| 401. |
|
|
| 402. |
|
|
| 403. |
- Wallin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding work contextual factors : a short-cut to evidence-based practice?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1545-102X .- 1741-6787. ; 3:4, s. 153-164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear that workplace contextual factors make an important contribution to provider and patient outcomes. The potential for health care professionals of using research in practice is also linked to such factors, although the exact factors or mechanisms for enhancing this potential are not understood. From a perspective of implementing evidence-based nursing practice, the authors of this article report on a study examining contextual factors. AIM: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of organizational improvement by measuring staff perceptions of work contextual factors. METHOD: The Quality Work Competence questionnaire was used in a repeated measurement survey with a 1-year break between the two periods of data collection. The sample consisted of 134 employees from four neonatal units in Sweden. FINDINGS: Over the study period significant changes occurred among staff perceptions, both within and between units, on various factors. Changes in staff perceptions on skills development and participatory management were the major predictors of enhanced potential of overall organizational improvement. Perceived improvement in skills development and performance feedback predicted improvement in leadership. Change in commitment was predicted by perceived decreases in work tempo and work-related exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings indicate the potential for organizational improvement by developing a learning and supportive professional environment as well as by involving staff in decision-making at the unit level. Such initiatives are also likely to be of importance for enhanced use of research in practice and evidence-based nursing. On the other hand, high levels of work tempo and burnout appear to have negative consequences on staff commitment for improving care and the work environment. A better understanding of workplace contextual factors is necessary for improving the organizational potential of getting research into practice and should be considered in future implementation projects.
|
|
| 404. |
- Wallin, Margareta, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Educational sweets
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Bioscience explained. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 405. |
- Wallin, Margareta, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Eductional sweets
- 2004
-
Ingår i: www.bioscience-explained.org. ; 2:1, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 406. |
- Wallin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Kidney cadmium levels and associations with urinary calcium and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study in Sweden.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Environmental health : a global access science source. - 1476-069X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) can cause renal damage and osteoporosis after high-level exposure. Recently such effects, including increased urinary excretion of calcium, have been shown also at low-level exposure, as measured by Cd in blood or urine. However, associations with kidney Cd have not been examined. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between kidney Cd and urinary calcium excretion, or bone mineral density.
|
|
| 407. |
- Wallin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-level cadmium exposure and effects on kidney function
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 71:12, s. 848-854
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The nephrotoxicity of cadmium at low levels of exposure, measured by urinary cadmium, has recently been questioned since co-excretion of cadmium and proteins may have causes other than cadmium toxicity. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between kidney function and low or moderate cadmium levels, measured directly in kidney biopsies. Methods We analysed cadmium in kidney biopsies (K-Cd), blood (B-Cd) and urine (U-Cd) from 109 living kidney donors in a cross-sectional study. We measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR), cystatin C in serum, albumin, -2-microglobulin (B2M), retinol-binding protein (RBP), -1-microglobulin (A1M), N-acetyl--d-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) in 24h and overnight urine. Results We found significant positive associations between A1M excretion and K-Cd in multiple regression models including age, sex, weight, smoking and urinary flow rate. This association was also present in never-smokers. A1M was also positively associated with B-Cd and U-Cd. GFR and the other biomarkers of kidney function were not associated with K-Cd. GFR estimated from serum cystatin C showed a very poor correlation with measured GFR. KIM-1, RBP and possibly albumin were positively associated with U-Cd, but only in overnight urine. No associations were found with B2M. Conclusions Our results suggest that A1M in urine is a sensitive biomarker for effects of low-level cadmium exposure. A few associations between other renal biomarkers and U-Cd, but not K-Cd, were probably caused by physiological co-excretion or chance.
|
|
| 408. |
- Wallin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-Level Cadmium Exposure Is Associated with Decreased Bone Mineral Density and Increased Risk of Incident Fractures in Elderly Men: The MrOS Sweden Study.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681 .- 0884-0431. ; 31:4, s. 732-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One risk factor for osteoporosis which has attracted increasing attention in recent years is exposure to cadmium. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between low-level cadmium exposure, from diet and smoking, and BMD and incident fractures in elderly men. The study population consisted of 936 men from the Swedish cohort of the MrOS study, aged 70-81 years at inclusion (year 2002-2004), with reliable data on cadmium in urine (U-Cd) analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in baseline samples. The participants also answered a questionnaire on lifestyle factors and medical history. BMD was measured at baseline using DXA in the total body, hip, and lumbar spine. During the follow-up period (until 2013), all new fractures were registered by date and type. Associations between BMD and U-Cd were assessed using multiple linear regression, and associations between incident fractures and baseline U-Cd were analyzed using Cox regression. In both cases, a number of potential confounders and other risk factors (e.g. age, smoking, BMI, and physical activity) were included in the models. We found significant negative associations between U-Cd and BMD, with lower BMD (4-8%) for all sites in the fourth quartile of U-Cd, using the first quartile as the reference. In addition, we found positive associations between U-Cd and incident fractures, especially non-vertebral osteoporosis fractures in the fourth quartile of U-Cd, with hazard ratios of 1.8-3.3 in the various models. U-Cd as a continuous variable was significantly associated with non-vertebral osteoporosis fractures (adjusted hazard ratio 1.3-1.4 per µg Cd/g creatinine), also in never-smokers, but not with the other fracture groups (all fractures, hip fractures, vertebral fractures, and other fractures). Our results indicate that even relatively low cadmium exposure through diet and smoking increases the risk of low BMD and osteoporosis-related fractures in elderly men. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 409. |
- Wallin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-level cadmium exposure is associated with decreased cortical thickness, cortical area and trabecular bone volume fraction in elderly men: The MrOS Sweden study.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2763 .- 8756-3282. ; 43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that high-level exposure to cadmium can cause bone disease such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia and fractures. However, the effect of low-level exposure, as found in the general population (mainly derived from diet and smoking), has only been assessed recently. The aim of this study was to examine if cadmium exposure in the general Swedish population causes other bone changes than decreased areal bone mineral density as measured by traditional DXA technology, e.g. changes in microstructure and geometry, such as cortical thickness or area, cortical porosity and trabecular bone volume. The study population consisted of 444 men, aged 70-81 years at inclusion year 2002-2004, from the Swedish cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Cadmium was analyzed in baseline urine samples (UCd). Different parameters of bone geometry and microstructure were measured at the distal tibia at follow-up in 2009, including examination with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Associations between bone parameters and UCd in tertiles were estimated in multivariable analyses, including potential confounding factors (age, smoking, BMI, and physical activity). We found significant associations between UCd and several bone geometry or microstructure parameters, with 9% lower cortical thickness (p = 0.03), 7% lower cortical area (p = 0.04), and 5% lower trabecular bone volume fraction (p = 0.02) in the third tertile of UCd, using the first tertile as the reference. Furthermore, significant negative associations were found between log-transformed UCd and cortical thickness, cortical area, trabecular number and trabecular bone volume fraction, and a significant positive association with trabecular separation. The results indicate that low-level Cd exposure in the general population has negative effects on both cortical and trabecular bone.
|
|
| 410. |
- Wallin, Maria, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Meso-ordered PEG-based particles
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 31:1, s. 13-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the formation of meso-ordered hydrogel particles by cross-linking poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) in the presence of surfactants in a confined environment. The results demonstrated that well-ordered mesoporous hydrogel particles having a pore size of about 5 nm could be formed. It is suggested that these meso-ordered hydrogel particles might have unique drug-delivery capabilities
|
|
