| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Gao, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Trap-Induced Losses in Hybrid Photovoltaics
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 8:4, s. 3213-3221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the loss mechanisms in hybrid photovoltaics based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) with CdSe nanocrystals of various sizes. By combining the spectroscopic and electrical measurements on working devices as well as films, we identify that high trap-mediated recombination is responsible for the loss of photogenerated charge carriers in devices with small nanocrystals. In addition, we demonstrate that the reduced open-circuit voltage for devices with small nanocrystals is also caused by the traps.
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| 43. |
- Gao, S., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical Properties of ZrO2 Honeycomb Sandwich Structures by 3D Printing
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Honeycomb sandwich structures were widely used in lightweight design. However, the difficulties with the fabrication process actually highly limit their practical usage, especially for ceramic materials. In this paper, 3 mol% yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (3Y-TZP) honeycomb sandwich structures with square and hexagonal cell were prepared successfully by using digital light processing (DLP) printing method. With a base material density of >6.02g/cm3, square/hexagonal honeycomb sandwich structures with structural density of 42.89%-66.24% were achieved by modifying unit cell wall thickness. It can be concluded that square honeycomb cell is preferred for getting higher bending strength at the same structural density.
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| 44. |
- Guo, Shize, et al.
(författare)
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Securing IoT Space via Hardware Trojan Detection
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2327-4662. ; 7:11, s. 11115-11122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hardware Trojan (HT) is a malicious modification in the chip circuitry, which may lead to undesired chip function changing or sensitive information leaking once activated. As recently studied, HT has become one of the main threats for Internet-of-Things (IoT) security, and therefore, protecting IoT against the HT attack attracts growing attention from IoT researchers. In this article, we propose an HT detection technique which makes use of chip temporal thermal information and self-organizing map (SOM) neural network to automatically isolate the Trojan-infected chips with the Trojan-free ones, and meanwhile, confirm the Trojan location at the infected chips. The experimental results reveal that our method is effective. Specifically, for the Trust-hub benchmarks, it can detect HTs which increase only 0.02% power consumption of the original design and localize the Trojan positions precisely without any error. In addition, we demonstrate the advantages of our method over two existing HT detection methods, namely, the thermal and power map (TPM) and ring oscillator net (RON), and make a thorough discussion on how the thermal image resolution, chip technology, and clustering algorithm affect the Trojan detection results.
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| 45. |
- Guo, Shize, et al.
(författare)
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Security-Aware Task Mapping Reducing Thermal Side Channel Leakage in CMPs
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 15:10, s. 5435-5443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chip multiprocessor (CMP) suffers from growing threats on hardware security in recent years, such as side channel attack, hardware Trojan infection, chip clone, etc. In this paper, we propose a security-aware (SA) task mapping method to reduce the information leakage from CMP thermal side channel. First, we construct a mathematical function that can estimate the CMP security cost corresponding to a given mapping result. Then, we develop a greedy mapping algorithm that automatically allocates all threads of an application to a set of proper cores, such that the total security cost is optimized. Finally, we perform extensive experiments to evaluate our method. The experimental results show that our SA mapping effectively decreases the CMP side channel leakage. Compared to the two existing task mapping methods, Linux scheduler (LS; a standard Linux scheduler) and NoC-Sprinting (NS; a thermal-aware mapping technique), our method reduces side-channel vulnerability factor by up to 19 & x0025; and 7 & x0025;, respectively. Moreover, our method also gains higher computational efficiency, with improvement in million instructions per second achieving up to 100 & x0025; against NS and up to 33 & x0025; against LS.
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| 46. |
- Guo, Xiaoxian, et al.
(författare)
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Understand the genomic diversity and evolution of fungal pathogen Candida glabrata by genome-wide analysis of genetic variations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9130 .- 1046-2023. ; 176, s. 82-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yeast Candida glabrata, an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, is the second most prevalent cause of candidiasis worldwide, with an infection incidence that has been increasing in the past decades. The completion of the C. glabrata reference genome made fundamental contributions to the understanding of the molecular basis of its pathogenic phenotypes. However, knowledge of genome-wide genetic variations among C. glabrata strains is limited. In this study, we present a population genomic study of C. glabrata based on whole genome re-sequencing of 47 clinical strains to an average coverage of ∼63×. Abundant genetic variations were identified in these strains, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertion/deletions (indels) and copy number variations (CNVs). The observed patterns of variations revealed clear population structure of these strains. Using population genetic tests, we detected fast evolution of several genes involved in C. glabrata adherence ability, such as EPA9 and EPA10. We also located genome structural variations, including aneuploidies and large fragment CNVs, in regions that are functionally related to virulence. Subtelometric regions were hotspots of CNVs, which may contribute to variation in expression of adhesin genes that are important for virulence. We further conducted a genome-wide association study that identified two SNPs in the 5′UTR region of CST6 that were associated with fluconazole susceptibility. These observations provide convincing evidence for the highly dynamic nature of the C. glabrata genome with potential adaptive evolution to clinical environments, and offer valuable resources for investigating the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and virulence in this fungal pathogen. (249 words)
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| 47. |
- Ha, Minh Ngoc, et al.
