| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Alexander, John H., et al.
(författare)
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Apixaban, an oral, direct, selective factor Xa inhibitor, in combination with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome : results of the Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Events (APPRAISE) trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 119:22, s. 2877-2885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: After an acute coronary syndrome, patients remain at risk of recurrent events. Apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, is a novel anticoagulant that may reduce these events but also poses a risk of bleeding. METHODS AND RESULTS: Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Events (APPRAISE) was a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Patients (n=1715) with recent ST-elevation or non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome were randomized to 6 months of placebo (n=611) or 1 of 4 doses of apixaban: 2.5 mg twice daily (n=317), 10 mg once daily (n=318), 10 mg twice daily (n=248), or 20 mg once daily (n=221). Nearly all patients received aspirin; 76% received clopidogrel. The primary outcome was International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. A secondary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, severe recurrent ischemia, or ischemic stroke. At the recommendation of the Data Monitoring Committee, the 2 higher-dose apixaban arms were discontinued because of excess total bleeding. Compared with placebo, apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 3.48; P=0.09) and 10 mg once daily (hazard ratio, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 4.61; P=0.005) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. Apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 1.19; P=0.21) and 10 mg once daily (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 1.04; P=0.07) resulted in lower rates of ischemic events compared with placebo. The increase in bleeding was more pronounced and the reduction in ischemic events was less evident in patients taking aspirin plus clopidogrel than in those taking aspirin alone. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a dose-related increase in bleeding and a trend toward a reduction in ischemic events with the addition of apixaban to antiplatelet therapy in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome. The safety and efficacy of apixaban may vary depending on background antiplatelet therapy. Further testing of apixaban in patients at risk of recurrent ischemic events is warranted.
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| 33. |
- Alexander, Karen P, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and multi-morbidity : Insights from the ARISTOTLE trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 208, s. 123-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often have multi-morbidity, defined as ≥3 comorbid conditions. Multi-morbidity is associated with polypharmacy, adverse events, and frailty potentially altering response to anticoagulation. We sought to describe the prevalence of multi-morbidity among older patients with AF and determine the association between multi-morbidity, clinical outcomes, and the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin.METHODS: In this post-hoc subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial, we studied enrolled patients age ≥ 55 years (n = 16,800). Patients were categorized by the number of comorbid conditions at baseline: no multi-morbidity (0-2 comorbid conditions), moderate multi-morbidity (3-5 comorbid conditions), and high multi-morbidity (≥6 comorbid conditions). Association between multi-morbidity and clinical outcomes were analyzed by treatment with a median follow-up of 1.8 (1.3-2.3) years.RESULTS: Multi-morbidity was present in 64% (n = 10,713) of patients; 51% (n = 8491) had moderate multi-morbidity, 13% (n = 2222) had high multi-morbidity, and 36% (n = 6087) had no multi-morbidity. Compared with the no multi-morbidity group, the high multi-morbidity group was older (74 vs 69 years), took twice as many medications (10 vs 5), and had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (4.9 vs 2.7) (all P < .001). Adjusted rates per 100 patient-years for stroke/systemic embolism, death, and major bleeding increased with multi-morbidity (Reference no multi-morbidity; moderate multi-morbidity 1.42 [1.24-1.64] and high multi-morbidity 1.92 [1.59-2.31]), with no interaction in relation to efficacy or safety of apixaban.CONCLUSIONS: Multi-morbidity is prevalent among the population with AF; efficacy and safety of apixaban is preserved in this subgroup supporting extension of trial results to the most complex AF patients.
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| 34. |
- Alfredsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in management and outcome in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome
- 2007
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ Publishing group Ltd. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 93:11, s. 1357-1362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study gender differences in management and outcome in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Design, setting and patients: Cohort study of 53 781 consecutive patients (37% women) from the Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive care Admissions (RIKS-HIA), with a diagnosis of either unstable angina pectoris or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. All patients were admitted to intensive coronary care units in Sweden, between 1998 and 2002, and followed for 1 year. Main outcome measures: Treatment intensity and in-hospital, 30-day and 1 -year mortality. Results: Women were older (73 vs 69 years, p<0.001) and more likely to have a history of hypertension and diabetes, but less likely to have a history of myocardial infarction or revascularisation. After adjustment, there were no major differences in acute pharmacological treatment or prophylactic medication at discharge. Revascularisation was, however, even after adjustment, performed more often in men (OR 1.15, 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.21). After adjustment, there was no significant difference in in-hospital (OR 1.03, 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.13) or 30-days (OR 1.07, 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.15) mortality, but at 1 year being male was associated with higher mortality (OR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.19). Conclusion: Although women are somewhat less intensively treated, especially regarding invasive procedures, after adjustment for differences in background characteristics, they have better long-term outcomes than men.
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| 35. |
- Alfredsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Similar outcome with an invasive strategy in men and women with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes From the Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART)
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 32:24, s. 3128-3136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To assess gender differences in outcome with an early invasive or non-invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods and results We included 46 455 patients [14 819 women (32%) and 31 636 men (68%)] from the SWEDEHEART register, with NSTE ACS, between 2000 and 2006, and followed them for 1 year. In the non-invasive strategy arm, the relative risk (RR) of death was (women vs. men) 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-1.11] and in the invasive strategy arm 1.12 (95% CI, 0.96-1.29). After adjustment for baseline differences between the genders, with propensity score and discharge medication, there was a similar trend towards better outcome among women in both the early non-invasive cohort [RR 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.99)] and the early invasive cohort [RR 0.90 (95% CI, 0.76-1.06)], although it did not reach statistical significance in the early invasive cohort. Results were similar with the combined endpoint death/myocardial infarction. An early invasive treatment was associated with a marked, and similar, mortality reduction in women [RR 0.46 (95% CI, 0.38-0.55)] and men [RR 0.45 (95% CI, 0.40-0.52)], without interaction with gender. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion In this large cohort of patients with NSTE ACS, reflecting real-life management, women and men had similar and better outcome associated with an invasive strategy.
