| 11. |
- Chorell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of probiotic feeding during weaning on the serum lipid profile and plasma metabolome in infants
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 110:1, s. 116-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut microbiome interacts with the host in the metabolic response to diet, and early microbial aberrancies may be linked to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders later in life. Probiotics have been proposed to affect metabolic programming and blood lipid levels, although studies are lacking in infants. Here, we report on the lipid profile and global metabolic response following daily feeding of probiotics during weaning. A total of 179 healthy, term infants were randomised to daily intake of cereals with (n 89) or without (n 90) the addition of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) 108 colony-forming units per serving from 4 to 13 months of age. Weight, length and skinfold thickness were monitored. Venous blood was drawn at 5·5 and 13 months of age for analysis of the serum lipid profile. In a subsample, randomly selected from each group, GC-time-of-flight/MS was used to metabolically characterise plasma samples from thirty-seven infants. A combination of multi- and univariate analysis was applied to reveal differences related to LF19 treatment based on 228 putative metabolites, of which ninety-nine were identified or classified. We observed no effects of probiotic feeding on anthropometrics or the serum lipid profile. However, we detected significantly lower levels of palmitoleic acid (16 : 1) (P < 0·05) and significantly higher levels of putrescine (P < 0·01) in LF19-treated infants. Palmitoleic acid is a major MUFA strongly linked to visceral obesity, while putrescine is a polyamine with importance for gut integrity. Whether the observed differences will have long-term health consequences are being followed.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- de Vries, Claire E. E., et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of the first global multidisciplinary consensus meeting including persons living with obesity to standardize patient-reported outcome measurement in obesity treatment research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 23:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality of life is a key outcome that is not rigorously measured in obesity treatment research due to the lack of standardization of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and PRO measures (PROMs). The S.Q.O.T. initiative was founded to Standardize Quality of life measurement in Obesity Treatment. A first face-to-face, international, multidisciplinary consensus meeting was conducted to identify the key PROs and preferred PROMs for obesity treatment research. It comprised of 35 people living with obesity (PLWO) and healthcare providers (HCPs). Formal presentations, nominal group techniques, and modified Delphi exercises were used to develop consensus-based recommendations. The following eight PROs were considered important: self-esteem, physical health/functioning, mental/psychological health, social health, eating, stigma, body image, and excess skin. Self-esteem was considered the most important PRO, particularly for PLWO, while physical health was perceived to be the most important among HCPs. For each PRO, one or more PROMs were selected, except for stigma. This consensus meeting was a first step toward standardizing PROs (what to measure) and PROMs (how to measure) in obesity treatment research. It provides an overview of the key PROs and a first selection of the PROMs that can be used to evaluate these PROs.
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| 14. |
- Domellöf, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Processed infant cereals as vehicles of functional components.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program.. ; 60, s. 107-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cereals are the most common complementary foods all over the world and there is now a novel possibility to add functional components to target health problems that are not caused by a simple nutritional deficiency. So far there have been very few published trials on the addition of functional components to infant cereals. A single trial has suggested that infant cereals containing a combination of probiotics, prebiotics and zinc are an effective adjunct to oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis. Up to now there has been no evidence that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics have a preventive effect on diarrhea but a recent study has suggested that a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein fraction added to an infant cereal reduces the risk of diarrhea in a developing country. There are some promising results suggesting that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics may prevent atopic eczema. The addition of prebiotic oligosaccharides to infant cereals may lead to softer stools, likely to benefit those infants who are suffering from constipation. More studies are needed to verify these results and to assess the effects of other functional components - especially probiotics, prebiotics, nucleotides, novel protein fractions and recombinant human milk proteins - added to infant cereals.
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| 15. |
- Dunstan, JA, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between maternal folate status in pregnancy, cord blood folate levels, and allergic outcomes in early childhood
- 2012
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 67:1, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dietary changes may epigenetically modify fetal gene expression during critical periods of development to potentially influence disease susceptibility. This study examined whether maternal and/or fetal folate status in pregnancy is associated with infant allergic outcomes.Methods: Pregnant women (n = 628) were recruited in the last trimester of pregnancy. Folate status determined by both food frequency questionnaires and folate levels in maternal and cord blood serum was examined in relation to infant allergic outcomes at 1 year of age (n = 484).Results: Infants who developed allergic disease (namely eczema) did not show any differences in cord blood or maternal folate levels compared with children without disease. Although maternal folate intake from foods was also not different, folate derived from supplements was higher (P = 0.017) in children with subsequent eczema. Furthermore, infants exposed to >500 μg folic acid/day as a supplement in utero were more likely to develop eczema than those taking <200 μg/day (OR [odds ratio] = 1.85; 95% CI 1.14–3.02;P = 0.013), remaining significant after adjustment for maternal allergy and other confounders. There was a nonlinear relationship between cord blood folate and sensitization, with folate levels <50 nmol/l (OR = 3.02; 95% CI 1.16–7.87; P = 0.024) and >75 nmol/l (OR = 3.59; 95% CI 1.40–9.20; P = 0.008) associated with greater sensitization risk than levels between 50 and 75 nmol/l.Conclusion: Fetal levels between 50 and 75 nmol/l appeared optimal for minimizing sensitization. While folate taken as a supplement in higher doses during the third trimester was associated with eczema, there was no effect on other allergic outcomes including sensitization. Further studies are needed to determine the significance of this.
