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- KUHN, I, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical fingerprinting compared with ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of DNA for epidemiological typing of enterococci
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 33:11, s. 2812-2817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Phene Plate (PhP) biochemical fingerprinting system for bacteria is based on measurements of the kinetics of bacterial biochemical reactions. This system was modified for typing of enterococci and was compared with DNA typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and with ribotyping by using 45 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from international collections. It was also used to study 170 fecal enterococcal isolates from healthy individuals and 28 isolates of E. faecalis from the blood of neonates. The PhP system showed a high degree of discriminatory power for unrelated enterococcal isolates. Among the 170 unrelated fecal isolates, 107 isolates from international collections, PhP typing discriminated 19 types, and ribotyping discriminated 5 types. In most cases, when isolates were of the same DNA type, they were also of the same PhP type, and the level of agreement between these two methods was high (96%). A combination of PhP typing and DNA typing identified 34 different types, but ribotyping did not yield any further discrimination. PhP typing of E. faecalis isolates from healthy individuals (n = 89) and from the blood of neonates with septicemia (n = 28) yielded a diversity of 0.93 for both populations and similar major PhP types in both populations. Thus, the isolates from blood seemed to consist of a normal E. faecalis population, without a dominance of certain strains associated with virulence. We conclude that the PhP system is useful for epidemiological studies of enterococcal isolates, yielding results similar to those obtained with DNA typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Since PhP typing is a method that is simple and rapid and that is based on automatic evaluation of the data, it is suitable for analyzing large numbers of isolates and can be used alone or in combination with DNA typing or epidemiological and ecological studies of enterococci.
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- Li, YH, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of human macrophage vascular endothelial growth factor and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by Ureaplasma urealyticum and downregulation by steroids
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biology of the neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126. ; 82:1, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic lung disease (CLD) remains a major cause of morbidity for the prematurely born infant. The pathogenesis of CLD is complex and has not been defined entirely. Infection and lung inflammatory events have been thought to play a key role in the development of CLD. However, the contribution of <i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i> to the development of CLD is debated and steroids produce some improvement in neonates with this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if <i>U. urealyticum</i> could stimulate macrophages to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in vitro, which are potentially associated with both early and later pathological changes in the lung during the development of CLD. In addition, the impact of dexamethasone and budesonide on these processes was examined. We found that <i>U. urealyticum</i> antigen (≧4 × 10<sup>7</sup> color-changing units/ml) stimulated human macrophages (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated THP-1 cell line) to produce VEGF and soluble ICAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05) measured by ELISA. Likewise, cell surface ICAM-1 (CD54) measured by flow cytometry was increased after stimulation with <i>U. urealyticum</i>. This effect was attenuated by budesonide and dexamethasone (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of VEGF and ICAM-1 detected by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were also induced in response to <i>U. urealyticum</i> and inhibited by the steroids (p < 0.05). The expression of ICAM-1 was reduced by 85.5% when the TNF-α production was neutralized with an anti-TNF-α antibody. Our findings imply that <i>U. urealyticum </i>might be involved in the development of CLD of prematurity.
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