| 61. |
- Liu, Shenhai, et al.
(författare)
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The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogue Liraglutide Reduces Seizures Susceptibility, Cognition Dysfunction and Neuronal Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dravet syndrome (DS) is a refractory epilepsy typically caused by heterozygous mutations of the Scn1a gene, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes, have recently become attractive treatment modalities for patients with nervous system disease; however, the impact of GLP-1 analogues on DS remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective role of liraglutide in mouse and cell models of Scn1a KO-induced epilepsy. Epileptic susceptibility, behavioral changes, and behavioral seizures were assessed using electroencephalography (EEG), IntelliCage (TSE Systems, Bad Homburg, Germany), and the open field task. Morphological changes in brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice in vitro. Scn1a KO model cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and the effect of liraglutide on cellular apoptosis levels was examined using Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Apoptotic signal proteins and mTOR were assessed using reverse transcription - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Our results showed that liraglutide significantly increased mRNA ((0.31 ± 0.04) *10-3 vs. (1.07 ± 0.08) * 10-3, P = 0.0004) and protein (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.27 ± 0.02, P = 0.0006) expression of Scn1a in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice. In addition, liraglutide significantly alleviated electroencephalographic seizures, the severity of responses to epileptic seizures (96.53 ± 0.45 % vs. 85.98 ± 1.24 %, P = 0.0003), cognitive dysfunction, and epileptic-related necrotic neurons (9.76 ± 0.91 % vs. 19.65 ± 2.64 %, P = 0.0005) in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice. Moreover, liraglutide protected against Scn1a KO-induced apoptosis, which was manifested in the phosphorylation of mTOR (KO+NS: 1.99 ± 0.31 vs. KO+Lira: 0.97 ± 0.18, P = 0.0004), as well as the downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 (KO+NS: 0.49 ± 0.04 vs. KO+Lira: 0.30 ± 0.01, P = 0.0003) and restoration of the imbalance between BAX (KO+NS: 0.90 ± 0.02 vs. KO+Lira: 0.75 ± 0.04, P = 0.0005) and BCL-2 (KO+NS: 0.46 ± 0.02 vs. KO+Lira: 0.61 ± 0.02, P = 0.0006). Collectively, these results show that liraglutide reduces seizure susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of Dravet syndrome, and exerts anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects in Scn1a KO mice and cells.
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| 62. |
- Lu, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of connection availability in optical networks with multi-failure assumption
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. - : SPIE. - 0819462497 - 9780819462497
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical networks carry an increasing amount of traffic due to the rapid growth of IP and multimedia services. Therefore the impact of network failures on this traffic and thus user services is growing fast. In addition some network services are heavily dependent upon the availability of communication resources. Consequently, network operators have to deal with the steadily growing availability requirement. Thus, survivability mechanisms need to be provided in the networks to meet the connection availability requirement. There are several protection schemes that can be applied to improve connection availability in the network. Shared Path Protection (SPP) scheme is selected in this paper due to its efficiency in resource utilization .In many works the SPP scheme has been studied to solve a single failure problem. However, in large networks the occurrence of multiple concurrent failures cannot be neglected [1]-[3]. In this respect we studied the SPP scheme for mesh optical transport networks with multiple failure scenario and developed connection availability model with multiple failure assumption instead of traditional single failure assumption. In this paper we present the analytical model for connection availability in SPP mesh network with multiple failure assumption. Our model is more general than the traditional model adopted for single failure assumption and also is more general than the work for two protection paths. We also developed a simulator to evaluate our analytical model. The results show that the connection unavailability obtained by simulations is very close to the theoretical value, which approve that our algorithm is accurate.
