| 3651. |
- Su, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Optical signal processing in SOI waveguide devices
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, OECC 2009. - 9781424441037 ; , s. -733
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate optical signal processing in silicon ring resonators, including slow-light delay of digital and microwave photonic signals, dense wavelength conversions/multicasting, optical up-convertion, format conversions, temporal differentiation, and bio-sensing.
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| 3652. |
- Su, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Signal processing in silicon waveguides
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, ACP 2009. - Washington, D.C. : OSA. - 9781557528773 ; , s. 5377017-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate optical signal processing in silicon ring resonators, including slow and fast in silicon rings, optical delay of digital and microwave photonic signals, dense wavelength conversions/multicasting, optical up-conversion, format conversions, temporal differentiation, and bio-sensing.
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| 3653. |
- Sui, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Defense responses to short-term hypoxia and seawater acidification in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rising anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 results in the reduction of seawater pH, namely ocean acidification (OA). In East China Sea, the largest coastal hypoxic zone was observed in the world. This region is also strongly impacted by ocean acidification as receiving much nutrient from Changjiang and Qiantangjiang, and organisms can experience great short-term natural variability of DO and pH in this area. In order to evaluate the defense responses of marine mussels under this scenario, the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus were exposed to three pH/pCO(2) levels (7.3/2800 [(mu atm, 7.7/1020 mu atm, 8.1/376 mu atm) at two dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO, 2.0, 6.0 mg L-1) for 72 h. Results showed that byssus thread parameters, such as the number, diameter, attachment strength and plaque area were reduced by low DO, and shell-closing strength was significantly weaker under both hypoxia and low pH conditions. Expression patterns of genes related to mussel byssus protein (MBP) were affected by hypoxia. Generally, hypoxia reduced MBP1 and MBP7 expressions, but increased MBP13 expression. In conclusion, both hypoxia and low pH induced negative effects on mussel defense responses, with hypoxia being the main driver of change. In addition, significant interactive effects between pH and DO were observed on shell-closing strength. Therefore, the adverse effects induced by hypoxia on the defense of mussels may be aggravated by low pH in the natural environments.
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| 3654. |
- Sui, Y. M., et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant response of the hard shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to reduced pH and oxygen concentration
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513. ; 137, s. 94-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean acidification (OA) and hypoxic events are increasing worldwide problems, their interactive effects have not been well clarified, although their co-occurrence is prevalent. The East China Sea (the Yangtze River estuary area) suffers from not only coastal hypoxia but also pH fluctuation, representing an ideal study site to explore the combined effect of OA and hypoxia on marine bivalves. We experimentally evaluated the antioxidant response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to three pH levels (8.1, 7.7 and 7.3) at two dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (2.0 mg L-1 and 6.0 mg L-1) for 72 h. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase and levels of malondialdehyde were measured in gills and hemolymph. All enzymatic activities in hemolymph and gills followed a similar pattern throughout the experiment duration. Generally, low DO showed greater effects on enzyme activities than elevated CO2. Significant interactions between DO, pH and time were only observed at superoxide dismutase and catalase in both tissues. PCA revealed positive relationships between most enzyme activities in both gills and hemolymph with the exception of alkaline phosphatase activity and the level of malondialdehyde in the hemolymph. Overall, our results suggested that decreased pH and low DO induced similar antioxidant responses in the hard shelled mussel, and showed an additive effect on most enzyme activities. The evaluation of multiple environmental stessors, a more realistic scenario than single ones, is crucial to predict the effect of future global changes on coastal species and our results supply some insights on the potential combined effects of reduced pH and DO on marine bivalves.
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| 3655. |
- Sui, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Mining urban sustainable performance : Spatio-temporal emission potential changes of urban transit buses in post-COVID-19 future
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emission benefits of transit buses depend on ridership. Declines in ridership caused by COVID-19 leads uncertainty about the emission reduction capacity of buses. This paper provides a method framework for analyzing spatio-temporal emission patterns of buses in combination with real-time ridership and potential emission changes in the post-COVID-19 future. Based on GPS trajectory and Smart Card data of 2056 buses from 278 routes covering 1.5 million ridership in Qingdao, China, spatio-temporal emissions characteristics of buses are studied. 7589 taxis with 0.2 million passengers’ trips are used for acquiring private cars’ emissions to evaluate the emissions difference between buses and cars. Empirical results show that the average difference between buses and cars with 2 persons can reach up to 117 g/km-person during 7:00–8:59 and 115 g/km-person during 17:00–18:59. However, buses have various emission benefits around the city at different periods. A double increase in emissions during non-rush hours can be observed compared with rush hours. 224 online survey data are used to study the potential ridership reduction trend in post-COVID-19. Results show that 56.3% of respondents would decrease the usage of buses in the post-COVID-19 future. Based on this figure, our analysis shows that per kilometer-person emissions of buses are higher than cars during non-rush hours, however, still lower than cars during rush hours. We conclude that when ridership reduces by more than 40%, buses cannot be “greener” travel modal than cars as before. Finally, several feasible policies are suggested for this potential challenge. Our study provides convincing evidence for understanding the emission patterns of buses, to support better buses investment decisions and promotion on eco-friendly public transport service in the post-COVID-19 future.
