| 711. |
- Juran, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
-
The need to collect, aggregate, and analyze global anesthesia and surgery data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0832-610X. ; 66:2, s. 218-229
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Sustainable Development Goals era, there is a new awareness of the need for an integrated approach to healthcare interventions and a strong commitment to Universal Health Coverage. To achieve the goal of strengthening entire health systems, surgery, as a crosscutting treatment modality, is indispensable. For any health system strengthening exercise, baseline data and longitudinal monitoring of progress are necessary. With improved data capabilities, there are unparalleled possibilities to map out and understand systems, integrating data from many sources and sectors. Nevertheless, there is also a need to prioritize among indicators to avoid information overload and data collection fatigue. There is a similar need to define indicators and collection methodology to create standardized and comparable data. Finally, there is a need to establish data pathways to ensure clear responsibilities amongst national and international institutions and integrate surgical metrics into existing mechanisms for sustainable data collection. This is a call to collect, aggregate, and analyze global anesthesia and surgery data, with an account of existing data sources and a proposed way forward.
|
|
| 712. |
- Justesen, L., et al.
(författare)
-
The Breakfast Club - co-creational meal practices as rehabilitation strategies in nursing homes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 29:Suppl. 4, s. 178-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: A growing aging population demands new welfare public health activities in nursing homes. Involving residents in meal activity through a co-creational approach as part of a rehabilitation strategy has been suggested as a solution, but knowledge is limited. This project explore how co-creational meal practices in a breakfast club might improve residents’ food related functionality and quality of life.Methods: The project is designed as a three-year complex intervention study in a Danish nursing home. A breakfast club is held with 4-5 residents (16 all together) and 2-6 staff members on a weekly basis during a period of 10 month. Residents are on shift hosting the club and all members are preparing the meal together. The degree of food related functionality is assessed after each club and is analyzed through paired t-test on mean values. Semi-structured interviews in combination with Research Driven Photo-Elicitation is conducted with 16 residents and 8-10 staff members before, during and after holding the clubs in order to evaluate quality of life and potentials for implementing meal practices to everyday practices. A hermeneutic analysis strategy is applied.Results: Preliminary results from 12 breakfast clubs finds an increase in residents food related functionality. Data will be presented in November 2019. All residents express impact on quality of life independent of physical or mental state. Improved functionality is not the main value for participation in the breakfast club. Staff became aware of utilizing residents food related functionality.Conclusions: The study will contribute with new knowledge about whether co-creational meal activities could have a positive effect on functional abilities and improve health-related quality of life in residents in nursing homes. A meal practice based on co-creation has potential to become implemented as a public health activity in nursing homes and increase residents’ quality of life and food related functionality.
|
|
| 713. |
|
|
| 714. |
- Kao-Walter, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
-
A Finite Element Analysis of a Crack Penetrating or Deflecting into an Interface in a Thin Laminate
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Key Engineering Materials. - Switzerland : Trans. Tech. Publications. - 1013-9826 .- 1662-9795. ; 312, s. 173-178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crack tip driving force of a crack growing from a pre-crack that is perpendicular to and terminating at an interface between two materials is investigated using a linear fracture mechanics theory. The analysis is performed both for a crack penetrating the interface, growing straight ahead, and for a crack deflecting into the interface. The results from finite element calculations are compared with asymptotic solutions for infinitesimally small crack extensions. The solution is found to be accurate even for fairly large amounts of crack growth. Further, by comparing the crack tip driving force of the deflected crack with that of the penetrating crack, it is shown how to control the path of the crack by choosing the adhesion of the interface relative to the material toughness.
|
|
| 715. |
- Kapoor, Pooja Middha, et al.
(författare)
-
Combined associations of a polygenic risk score and classical risk factors with breast cancer risk
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 113:3, s. 329-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the joint associations between a new 313-variant PRS (PRS313) and questionnaire-based breast cancer risk factors for women of European ancestry, using 72 284 cases and 80 354 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Interactions were evaluated using standard logistic regression and a newly developed case-only method for breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen receptor status. After accounting for multiple testing, we did not find evidence that per-standard deviation PRS313 odds ratio differed across strata defined by individual risk factors. Goodness-of-fit tests did not reject the assumption of a multiplicative model between PRS313 and each risk factor. Variation in projected absolute lifetime risk of breast cancer associated with classical risk factors was greater for women with higher genetic risk (PRS313 and family history) and, on average, 17.5% higher in the highest vs lowest deciles of genetic risk. These findings have implications for risk prevention for women at increased risk of breast cancer.
|
|
| 716. |
- Kappen, Jasper, et al.