(författare)
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Morphology-controlled synthesis of SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures and their photocatalytic performance for water splitting
- 2016
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 6:25, s. 21111-21118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different morphologies of SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures like nanocubes, nanoparticles, nanospheres, and nanofibers were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using TiO2 as both a template and precursor in Sr(OH)(2) solution. Their structure, interface and composition can be rationally tailored by simply adjusting the Sr(OH)(2)/TiO2 (Sr/Ti) mole ratios and the morphology of SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures can be controlled easily using TiO2 with different morphologies. A SrTiO3 crystal thin layer was grown on an anatase TiO2 substrate to fabricate a heterostructure interface contact between SrTiO3 and TiO2 and the lattice mismatch had an effect on the electrical transport properties. The SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures are beneficial for the fast separation of photogenerated electrons and holes so as to suppress the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes at the interface of SrTiO3 and TiO2. Besides this, the different morphologies of the SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures allowing facile electron transfer, the hierarchical structure promoting mass transfer and allowing more light reflection and absorption, and the large specific surface area providing more reaction sites to facilitate the reactants to the desired oxidation places all together create a synergistic effect to improve the photocatalytic activity of the hierarchical SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures. Under the irradiation of UV light, in a water/methanol sacrificial reagent system, the SrTiO3/TiO2 NP heterostructures at a Sr/Ti mole ratio of 40% with the highest BET and smallest crystallite size achieve the highest photocatalytic activity generating 0.731 mmol of H-2. The SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructures exhibit better photocatalytic activity by generating three times more H-2 than bare TiO2 and pure SrTiO3.
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| 48. |
- Han, Fenghui, et al.
(författare)
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Energy analysis and multi-objective optimization of waste heat and cold energy recovery process in LNG-fueled vessels based on a triple organic Rankine cycle
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904. ; 195, s. 561-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the high level of pollutant emissions from traditional marine diesel engines, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as clean energy is becoming a better choice for main engines to replace the traditional fuels. Meanwhile, in order to improve the energy efficiency of the marine power system, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been regarded as the most suitable solution to recover the waste heat for the power generation of vessels. In this paper, both the waste heat of the main engine and the cold energy of LNG have been fully considered, and a novel triple ORC process has been proposed for the waste heat and cold energy recovery of LNG-fueled vessels. It adopts the exhaust gas of the main engine and the cooling water from the engine jacket as heat sources, and uses the cold energy of LNG and the sea water as cold sources. Based on the 15 optional working fluid conditions, the heat source utilization rate, system exergy efficiency, net output power, and system cost are, respectively, combined as two objectives, and the multi-objective adaptive firefly algorithm is used to optimize the thermodynamic performance of the system. The optimization results of different heat and cold sources as well as the design parameters have been discussed. Finally, the system's exergy loss has been analyzed to make suggestions for further improvement. The results show that this novel ORC system can better meet the energy recovery requirements of LNG-fueled vessels, with higher net output power, lower cost, and greater energy recovery efficiency. The largest exergy loss of the system exists in the condensers of the stages 2 and 3, and the expanders in the various stages. Therefore, subsequent cooling energy recovery and the use of Stirling engines can be considered to further improve the system efficiency.
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| 49. |
- Huang, Lam O., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide discovery of genetic loci that uncouple excess adiposity from its comorbidities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : Springer Nature. - 2522-5812. ; 3:2, s. 228-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of individuals with obesity do not suffer cardiometabolic comorbidities. The mechanisms that uncouple adiposity from its cardiometabolic complications are not fully understood. Here, we identify 62 loci of which the same allele is significantly associated with both higher adiposity and lower cardiometabolic risk. Functional analyses show that the 62 loci are enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue, and for regulatory variants that influence nearby genes that affect adipocyte differentiation. Genes prioritized in each locus support a key role of fat distribution (FAM13A, IRS1 and PPARG) and adipocyte function (ALDH2, CCDC92, DNAH10, ESR1, FAM13A, MTOR, PIK3R1 and VEGFB). Several additional mechanisms are involved as well, such as insulin-glucose signalling (ADCY5, ARAP1, CREBBP, FAM13A, MTOR, PEPD, RAC1 and SH2B3), energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation (IGF2BP2), browning of white adipose tissue (CSK, VEGFA, VEGFB and SLC22A3) and inflammation (SH2B3, DAGLB and ADCY9). Some of these genes may represent therapeutic targets to reduce cardiometabolic risk linked to excess adiposity.
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| 50. |
- Jang, Seon-Kyeong, et al.
(författare)
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Rare genetic variants explain missing heritability in smoking.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature human behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 6:11, s. 1577-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common genetic variants explain less variation in complex phenotypes than inferred from family-based studies, and there is a debate on the source of this 'missing heritability'. We investigated the contribution of rare genetic variants to tobacco use with whole-genome sequences from up to 26,257 unrelated individuals of European ancestries and 11,743 individuals of African ancestries. Across four smoking traits, single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based heritability ([Formula: see text]) was estimated from 0.13 to 0.28 (s.e., 0.10-0.13) in European ancestries, with 35-74% of it attributable to rare variants with minor allele frequencies between 0.01% and 1%. These heritability estimates are 1.5-4 times higher than past estimates based on common variants alone and accounted for 60% to 100% of our pedigree-based estimates of narrow-sense heritability ([Formula: see text], 0.18-0.34). In the African ancestry samples, [Formula: see text] was estimated from 0.03 to 0.33 (s.e., 0.09-0.14) across the four smoking traits. These results suggest that rare variants are important contributors to the heritability of smoking.
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