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| 3656. |
- Sullivan, Patrick F., et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging base-pair mammalian constraint to understand genetic variation and human disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6643, s. 367-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thousands of genomic regions have been associated with heritable human diseases, but attempts to elucidate biological mechanisms are impeded by an inability to discern which genomic positions are functionally important. Evolutionary constraint is a powerful predictor of function, agnostic to cell type or disease mechanism. Single-base phyloP scores from 240 mammals identified 3.3% of the human genome as significantly constrained and likely functional. We compared phyloP scores to genome annotation, association studies, copy-number variation, clinical genetics findings, and cancer data. Constrained positions are enriched for variants that explain common disease heritability more than other functional annotations. Our results improve variant annotation but also highlight that the regulatory landscape of the human genome still needs to be further explored and linked to disease.
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| 3657. |
- Sullivan, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Global cancer surgery: delivering safe, affordable, and timely cancer surgery
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 16:11, s. 1193-1224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgery is essential for global cancer care in all resource settings. Of the 15.2 million new cases of cancer in 2015, over 80% of cases will need surgery, some several times. By 2030, we estimate that annually 45 million surgical procedures will be needed worldwide. Yet, less than 25% of patients with cancer worldwide actually get safe, aff ordable, or timely surgery. This Commission on global cancer surgery, building on Global Surgery 2030, has examined the state of global cancer surgery through an analysis of the burden of surgical disease and breadth of cancer surgery, economics and fi nancing, factors for strengthening surgical systems for cancer with multiple-country studies, the research agenda, and the political factors that frame policy making in this area. We found wide equity and economic gaps in global cancer surgery. Many patients throughout the world do not have access to cancer surgery, and the failure to train more cancer surgeons and strengthen systems could result in as much as US$ 6.2 trillion in lost cumulative gross domestic product by 2030. Many of the key adjunct treatment modalities for cancer surgery-eg, pathology and imaging-are also inadequate. Our analysis identifi ed substantial issues, but also highlights solutions and innovations. Issues of access, a paucity of investment in public surgical systems, low investment in research, and training and education gaps are remarkably widespread. Solutions include better regulated public systems, international partnerships, super-centralisation of surgical services, novel surgical clinical trials, and new approaches to improve quality and scale up cancer surgical systems through education and training. Our key messages are directed at many global stakeholders, but the central message is that to deliver safe, aff ordable, and timely cancer surgery to all, surgery must be at the heart of global and national cancer control planning.
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| 3658. |
- Sun, C., et al.
(författare)
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Conformers, properties, and docking mechanism of the anticancer drug docetaxel : DFT and molecular dynamics studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Chemistry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0192-8651 .- 1096-987X. ; 39:15, s. 889-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conformational structures and properties of the anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) are studied theoretically. A total of 3888 trial structures were initially generated by all combinations of internal single-bond rotamers and screened with the B3LYP/3-21G* method. A total of 31 unique conformers were further optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G* method. Their relative energies, dipole moments, rotational constants, and harmonic vibrational frequencies were predicted. Single-point relative energies were then determined at the M06-L/6-311G(2df,p) level. The UV spectrum of the lowest-lying DTX conformer in methanol was investigated with the TD-CAM-B3LYP/6-311 + G(2df,p) method. The 31 unique DTX structures are mainly docked at three different sites within β-tubulin. Based on the results of molecular docking and double-float MD simulations, the lowest-lying DTX conformer consistently exhibits good docking performance with β-tubulin. We identified the residues LYS299, ARG215, GLN294, LEU275, THR216, GLU290, PRO274, and THR276 on β-tubulin as active sites forming a binding pocket responsible for locking DTX within β-tubulin to make the combination more stable. The RMSD values show that the predicted complexes are favorable, and the SASA analysis shows that the hydrophilic properties of DTX are better than paclitaxel.
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| 3659. |
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| 3660. |
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