosylases Involved in Base Excision Repair May Be Associated with Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be associated with cancer risk in carriers of mutations in the high-penetrance susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the BER pathway, PARP1 (poly ADP ribose polymerase), and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 18 genes involved in BER using a tagging SNP approach in a large series of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. 144 SNPs were analyzed in a two stage study involving 23,463 carriers from the CIMBA consortium (the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2). Eleven SNPs showed evidence of association with breast and/or ovarian cancer at p<0.05 in the combined analysis. Four of the five genes for which strongest evidence of association was observed were DNA glycosylases. The strongest evidence was for rs1466785 in the NEIL2 (endonuclease VIII-like 2) gene (HR: 1.09, 95% CI (1.03-1.16), p = 2.7×10-3) for association with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers, and rs2304277 in the OGG1 (8-guanine DNA glycosylase) gene, with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR: 1.12 95%CI: 1.03-1.21, p = 4.8×10-3). DNA glycosylases involved in the first steps of the BER pathway may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and should be more comprehensively studied.
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| 13. |
- Ade, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
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| 14. |
- Ding, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy consumption, systolic blood pressure, and risk of hypertension : Mendelian randomization study
- 2017
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To examine whether previous observed inverse associations of dairy intake with systolic blood pressure and risk of hypertension were causal. DESIGN Mendelian randomization study using the single nucleotide polymorphism rs4988235 related to lactase persistence as an instrumental variable. SETTING CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium. PARTICIPANTS Data from 22 studies with 171 213 participants, and an additional 10 published prospective studies with 26 119 participants included in the observational analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The instrumental variable estimation was conducted using the ratio of coefficients approach. Using metaanalysis, an additional eight published randomized clinical trials on the association of dairy consumption with systolic blood pressure were summarized. RESULTS Compared with the CC genotype (CC is associated with complete lactase deficiency), the CT/TT genotype (TT is associated with lactose persistence, and CT is associated with certain lactase deficiency) of LCT-13910 (lactase persistence gene) rs4988235 was associated with higher dairy consumption (0.23 (about 55 g/day), 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.29) serving/day; P<0.001) and was not associated with systolic blood pressure (0.31, 95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.68 mm Hg; P=0.09) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.05; P=0.27). Using LCT-13910 rs4988235 as the instrumental variable, genetically determined dairy consumption was not associated with systolic blood pressure (beta=1.35, 95% confidence interval -0.28 to 2.97 mm Hg for each serving/day) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.04, 0.88 to 1.24). Moreover, meta-analysis of the published clinical trials showed that higher dairy intake has no significant effect on change in systolic blood pressure for interventions over one month to 12 months (intervention compared with control groups: beta=-0.21, 95% confidence interval -0.98 to 0.57 mm Hg). In observational analysis, each serving/day increase in dairy consumption was associated with -0.11 (95% confidence interval -0.20 to -0.02 mm Hg; P=0.02) lower systolic blood pressure but not risk of hypertension (odds ratio 0.98, 0.97 to 1.00; P=0.11). CONCLUSION The weak inverse association between dairy intake and systolic blood pressure in observational studies was not supported by a comprehensive instrumental variable analysis and systematic review of existing clinical trials.
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| 15. |
- Huang, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Adults : Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 184802 Individuals from 25 Studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 64:1, s. 183-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Associations between dairy intake and body mass index (BMI) have been inconsistently observed in epidemiological studies, and the causal relationship remains ill defined.METHODS: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using an established dairy intake-associated genetic polymorphism located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT-13910 C/T, rs4988235) as an instrumental variable (IV). Linear regression models were fitted to analyze associations between (a) dairy intake and BMI, (b) rs4988235 and dairy intake, and (c) rs4988235 and BMI in each study. The causal effect of dairy intake on BMI was quantified by IV estimators among 184802 participants from 25 studies.RESULTS: Higher dairy intake was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.03 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.00–0.06; P = 0.04), whereas the LCT genotype with 1 or 2 T allele was significantly associated with 0.20 (95% CI, 0.14–0.25) serving/day higher dairy intake (P = 3.15 × 10−12) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.06–0.17) kg/m2 higher BMI (P = 2.11 × 10−5). MR analysis showed that the genetically determined higher dairy intake was significantly associated with higher BMI (β = 0.60 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.27–0.92; P = 3.0 × 10−4).CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides strong evidence to support a causal effect of higher dairy intake on increased BMI among adults.
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| 16. |
- Shlisky, Julie, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional Considerations for Healthy Aging and Reduction in Age-Related Chronic Disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Nutrition. - : The American Society for Nutrition. - 2161-8313 .- 2156-5376. ; 8:1, s. 17-26
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A projected doubling in the global population of people aged ≥60 y by the year 2050 has major health and economic implications, especially in developing regions. Burdens of unhealthy aging associated with chronic noncommunicable and other age-related diseases may be largely preventable with lifestyle modification, including diet. However, as adults age they become at risk of "nutritional frailty," which can compromise their ability to meet nutritional requirements at a time when specific nutrient needs may be high. This review highlights the role of nutrition science in promoting healthy aging and in improving the prognosis in cases of age-related diseases. It serves to identify key knowledge gaps and implementation challenges to support adequate nutrition for healthy aging, including applicability of metrics used in body-composition and diet adequacy for older adults and mechanisms to reduce nutritional frailty and to promote diet resilience. This review also discusses management recommendations for several leading chronic conditions common in aging populations, including cognitive decline and dementia, sarcopenia, and compromised immunity to infectious disease. The role of health systems in incorporating nutrition care routinely for those aged ≥60 y and living independently and current actions to address nutritional status before hospitalization and the development of disease are discussed.