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| 16. |
- Forsberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pre- and probiotics for allergy prevention: time to revisit recommendations?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 46:12, s. 1506-1521
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced intensity and diversity of microbial exposure is considered a major factor driving abnormal postnatal immune maturation and increasing allergy prevalence, particularly in more affluent regions. Quantitatively, the largest important source of early immunemicrobial interaction, the gut microbiota, is of particular interest in this context, with variations in composition and diversity in the first months of life associated with subsequent allergy development. Attempting to restore the health consequences of the ` dysbiotic drift in modern society, interventions modulating gut microbiota for allergy prevention have been evaluated in several randomized placebo-controlled trials. In this review, we provide an overview of these trials and discuss recommendations from international expert bodies regarding prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic interventions. Recent guidelines from the World Allergy Organization recommend the use of probiotics for the primary prevention of eczema in pregnant and breastfeeding mothers of infants at high risk for developing allergy and in high-risk infants. It is however stressed that these recommendations are conditional, based on very low-quality evidence and great heterogeneity between studies, which also impedes specific and practical advice to consumers on the most effective regimens. We discuss how the choice of probiotic strains, timing and duration of administration can critically influence the outcome due to different effects on immune modulation and gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, we propose strategies to potentially improve allergy-preventive effects and enable future evidence-based implementation.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Fox, Adam T., et al.
(författare)
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A specific synbiotic-containing amino acid-based formula in dietary management of cow's milk allergy : a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : BioMed Central. - 2045-7022 .- 2045-7022. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Here we report follow-up data from a double-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial, which investigated fecal microbiota changes with a new amino acid-based formula (AAF) including synbiotics in infants with non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow’s milk allergy (CMA).Methods: Subjects were randomized to receive test product (AAF including fructo-oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V) or control product (AAF) for 8 weeks, after which infants could continue study product until 26 weeks. Fecal percentages of bifidobacteria and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoidesgroup (ER/CC) were assessed at 0, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. Additional endpoints included stool markers of gut immune status, clinical symptoms, and safety assessments including adverse events and medication use.Results: The trial included 35 test subjects, 36 controls, and 51 in the healthy reference group. Study product was continued by 86% and 92% of test and control subjects between week 8–12, and by 71% and 80%, respectively until week 26. At week 26 median percentages of bifidobacteria were significantly higher in test than control [47.0% vs. 11.8% (p < 0.001)], whereas percentages of ER/CC were significantly lower [(13.7% vs. 23.6% (p = 0.003)]. Safety parameters were similar between groups. Interestingly use of dermatological medication and reported ear infections were lower in test versus control, p = 0.019 and 0.011, respectively. Baseline clinical symptoms and stool markers were mild (but persistent) and low, respectively. Symptoms reduced towards lowest score in both groups.Conclusion: Beneficial effects of this AAF including specific synbiotics on microbiota composition were observed over 26 weeks, and shown suitable for dietary management of infants with non-IgE-mediated CMA.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Fredriksson, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit pouch consumption does not associate with early manifestations of allergic disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 15:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumption of acidic fruit pouches in infancy may damage the epithelial barrier in the gastrointestinal tract and is suggested to increase allergy risk. We aimed to explore if a high fruit pouch consumption is associated with a higher incidence of early allergic manifestations. We included 2959 parent–child dyads from the Swedish prospective, population-based NorthPop birth cohort study with parentally reported data on frequency of fruit pouch consumption at 9 months of age, as well as parentally reported eczema, wheeze, physician-diagnosed asthma, and food allergy in the first 18 months of life. Immunoglobulin E levels (IgE) in serum (n = 1792), as response to a food mix and an inhalant mix, were determined at age 18 months. Compared with no consumption, daily consumption of one or more pouches at 9 months of age was associated with inhalant sensitization (odds ratio (OR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–4.87, n = 1792) but did not remain significant in the multivariable adjusted model (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 0.95–4.53, n = 1679). There were no associations between fruit pouch consumption and allergic manifestations at this young age. This study suggests that fruit pouch consumption is not associated with allergic phenotypes or IgE sensitization in early childhood.
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