| 1091. |
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| 1092. |
- Santosa, Ailiana, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFailure to promote early detection and better management of hypertension will contribute to the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to assess the gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, together with its associated factors, in China and Sweden.MethodsWe used data from two cross-sectional studies: the Vasterbotten Intervention Program in northern Sweden (n =25,511) and the Shanghai survey in eastern China (n=25,356). We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension.ResultsMen had a higher prevalence of hypertension (43% in Sweden, 39% in China) than their female counterparts (29 and 36%, respectively). In Sweden, men were less aware of, less treated for, and had less control over their hypertension than women. Chinese men were more aware of, had similar levels of treatment for, and had less control over their hypertension compared to women. Awareness and control of hypertension was lower in China compared to Sweden. Only 33 and 38% of hypertensive Chinese men and women who were treated reached the treatment goals, compared with a respective 48 and 59% in Sweden. Old age, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, low physical activity and overweight or obesity were found to increase the odds of hypertension and its diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study shows the age and gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden. Multisectoral intervention should be developed to address the increasing burden of sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity and diabetes, all of which are linked to the prevention and control of hypertension. Development and implementation of the gender- and context-specific intervention for the prevention and control of hypertension facilitates understanding with regard to the implementation barriers and facilitators.
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| 1093. |
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| 1094. |
- Schoch, CL, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 109:16, s. 6241-6246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six DNA regions were evaluated as potential DNA barcodes for Fungi, the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, by a multinational, multilaboratory consortium. The region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 used as the animal barcode was excluded as a potential marker, because it is difficult to amplify in fungi, often includes large introns, and can be insufficiently variable. Three subunits from the nuclear ribosomal RNA cistron were compared together with regions of three representative protein-coding genes (largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and minichromosome maintenance protein). Although the protein-coding gene regions often had a higher percent of correct identification compared with ribosomal markers, low PCR amplification and sequencing success eliminated them as candidates for a universal fungal barcode. Among the regions of the ribosomal cistron, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has the highest probability of successful identification for the broadest range of fungi, with the most clearly defined barcode gap between inter- and intraspecific variation. The nuclear ribosomal large subunit, a popular phylogenetic marker in certain groups, had superior species resolution in some taxonomic groups, such as the early diverging lineages and the ascomycete yeasts, but was otherwise slightly inferior to the ITS. The nuclear ribosomal small subunit has poor species-level resolution in fungi. ITS will be formally proposed for adoption as the primary fungal barcode marker to the Consortium for the Barcode of Life, with the possibility that supplementary barcodes may be developed for particular narrowly circumscribed taxonomic groups.
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| 1095. |
- Shahid, Bilal, et al.
(författare)
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Low-bandgap polymers with quinoid unit as π bridge for high-performance solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-4956. ; 40:2020, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To construct efficient low band gap polymers, increasing the Quinone structure of the polymer backbone could be one desirable strategy. In this work, two D–Q–A–Q polymers P1 and P2 were designed and synthesized with thiophenopyrrole diketone (TPD) and benzothiadiazole (BT) unit as the core and ester linked thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (TT) segment as π-bridging, and the main focus is to make a comparative analysis of different cores in the influence of the optical, electrochemical, photochemical and morphological properties. Compared with the reported PBDTT EH –TBTT HD−i , P1 exhibited the decreased HOMO energy level of −5.38 eV and lower bandgap of 1.48 eV. Furthermore, when replaced with BT core, P2 showed a red-shifted absorption profile of polymer but with up-shifted HOMO energy level. When fabricated the photovoltaic devices in conventional structure, just as expected, the introduction of ester substituent made an obvious increase of V OC from 0.63 to 0.74 V for P1. Besides, due to the deep HOMO energy level, higher hole mobility and excellent phase separation with PC 71 BM, a superior photovoltaic performance (PCE = 7.13%) was obtained with a short-circuit current density (J SC ) of 14.9 mA/cm 2 , significantly higher than that of P2 (PCE = 2.23%). Generally, this study highlights that the strategy of inserting quinoid moieties into D–A polymers could be optional in LBG-polymers design and presents the importance and comparison of potentially competent core groups.
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| 1096. |
- Shao, Wen-ZE, et al.
(författare)
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Gradient-based discriminative modeling for blind image deblurring
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 413, s. 305-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blind image deconvolution is a fundamental task in image processing, computational imaging, and computer vision. It has earned intensive attention in the past decade since the seminal work of Fergus et al. [1] for camera shake removal. In spite of the recent great progress in this field, this paper aims to formulate the blind problem with a simpler modeling perspective. What is more important, the newly proposed approach is expected to achieve comparable or even better performance towards the real blurred images. Specifically, the core critical idea is the proposal of a pure gradient-based discriminative prior for accurate and robust blur kernel estimation. Numerous experimental results on both the benchmark datasets and real-world blurred images in various imaging scenarios, e.g., natural, manmade, low-illumination, text, or people, demonstrate well the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
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| 1097. |
- Shao, X. -F, et al.
