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Sökning: WFRF:(Walter M)

  • Resultat 1061-1070 av 1158
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1061.
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1062.
  • Romieu, Isabelle, et al. (författare)
  • Energy balance and obesity : what are the main drivers?
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 28:3, s. 247-258
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The aim of this paper is to review the evidence of the association between energy balance and obesity. Methods: In December 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France convened a Working Group of international experts to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). Results: The global epidemic of obesity and the double burden, in LMICs, of malnutrition (coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition) are both related to poor quality diet and unbalanced energy intake. Dietary patterns consistent with a traditional Mediterranean diet and other measures of diet quality can contribute to long-term weight control. Limiting consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has a particularly important role in weight control. Genetic factors alone cannot explain the global epidemic of obesity. However, genetic, epigenetic factors and the microbiota could influence individual responses to diet and physical activity. Conclusion: Energy intake that exceeds energy expenditure is the main driver of weight gain. The quality of the diet may exert its effect on energy balance through complex hormonal and neurological pathways that influence satiety and possibly through other mechanisms. The food environment, marketing of unhealthy foods and urbanization, and reduction in sedentary behaviors and physical activity play important roles. Most of the evidence comes from High Income Countries and more research is needed in LMICs.
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1063.
  • Roth-Walter, Franziska, et al. (författare)
  • Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement : Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases—An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO)
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 76:1, s. 90-113
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell–based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell–based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell–based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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1064.
  • Rothkaehl, H., et al. (författare)
  • Diagnostics of Space Plasma on Board International Space Station - ISS
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Contributions to Plasma Physics. - : Wiley. - 0863-1042 .- 1521-3986. ; 51:2-3, s. 158-164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electromagnetic emissions observed in the nearest Earth environment are a superposition of natural emissions and various types of man-made noises. Also, as a consequence of catastrophic events on the Earth surface such as: thunderstorm activity, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, electromagnetic signals are registered on board low orbiting satellites. Therefore, a more accurate physical description of such a complex and dynamic system calls for a long term multi-point and multi-scales coordinated monitoring of space environment. The aim of OBSTANOVKA experiment on board ISS station is to monitor and diagnose the electromagnetic radiation and property of plasma around station, to enable the development theory of near Earth plasma interaction and for application purposes in space technology. To achieve these goals the Plasma-Wave Complex (PWC) was designed and constructed. Radio Frequency Analyser (RFA) has been developed jointly by SRC PAS in Warsaw and by IRF in Uppsala. New design radio receiver for frequency band 0.1-15 MHz, with three electric and magnetic field component of antenna system on board ISS was designed to monitoring and investigate the ionospheric plasma property and artificial noises generated around ISS. The instrument can be also used for monitoring the electromagnetic ecosystem for space weather purpose. New digital technology of this instrument creates a excellent possibility for monitoring the electromagnetic emissions in space and time domain.
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1065.
  • Roy, Alan, et al. (författare)
  • VLBI at APEX: First Fringes
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - 1824-8039. ; , s. 1-6
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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1066.
  • Ruggeri, Barbara, et al. (författare)
  • Methylation of OPRL1 mediates the effect of psychosocial stress on binge drinking in adolescents
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 9:6, s. 50-658
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Nociceptin is a key regulator linking environmental stress and alcohol drinking. In a genome-wide methylation analysis, we recently identified an association of a methylated region in the OPRL1 gene with alcohol-use disorders.METHODS: Here, we investigate the biological basis of this observation by analysing psychosocial stressors, methylation of the OPRL1 gene, brain response during reward anticipation and alcohol drinking in 660 fourteen-year-old adolescents of the IMAGEN study. We validate our findings in marchigian sardinian (msP) alcohol-preferring rats that are genetically selected for increased alcohol drinking and stress sensitivity.RESULTS: We found that low methylation levels in intron 1 of OPRL1 are associated with higher psychosocial stress and higher frequency of binge drinking, an effect mediated by OPRL1 methylation. In individuals with low methylation of OPRL1, frequency of binge drinking is associated with stronger BOLD response in the ventral striatum during reward anticipation. In msP rats, we found that stress results in increased alcohol intake and decreased methylation of OPRL1 in the nucleus accumbens.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings describe an epigenetic mechanism that helps to explain how psychosocial stress influences risky alcohol consumption and reward processing, thus contributing to the elucidation of biological mechanisms underlying risk for substance abuse.
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1067.
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1068.
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1069.
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1070.
  • Saraiva, Juno, V, et al. (författare)
  • A Network-Assisted Game-Theoretic Design to Power Control in Autoregressive Fading Channels
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: IEEE Communications Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1089-7798 .- 1558-2558. ; 26:7, s. 1663-1667
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several previous works have proposed game-theoretic approaches to controlling the pilot and data power levels in the uplink of both single and multi-cell multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems. Unfortunately, the vast majority of existing works design these power control schemes under the assumption that the wireless channels between the mobile terminals and the serving base station are block fading. Meanwhile, several letters have shown that modeling fast fading channels as autoregressive (AR) processes with known or estimated state transition matrices give much more accurate results than those suggested by block fading models. Thus, this letter proposes a game-theoretic approach to controlling the uplink pilot and data power levels in a MU-MIMO system, in which the wireless channels are AR processes with mobile terminal-specific state transition matrices. We find that the proposed approach outperforms a classical cellular path-loss compensating fractional power control scheme and a game-theoretic power control scheme designed for block fading channels.
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