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| 63. |
- Matynia, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral sensory neurons expressing melanopsin respond to light
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neural Circuits. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5110. ; 10:AUG
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of light to cause pain is paradoxical. The retina detects light but is devoid of nociceptors while the trigeminal sensory ganglia (TG) contain nociceptors but not photoreceptors. Melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are thought to mediate light-induced pain but recent evidence raises the possibility of an alternative light responsive pathway independent of the retina and optic nerve. Here, we show that melanopsin is expressed in both human and mouse TG neurons. In mice, they represent 3% of small TG neurons that are preferentially localized in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and are likely nociceptive C fibers and high-threshold mechanoreceptor Aδ fibers based on a strong size-function association. These isolated neurons respond to blue light stimuli with a delayed onset and sustained firing, similar to the melanopsin-dependent intrinsic photosensitivity observed in ipRGCs. Mice with severe bilateral optic nerve crush exhibit no light-induced responses including behavioral light aversion until treated with nitroglycerin, an inducer of migraine in people and migraine-like symptoms in mice. With nitroglycerin, these same mice with optic nerve crush exhibit significant light aversion. Furthermore, this retained light aversion remains dependent on melanopsin-expressing neurons. Our results demonstrate a novel light-responsive neural function independent of the optic nerve that may originate in the peripheral nervous system to provide the first direct mechanism for an alternative light detection pathway that influences motivated behavior.
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| 64. |
- Mei, Antonio B., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption-controlled growth and properties of epitaxial SnO films
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2475-9953. ; 3:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When it comes to providing the unusual combination of optical transparency, p-type conductivity, and relatively high mobility, Sn2+-based oxides are promising candidates. Epitaxial films of the simplest Sn2+ oxide, SnO, are grown in an adsorption-controlled regime at 380 degrees C on Al2O3 substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy, where the excess volatile SnOx desorbs from the film surface. A commensurately strained monolayer and an accompanying van der Waals gap is observed near the substrate interface, promoting layers with high structural perfection notwithstanding a large epitaxial lattice mismatch (-12%). The unintentionally doped films exhibit p-type conductivity with carrier concentration 2.5 x 10(16) cm(-3) and mobility 2.4 cm(2) V(-1)s(-1) at room temperature. Additional physical properties are measured and linked to the Sn2+ valence state and corresponding lone-pair charge-density distribution.
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| 65. |
- Muhammad, Zahir, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature Modulating Fermi Level Pinning in 2D GeSe for High‐Performance Transistor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Electronic Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2199-160X. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 2D layered germanium selenide (GeSe) material possesses in-plane anisotropy because of low-symmetry crystal structure with a new degree of freedom for enhanced optical and electronic properties. However, their systematic vibrational and electronics properties are still under the scope to study. Herein, the vibrational properties of GeSe sheets are studied by Raman spectroscopy. Whereas, the temperature-dependent electronic band structure is studied using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) combined with density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the field-effect transistor (FET) is fabricated on a few-layer GeSe with high performance. The vibrational modes (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) demonstrates linear softening as the temperature increases, with temperature coefficient value associated by anharmonic phonon–phonon/electron coupling. Besides, the enhanced dielectric screening effect of long-range Coulomb and interlayer interaction is observed from bulk to monolayer. Similarly, ARPES results further show Fermi level movement toward the valance band as increased temperature represents hole doping to pining the Fermi level, which indicates superior carrier concentration for electronic properties. The fabricated FET device on six layers GeSe exhibits high carrier mobility of 52.89 cm2 V−1 s−1 with an on/off ratio above 4 × 105 at room temperature, while it decreased below the room temperature. Our results provide the important figure of merit for GeSe-based novel nanoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.
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| 66. |
- Pan, Wei-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Measurement of a Nonlocal Entangled Quantum State
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 123:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entanglement and the wave function description are two of the core concepts that make quantum mechanics such a unique theory. A method to directly measure the wave function, using weak values, was demonstrated by Lundeen et al. [Nature 474, 188 (2011)]. However, it is not applicable to a scenario of two disjoint systems, where nonlocal entanglement can be a crucial element, since that requires obtaining weak values of nonlocal observables. Here, for the first time, we propose a method to directly measure a nonlocal wave function of a bipartite system, using modular values. The method is experimentally implemented for a photon pair in a hyperentangled state, i.e., entangled both in polarization and momentum degrees of freedom.