(författare)
-
Standardization of clinical outcomes used in allergen immunotherapy in allergic asthma : An EAACI position paper
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 0105-4538. ; 78:11, s. 2835-2850
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In allergic asthma patients, one of the more common phenotypes might benefit from allergen immunotherapy (AIT) as add-on intervention to pharmacological treatment. AIT is a treatment with disease-modifying modalities, the evidence for efficacy is based on controlled clinical trials following standardized endpoint measures. However, so far there is a lack of a consensus for asthma endpoints in AIT trials. The aim of a task force (TF) of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is evaluating several outcome measures for AIT in allergic asthma. Methods: The following domains of outcome measures in asthmatic patients have been evaluated for this position paper (PP): (i) exacerbation rate, (ii) lung function, (iii) ICS withdrawal, (iv) symptoms and rescue medication use, (v) questionnaires (PROMS), (vi) bronchial/nasal provocation, (vii) allergen exposure chambers (AEC) and (viii) biomarkers. Results: Exacerbation rate can be used as a reliable objective primary outcome; however, there is limited evidence due to different definitions of exacerbation. The time after ICS withdrawal to first exacerbation is considered a primary outcome measure. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages and clinical implications of further domains of asthma endpoints in AIT trials are elaborated in this PP. Conclusion: This EAACI-PP aims to highlight important aspects of current asthma measures by critically evaluating their applicability for controlled trials of AIT.
|
|
| 717. |
- Karim, A., et al.
(författare)
-
An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: high-resolution 870 mu m source counts
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 432:1, s. 2-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first counts of faint submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) in the 870-mu m band derived from arcsecond-resolution observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We have used ALMA to map a sample of 122 870-mu m-selected submillimetre sources drawn from the 0 degrees.5x0 degrees.5 the Large Apex BOlometer CAmera (LABOCA) Extended Chandra Deep Field South submillimetre survey (LESS). These ALMA maps have an average depth of sigma 870(mu m) similar to 0.4 mJy, some approximately three times deeper than the original LABOCA survey and critically the angular resolution is more than an order of magnitude higher, FWHM of similar to 1.5 arcsec compared to similar to 19 arcsec for the LABOCA discovery map. This combination of sensitivity and resolution allows us to precisely pinpoint the SMGs contributing to the submillimetre sources from the LABOCA map, free from the effects of confusion. We show that our ALMA-derived SMG counts broadly agree with the submillimetre source counts from previous, lower resolution single-dish surveys, demonstrating that the bulk of the submillimetre sources are not caused by blending of unresolved SMGs. The difficulty which well-constrained theoretical models have in reproducing the high surface densities of SMGs, thus remains. However, our observations do show that all of the very brightest sources in the LESS sample, S-870 (mu m) greater than or similar to 12 mJy, comprise emission from multiple, fainter SMGs, each with 870-mu m fluxes of less than or similar to 9 mJy. This implies a natural limit to the star formation rate in SMGs of less than or similar to 10(3) M-circle dot yr(-1), which in turn suggests that the space densities of z > 1 galaxies with gas masses in excess of similar to 5 x 10(10) M-circle dot is
|
|
| 718. |
- Karling, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
-
Function and dysfunction of the colon and anorectum in adults: working team report of the Swedish Motility Group (SMoG).
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 44:6, s. 646-60
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Symptoms of fecal incontinence and constipation are common in the general population. These can, however, be unreliably reported and are poorly discriminatory for underlying pathophysiology. Furthermore, both symptoms may coexist. In the elderly, fecal impaction always must be excluded. For patients with constipation, colon transit studies, anorectal manometry and defecography may help to identify patients with slow-transit constipation and/or pelvic floor dysfunction. The best documented medical treatments for constipation are the macrogols, lactulose and isphagula. Evolving drugs include lubiprostone, which enhances colonic secretion by activating chloride channels. Surgery is restricted for a highly selected group of patients with severe slow-transit constipation and for those with large rectoceles that demonstrably cause rectal evacuatory impairment. For patients with fecal incontinence that does not resolve on antidiarrheal treatment, functional and structural evaluation with anorectal manometry and endoanal ultrasound or magnetic resonance (MR) of the anal canal may help to guide management. Sacral nerve stimulation is a rapidly evolving alternative when other treatments such as biofeedback and direct sphincter repair have failed. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology as a guide to treatment of patients with constipation and fecal incontinence is a continuing important goal for translational research. The content of this article is a summary of presentations given by the authors at the Fourth Meeting of the Swedish Motility Group, held in Gothenburg in April 2007.
|
|
| 719. |
- Karlsson, Tomas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
The MEFISTO and WPT Electric Field Sensors of the Plasma Wave Investigation on the BepiColombo Mio Spacecraft Measurements of Low and High Frequency Electric Fields at Mercury
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Nature. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 216:8
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the design of MEFISTO (Mercury Electric Field In-Situ Tool) and WPT (Wire Probe Antenna) electric field sensors for Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) on the BepiColombo Mio spacecraft (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO). The two sensors will enable the first observations of electric fields, plasma waves and radio waves in and around the Hermean magnetosphere and exosphere. MEFISTO and WPT are dipole antennas with 31.6 m tip-to-tip length. Each antenna element has a spherical probe at each end of the wire (15 m length). They are extended orthogonally in the spin plane of the spacecraft and enable measurements of the electric field in the frequency range of DC to 10 MHz by the connection to two sets of receivers, EWO for a lower frequency range and SORBET for higher frequencies. In the initial operations after the launch (20 Oct. 2018), we succeeded to confirm the health of both antennas and to release the launch lock of the WPT. After Mercury orbit insertion planned at the end of 2025, both sensors will be fully deployed and activate full operations of the PWI electric field measurements.
|
|
| 720. |
|
|