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| 17. |
- Matison, Annabel P., et al.
(författare)
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Associations between fruit and vegetable intakes and incident depression in middle-aged and older adults from 10 diverse international longitudinal cohorts
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 359, s. 373-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emerging observational evidence supports a role for higher fruit and vegetable intake in protecting against the development of depression. However, there is a scarcity of research in older adults or in low- to middle -income countries (LMICs). Methods: Participants were 7801 community -based adults (mean age 68.6 +/- 8.0 years, 55.8 % female) without depression, from 10 diverse cohorts, including four cohorts from LMICs. Fruit and vegetable intake was selfreported via comprehensive food frequency questionnaire, short food questionnaire or diet history. Depressive symptoms were assessed using validated measures, and depression defined applying validated cut-offs. The associations between baseline fruit and vegetable intakes and incident depression over a follow-up period of three to nine years were examined using Cox regression. Analyses were performed by cohort with results metaanalysed. Results: There were 1630 cases of incident depression (21 % of participants) over 40,258 person -years of followup. Higher intake of fruit was associated with a lower risk of incident depression (HR 0.87, 95%CI [0.77, 0.99], I 2 = 4 %). No association was found between vegetable intake and incident depression (HR 0.93, 95%CI [0.84, 1.04], I 2 = 0 %).
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| 18. |
- Newby, P K, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term stability of food patterns identified by use of factor analysis among Swedish women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 136:3, s. 626-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limited data exist on the reproducibility of food patterns measured by factor analysis as well as on the use of stability of patterns over time. Our primary objective was to explore the long-term stability of food patterns derived by confirmatory factor analysis among 33,840 women participating in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Our secondary objective was to compare factor solutions from confirmatory factor analysis with those derived by use of exploratory factor analysis. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire in 1987 and 1997, and food patterns were derived by the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We observed four major food patterns (Healthy, Western/Swedish, Alcohol, and Sweets) at both time points. Correlations between confirmed food patterns in 1987 and 1997 were 0.37 for the Healthy pattern, 0.27 for the Western/Swedish pattern, 0.54 for the Alcohol pattern, and 0.44 for the Sweets pattern (P < 0.0001 for all associations). Patterns derived by the use of exploratory factor analysis were strongly associated with those derived by the use of confirmatory factor analysis (r >/= 0.90, P < 0.0001, for all associations). The patterns derived in this study were similar to those derived in other studies, indicating reproducibility of food patterns across populations. Our study suggests that food patterns measured by the use of confirmatory factor analysis are reproducible over time, and weaker correlations observed may reflect natural changes in eating behavior, the food supply, and/or perceptions of what is considered healthy. Testing whether patterns measured over a long time period can be used in analytic studies is the next step in assessing the validity of this method.
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| 19. |
- Newby, P K, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal changes in food patterns predict changes in weight and body mass index and the effects are greatest in obese women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 136:10, s. 2580-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of obesity is increasing in most parts of the world. The objective of this study was to examine whether changes in food patterns were associated with changes in BMI among women over 9 y. Data were from 33,840 women participating in the Swedish Mammography Cohort in 1987 and 1997. Diet was assessed with a FFQ at both time points and 4 food patterns were derived using confirmatory factor analysis (Healthy, Western/Swedish, Alcohol, and Sweets). Our exposure variables were defined as change in factor score for each food pattern from 1987 to 1997. Our outcome variable was defined as change in BMI during the same period, and we also examined change in weight. Normal weight and overweight women had positive changes in weight and BMI during follow-up, whereas obese women had negative changes in BMI and weight; we observed a significant interaction between change in food patterns and baseline BMI. Obese subjects who increased their factor score for the Healthy pattern had larger decreases in BMI (beta = -0.18 kg/m(2) for a 1 unit increase in SD score, CI: -0.26 to -0.10; P < 0.0001), whereas normal weight and overweight women who increased their Healthy pattern score had smaller increases in BMI (-0.05 kg/m(2) and -0.11 kg/m(2), respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Obese women who increased their Healthy pattern score >3 SD had almost a 4 kg decrease in weight and a 1 unit decrease in BMI at follow-up. In conclusion, changes in eating patterns were significantly related to changes in BMI over 9 y and the effect was modified by baseline BMI. Pattern analysis is helpful in generating hypotheses regarding the role of diet in obesity, and additional research is needed to understand which elements of our patterns are protective or risk factors for weight gain.
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| 20. |
- Newby, P K, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of overweight and obesity among semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 81:6, s. 1267-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that a plant-based diet is inversely related to body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity.OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the BMI (kg/m(2)) and risk of overweight and obesity of self-defined semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women.DESIGN: Data analyzed in this cross-sectional study were from 55459 healthy women participating in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Women were asked whether they considered themselves to be omnivores (n = 54257), semivegetarians (n = 960), lactovegetarians (n = 159), or vegans (n = 83), and this question was the main exposure variable in this study. In secondary analyses, we reclassified women as lactovegetarians on the basis of food intakes reported on the food-frequency questionnaire.RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight or obesity (BMI >/= 25) was 40% among omnivores, 29% among both semivegetarians and vegans, and 25% among lactovegetarians. In multivariate, adjusted logistic regression analyses, self-identified vegans had a significantly lower risk of overweight or obesity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.69] than did omnivores, as did lactovegetarians (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.85) and semivegetarians (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.62). Risk of overweight or obesity remained significantly lower among lactovegetarians classified on the basis of the food-frequency questionnaire (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.78).CONCLUSIONS: Even if vegetarians consume some animal products, our results suggest that self-identified semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than do omnivorous women. The advice to consume more plant foods and less animal products may help individuals control their weight.
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