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| 67. |
- Prakash, G. K. Surya, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Lived Trifluoromethanide Anion: A Key Intermediate in Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylations.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 53:43, s. 11575-11578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trifluoromethanide anion is the postulated key intermediate in nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reactions. However, for more than six decades, the trifluoromethanide anion was widely believed to exist only as a short-lived transient species in the condensed phase. It has now been prepd. in bulk for the first time in THF soln. The trifluoromethanide anion with the [K(18-crown-6)]+ cation was unequivocally characterized by low-temp. 19F and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Its intermediacy in nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reactions was directly evident by its reaction chem. with various electrophilic substrates. Variable-temp. NMR spectroscopy, along with quantum mech. calcns., support the persistence of the trifluoromethanide anion. [on SciFinder(R)]
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| 68. |
- Prakash, G. K. Surya, et al.
(författare)
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The Trifluoromethyl Group as a Conformational Stabilizer and Probe: Conformational Analysis of Cinchona Alkaloid Scaffolds.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 136:29, s. 10418-10431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of the CF3 group on the C9 atom in quinidine can significantly increase the conformational interconversion barrier of the cinchona alkaloid scaffold. With this modification the conformational behavior of cinchona alkaloids in various solvents can be conveniently studied via 19F NMR spectroscopy. Based on the reliable conformational distribution information obtained, the accuracy of both theor. (PCM) and empirical (Kamlet-Taft) solvation models was assessed using linear free energy relation methods. The empirical solvation model provides accurate prediction of solvent effects, while PCM demonstrated a relatively low reliability. Using similar empirical solvation models along with Karplus-type equations, the conformational behavior of quinidine and 9-epi-quinidine also was studied. A model SN2 reaction was presented to reveal the important role of solvent-induced conformational behavior of cinchona alkaloids in their reactivity. [on SciFinder(R)]
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| 69. |
- Qian, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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A cloud service platform integrating additive and subtractive manufacturing with high resource efficiency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing has been studied for years, yet commercial implementations are still limited. The recent advances in information technology have stimulated the free sharing of additive and subtractive manufacturing (A/SM) resources through cloud services. Currently, due to the lack of a general method to model manufacturing capabilities, as well as the absence of an open platform to integrate business and manufacturing processes, it is difficult to integrate A/SM resources within one platform efficiently and seamlessly. In this research, a service encapsulation model for A/SM resources was described using ontology modeling technique. A collaborative cloud platform integrating A/SM was designed that can provide optimal production plans considering time, cost, quality, and energy waste during manufacturing. The proposed platform and models were demonstrated by a prototype system and tested in a case study, which showed the integrated platform can increase the utilization rate of resources while reducing energy consumption. This research has provided a practical tool for virtualization, integration, and configuration of A/SM resource with high efficiency. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 70. |
- Qin, Xiao, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Recrystallization and texture evolution of warm-pilgered FeCrAl alloy tube during annealing at 850°C
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115. ; 562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recrystallization annealing of warm-pilgered FeCrAl tubes was the key to reduce the cracking and control the microstructure and properties of the cladding tube. The recrystallization and texture evolution of warm-pilgered FeCrAl tubes were investigated. The recrystallization kinetics and textural evolution during annealing were characterized using microhardness measurements and electron backscatter diffraction. The 3D-microstructure of the warm-pilgered FeCrAl tube exhibited heterogeneous deformed grains of α-fiber and γ-fiber orientation. The significant anisotropy results in different recrystallization kinetics in the axial and circumferential directions of the tube. The mirostructure maintains a stable grain size of ∼22 µm and an aspect ratio of 1.8 in the axial and circumferential directions within 0–600 min annealing time. The stable microstructure is due to the dispersion of fine Laves phase particles in the ferrite matrix. Quantitative texture analysis shows that the α-fiber texture decreased significantly and the γ-fiber increased after recrystallization. During the annealing process, the α-fiber strong point texture component {112}<110> turns into {223}<110> and the γ-fiber component {111}<110> turns into {111}<112>. The recrystallization and texture evolution of warm-pilgered FeCrAl tube is of great significance to preparation and microstructure control of final cladding tube.
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