(författare)
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Screening of sugar alcohols and their binary eutectic mixtures as phase change materials for low-to-medium temperature latent heat storage. (Ⅰ) : Non-isothermal melting and crystallization behaviors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 160, s. 1078-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Towards latent heat storage in the low-to-medium temperature range (70–250 °C), screening of sugar alcohols and their binary eutectic mixtures as potential phase change materials was carried out by focusing on the non-isothermal melting and crystallization behaviors. A preliminary screening shortened the long list of isomers from common four-carbon to six-carbon sugar alcohols to only six affordable candidates, i.e., xylitol, d-sorbitol, erythritol, d-mannitol, d-dulcitol and inositol (ordered with increasing the melting point). Based on the six pre-screened sugar alcohols, a total of 15 binary eutectic mixtures were prepared to manipulate the melting points for more flexible match with real applications. Non-isothermal tests were then performed on a differential scanning calorimeter at various ramping/cooling rates up to 10 °C/min. In addition to determination of the melting point and latent heat of fusion, a special attention was paid to the crystallization behaviors by undertaking consecutive melting-crystallization cyclic tests. It was found that the two candidates with the lowest melting points (both below 100 °C), i.e., xylitol and d-sorbitol, as well as the nine binary eutectic mixtures containing at least one of them, are unable to crystallize from the melt during cool-down at any cooling rates tested (down to 0.5 °C/min). Four other binary eutectic mixtures, i.e., erythritol (84 mol%) + d-mannitol, erythritol (95 mol%) + d-dulcitol, erythritol (96 mol%) + inositol and d-dulcitol (69 mol%) + inositol, were also shown to be unable to crystallize upon cooling, with the crystallization occurring during the reheating process instead, referred to as cold crystallization. The rest four pure sugar alcohols with relatively high melting points (110–230 °C), i.e., erythritol, d-mannitol, d-dulcitol, inositol, and two mixtures, i.e., d-mannitol (70 mol%) + d-dulcitol and d-mannitol (82 mol%) +inositol, were found to be able to crystallize upon cooling, although they all suffer from severe supercooling (e.g., up to over 100 °C for erythritol). The affordable pure and mixture sugar alcohols were deemed to have desirably high latent heat storage density, especially for those with higher melting points. However, they all face specific issues associated with crystallization, which must be addressed before they can really be utilized in real applications. In addition, it may not worth making eutectic mixtures, although this is deemed to be an effective way of manipulating the melting points of sugar alcohols.
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| 1098. |
- Shen, E., et al.
(författare)
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Chromatin remodeling by the NuRD complex regulates development of follicular helper and regulatory T cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 115:26, s. 6780-6785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lineage commitment and differentiation into CD4(+) T cell subsets reflect an interplay between chromatin regulators and transcription factors (TF). Follicular T cell development is regulated by the Bc16 TF, which helps determine the phenotype and follicular localization of both CD4(+) follicular helper T cells (T-FH) and follicular regulatory T cells (T-FR). Here we show that Bc16-dependent control of follicular T cells is mediated by a complex formed between Bc16 and the Mi-2 beta-nucleosome-remodeling deacetylase complex (Mi-2 beta-NuRD). Formation of this complex reflects the contribution of the intracellular isoform of osteopontin (OPN-i), which acts as a scaffold to stabilize binding between Bc16 and the NuRD complex that together regulate the genetic program of both T-FH and T-FR cells. Defective assembly of the Bc16-NuRD complex distorts follicular T cell differentiation, resulting in impaired T-FR development and skewing of the T-FH lineage toward a T(H)1-like program that includes expression of Blimp1, Tbet, granzyme B, and IFN gamma. These findings define a core Bc16-directed transcriptional complex that enables CD4(+) follicular T cells to regulate the germinal center response.
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| 1099. |
- Shen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Wearable carbon nanotube devices for sensing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Industrial applications of carbon nanotubes. - : Elsevier. - 9780323415316 - 9780323414814 ; , s. 179-199
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for wearable sensing device fabrication is an interesting area, attracting sustained scientific and technological interest. Acquisition of information from wearable technologies is considered a cornerstone in person-centered health informatics, because of its independence, currency, and timeliness. The unique physical and chemical properties (such as high aspect ratio, ultralight weight, high mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity, and high thermal conductivity) of CNTs make them an attractive nanomaterial for wearable sensor fabrication. Extensive efforts will continuously be made in both academia and industry in the research and development of wearable CNT sensors to enhance their function, flexibility, energy saving, and longevity. We will discuss recent advances in the design and application of wearable devices based on CNT materials for sensing, especially in the fields of medical equipment, motion detection, and environmental sensor.
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| 1100. |
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