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| 36. |
- Andersen, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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C-X-C Ligand 16 Is an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Death and Morbidity in Acute Coronary Syndromes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 39:11, s. 2402-2410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:The chemokine CXCL16 (C-X-C motif ligand 16) is a scavenger receptor for OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and involved in inflammation at sites of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the association of CXCL16 with clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Approach and Results:Serial measurements of CXCL16 were performed in a subgroup of 5142 patients randomized in the PLATO trial (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcome). Associations between CXCL16 and a composite of cardiovascular death, spontaneous myocardial infarction or stroke, and the individual components were assessed by multivariable Cox regression analyses. The hazard ratio per 50% increase in admission levels of CXCL16 analyzed as continuous variable was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.44-1.88), P<0.0001. This association remained statistically significant after adjustment for randomized treatment, clinical variables, CRP (C-reactive protein), leukocytes, cystatin C, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide), troponin T, GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15), and other biomarkers; hazard ratio 1.23 (1.05-1.45), P=0.0126. The admission level of CXCL16 was independently associated with cardiovascular death (1.50 [1.17-1.92], P=0.0014) but not with ischemic events alone, in fully adjusted analyses. No statistically independent association was found between CXCL16 measured at 1 month, or change in CXCL16 from admission to 1 month, and clinical outcomes.Conclusions:In patients with acute coronary syndrome, admission level of CXCL16 is independently related to adverse clinical outcomes, mainly driven by an association to cardiovascular death. Thus, CXCL16 measurement may enhance risk stratification in patients with this condition.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Armstrong, Paul W., et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of unfractionated heparin versus enoxaparin : a pooled analysis of ASSENT-3 and -3 PLUS data
- 2006
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Ingår i: CMJA. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Onlineutg. Med tittel. - : CMA Joule Inc.. - 0820-3946 .- 1488-2329. ; 174:10, s. 1421-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The optimal antithrombotic therapy to accompany tenecteplase in cases of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. We undertook a prespecified pooled analysis of data from the ASSENT-3 and ASSENT-3 PLUS trials. METHODS: We created a combined database of the 2040 and 818 patients who received enoxaparin in ASSENT-3 and ASSENT-3 PLUS, respectively, and compared them with the 2038 and 821 patients who received unfractionated heparin. RESULTS: The efficacy end point (a composite of 30-day mortality, reinfarction or refractory ischemia) was 12.2% with enoxaparin versus 16.0% with unfractionated heparin (p < 0.001); the combined end point of efficacy plus safety (a composite of 30-day mortality, reinfarction, refractory ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage [ICH] or major systemic bleeding) was 15.0% versus 18.0%, respectively (p = 0.003) [corrected] The 1049 patients urgently revascularized had greater benefit from enoxaparin (15.4% v. 10.1%, p = 0.013), yet the excess in major systemic bleeding evident with enoxaparin (3.3% v. 2.4%, p = 0.01) was largely confined to the 3492 patients without or before revascularization. Although ICH rates in the groups were similar (1.3% v. 0.9%, p = 0.26), an excess of ICH occurred among those administered enoxaparin during the ASSENT-3 PLUS trial (6.7% v. 0.8%, p = 0.013), especially among women over 75 years of age. INTERPRETATION: These data demonstrated the benefit of enoxaparin used in conjunction with tenecteplase, but raised caution about its prehospital use to treat STEMI in elderly women.
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| 40. |
- Armstrong, Paul W, et al.
(författare)
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ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes in PLATO : Insights from the ECG Substudy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 125:3, s. 514-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ticagrelor, when compared with clopidogrel, reduced the 12-month risk of vascular death/myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (ST-E ACS) intended to undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. This pre-specified electrocardiogram (ECG) substudy explored whether ticagrelor's association with vascular death and MI within one year would be amplified by: 1) the extent of baseline ST shift; and 2) subsequently associated with less residual ST changes at hospital discharge. METHODS AND RESULTS: ECGs were evaluated centrally in a core laboratory in 3,122 ticagrelor- and 3,084 clopidogrel-assigned patients having at least 1mm ST-E in two contiguous leads as identified by site investigators on the qualifying ECG. Patients with greater ST-segment shift at baseline had higher rates of vascular death/MI within one year. Amongst those who also had an ECG at hospital discharge (n=4,798), patients with ≥50% ∑ST-deviation (∑ST-dev) resolution had higher event-free survival than those with incomplete resolution (6.4% vs. 8.8%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.69 (0.54-0.88), p=0.003). The extent of ∑ST-dev resolution was similar irrespective of treatment assignment. The benefit of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel on clinical events was consistent irrespective of the extent of baseline ∑ST-dev (p(interaction)=0.728). When stratified according to conventional times from symptom onset i.e. ≤3 hours, 3-6 hours, >6 hours, the extent of baseline ∑ST-dev declined progressively over time. As time from symptom onset increased beyond three hours, the benefit of ticagrelor appeared to be more pronounced; however, the interaction between time and treatment was not significant (p=0.175). CONCLUSIONS: Ticagrelor did not modify ∑ST-dev resolution at discharge nor was its benefit affected by the extent of baseline ∑ST-dev. These hypothesis-generating observations suggest that the main effects of ticagrelor may not relate to the rapidity or the completeness of acute reperfusion, but rather the prevention of recurrent vascular events by more powerful platelet inhibition or other mechanisms.
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