| 101. |
- Lövdén, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Latent-Profile Analysis Reveals Behavioral and Brain Correlates of Dopamine-Cognition Associations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 28:11, s. 3894-3907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests that associations between the neurotransmitter dopamine and cognition are nonmonotonic and open to modulation by various other factors. The functional implications of a given level of dopamine may therefore differ from person to person. By applying latent-profile analysis to a large (n = 181) sample of adults aged 64-68 years, we probabilistically identified 3 subgroups that explain the multivariate associations between dopamine D2/3R availability (probed with C-11-raclopride-PET, in cortical, striatal, and hippocampal regions) and cognitive performance (episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed). Generally, greater receptor availability was associated with better cognitive performance. However, we discovered a subgroup of individuals for which high availability, particularly in striatum, was associated with poor performance, especially for working memory. Relative to the rest of the sample, this subgroup also had lower education, higher body-mass index, and lower resting-state connectivity between caudate nucleus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We conclude that a smaller subset of individuals induces a multivariate non-linear association between dopamine D2/3R availability and cognitive performance in this group of older adults, and discuss potential reasons for these differences that await further empirical scrutiny.
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| 102. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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High incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Sweden : graft-versus-leukemia effect protects against relapse
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-131X .- 1357-0560. ; 30:4, s. 762-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a potentially curative treatment option for eligible patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, it is known that cure of CLL is only possible if a graft-versus-leukemia effect is present. Between 1994 and 2007, 48 adults underwent allo-SCT for poor-risk CLL in Sweden. Of these, ten (21%) patients aged 24-53 years (median: 46 years) received myeloablative conditioning (MAC), based on TBI and cyclophosphamide. All MAC patients had refractory, poorly controlled CLL before allo-SCT (partial remission in 9/10 patients and progressive disease in one). The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II-IV was 30%. Nine patients developed chronic GVHD; extensive in four. Rates of nonrelapse mortality at 1, 3 and 10 years were 0, 10 and 20%, respectively. Two patients relapsed 36 and 53 months after transplantation. Six patients were still alive after a median follow-up time of 11.5 years (range 5.9-13.7). The probabilities of relapse-free and overall survival from 1, 3 and 5 years after transplantation were 100, 90 and 70%, and 100, 90 and 80%, respectively. Nevertheless, our analysis of long-term outcome after MAC allo-SCT for CLL suggests that younger patients with poorly controlled CLL may benefit from MAC allo-SCT.
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| 103. |
- Mattsson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Laser ignition of premixed gases studied by pulsed TV holography
- 2003
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Ingår i: Speckle metrology 2003. - Bellingham, Wash : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819447285 ; , s. 285-290
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulsed TV holography is an all-electronic version of pulsed holographic interferometry. Such a system was used to study ignition of pre-mixed flammable gases. The object was recorded in its undisturbed and disturbed state followed by an evaluation of the changes in refractive index field between those two states. The essential components of the set-up are an injection seeded, twin cavity double pulsed Nd:YAG laser and a CCD camera. A focused laser pulse from the same laser that was used for the recording of the digital hologram initiated the ignition of the pre-mixed gas. Results from the recordings show the ignition process. From the experimental phase maps the refractive index of the gas mixture could be determined. This method makes it possible to determine the proportion of components in a pre-mixed flammable gas in situ
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| 104. |
- Mattsson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Pulsed TV holography and schlieren studies, and large eddy simulations of a turbulent jet diffusion flame
- 2004
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Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180 .- 1556-2921. ; 139:1-2, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the search for an improved understanding of jet-flame dynamics we here compare predictions from large-eddy simulations (LES) and measurements using schlieren and holographic interferometry of a round turbulent jet diffusion flame. The studies concern a turbulent propane-air (C3H8-O-2/N-2) diffusion flame under ambient conditions at a Reynolds number of Re = 10(4). The interferometric measurements were performed with an all-electronic method, pulsed TV holography, using a pulsed laser and a fast charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The LES calculations use the probability density function (PDF) flamelet approach with a beta function as the probability density function, whereas the subgrid turbulence is modeled with a one-equation eddy viscosity model. In order to validate the LES model quantitative comparisons of first-order statistical moments of the velocity were first made with available data for nonreactive jets. The LES model captures the statistics well. The next step in the validation process concerns comparing the jet-flame development between LES and the schlieren and pulsed TV holography data. To this end the results of the LES calculations were used to simulate instantaneous interference patterns using ray tracing. The LES model describes the overall behavior of the flame successfully.
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| 105. |
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| 106. |
- Molin, Nils-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Transient wave response of the violin body
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 88:5, s. 2479-2481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this investigation, the dispersive, transient wave propagation field of a complete violin excited by a mechanically induced impulse at the top of the bridge is presented. By means of double pulsed holographic interferometry with a ruby laser as light source the propagating wave field is recorded. From presented interferograms, it is seen that initially the top plate acts mainly as a nonsymmetric dipole with centers at the two bridge feet. The back plate is strongly coupled to the motion of the top plate by the sound post and acts more like a monopole. Thus the position of the sound post is crucial to the performance of the instrument. The free edges at the f-holes are very early reached by the dispersive bending waves of high amplitude probably giving a significant contribution to the sound of the violin family instruments
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| 107. |
- Molin, Nils-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Transient wave response of the violin body revisited
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 90:4, s. 2192-2195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this investigation, the dispersive, transient wave propagation field of the top plate of a complete violin excited by a mechanically induced pulse at the top of the bridge is presented. A similar investigation has previously been made for excitation parallel with the top plate and is now completed with excitation perpendicular to the plate. From presented interferograms, it is seen that the top plate initially deforms in a nonsymmetric two-pole with centers at the two bridge feet. Shortly thereafter the two poles (valleys) are joined into one, but after 0.30 ms the displacement is still nonsymmetric with maximum motion at the bridge foot closest to the excitation point. From the measurements it can be concluded that for excitation parallel with the top plate, the plate between the f-holes acts mainly as a dipole, but with excitation perpendicular the same part acts mainly as a monopole. Thus the excitation of the top plate when playing the violin depends on the angle of the bow in relation to the top plate and should influence the tone character
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| 108. |
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| 109. |
- Nordin, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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DyNAMiC: A prospective longitudinal study of dopamine and brain connectomes : A new window into cognitive aging
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 100:6, s. 1296-1320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concomitant exploration of structural, functional, and neurochemical brain mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline is crucial in promoting healthy aging. Here, we present the DopamiNe, Age, connectoMe, and Cognition (DyNAMiC) project, a multimodal, prospective 5-year longitudinal study spanning the adult human lifespan. DyNAMiC examines age-related changes in the brain’s structural and functional connectome in relation to changes in dopamine D1 receptor availability (D1DR), and their associations to cognitive decline. Critically, due to the complete lack of longitudinal D1DR data, the true trajectory of one of the most age-sensitive dopamine systems remains unknown. The first DyNAMiC wave included 180 healthy participants (20–80 years). Brain imaging included magnetic resonance imaging assessing brain structure (white matter, gray matter, iron), perfusion, and function (during rest and task), and positron emission tomography (PET) with the [11C]SCH23390 radioligand. A subsample (n = 20, >65 years) was additionally scanned with [11C]raclopride PET measuring D2DR. Age-related variation was evident for multiple modalities, such as D1DR; D2DR, and performance across the domains of episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed. Initial analyses demonstrated an inverted u-shaped association between D1DR and resting-state functional connectivity across cortical network nodes, such that regions with intermediate D1DR levels showed the highest levels of nodal strength. Evident within each age group, this is the first observation of such an association across the adult lifespan, suggesting that emergent functional architecture depends on underlying D1DR systems. Taken together, DyNAMiC is the largest D1DR study worldwide, and will enable a comprehensive examination of brain mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline.
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| 110. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine D2 receptor availability is linked to hippocampal-caudate functional connectivity and episodic memory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:28, s. 7918-7923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (D1DRs and D2DRs) may contribute differently to various aspects of memory and cognition. The D1DR system has been linked to functions supported by the prefrontal cortex. By contrast, the role of the D2DR system is less clear, although it has been hypothesized that D2DRs make a specific contribution to hippocampus-based cognitive functions. Here we present results from 181 healthy adults between 64 and 68 y of age who underwent comprehensive assessment of episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed, along with MRI and D2DR assessment with [C-11]raclopride and PET. Caudate D2DR availability was positively associated with episodic memory but not with working memory or speed. Whole-brain analyses further revealed a relation between hippocampal D2DR availability and episodic memory. Hippocampal and caudate D2DR availability were interrelated, and functional MRI-based resting-state functional connectivity between the ventral caudate and medial temporal cortex increased as a function of caudate D2DR availability. Collectively, these findings indicate that D2DRs make a specific contribution to hippocampus-based cognition by influencing striatal and hippocampal regions, and their interactions.
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