| 11. |
- Skote, M., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical and experimental studies of wind environment in an urban morphology
- 2005
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 39:33, s. 6147-6158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to examine the relation between urban morphology (three-dimensional structure) and windiness. We regard a city as a porous obstacle, which is open at the top. We consider the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and a city to be both a function of the overall shape (silhouette or skyline) and the internal resistance to the flow caused by the friction when the wind flows over the urban surfaces. We regard the street pattern as an interconnected flow network with the crossings as nodes. Flow, along the streets is generated by pressure differences. We here use a highly idealized city model consisting of a circular block divided into two or four equally large sectors. Two types of cases are studied, the first with only one street through the city model with different angles between the street and the oncoming wind. The second case also contains a perpendicularly crossing street (through the center). Both wind tunnel experiments and numerical flow computations (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) are used and compared. The general agreement between the two is good and the CFD method offers new possibilities for quantifying the urban wind environment.
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| 12. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Framework for Detailed Comparison of Building Environmental Assessment Tools
- 2013
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Ingår i: Buildings. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 3:1, s. 39-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how Building Environmental Assessments Tools (BEATs) measure and define “environmental” building is of great interest to many stakeholders, but it is difficult to understand how BEATs relate to each other, as well as to make detailed and systematic tool comparisons. A framework for comparing BEATs is presented in the following which facilitates an understanding and comparison of similarities and differences in terms of structure, content, aggregation, and scope. The framework was tested by comparing three distinctly different assessment tools; LEED-NC v3, Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH), and EcoEffect. Illustrations of the hierarchical structure of the tools gave a clear overview of their structural differences. When using the framework, the analysis showed that all three tools treat issues related to the main assessment categories: Energy and Pollution, Indoor Environment, and Materials and Waste. However, the environmental issues addressed, and the parameters defining the object of study, differ and, subsequently, so do rating, results, categories, issues, input data, aggregation methodology, and weighting. This means that BEATs measure “environmental” building differently and push “environmental” design in different directions. Therefore, tool comparisons are important, and the framework can be used to make these comparisons in a more detailed and systematic way.
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| 13. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Les outils de mesure de la durabilité des bâtiments : comparaison transnationale
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annales de la Recherche Urbaine. - Paris : Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement durable et de l'aménagement du territoire. - 0180-930X. ; :105, s. 94-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Les outils d'évaluation environnementale des bâtiments se développent rapidement dans de nombreux pays. Tous prétendent mesurer la qualité environnementale ou la durabilité des bâtiments, et donnent un maximum de points à ce qui est durable d'une manière ou d'une autre. Mais pour l'instant il n'y a pas de consensus sur le sens des mots « vert » ou « durables » en termes de critères et d'indicateurs. Que cherchent à mesurer les indicateurs existant? Trois outils d'évaluation ont été retenus, l'américain LEED-NC, le britannique Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) et le suédois EcoEffect. Ils ont trois champs d'évaluation principale en commun : l'énergie, l'environnement intérieur, les matériaux et les déchets. En revanche les contenus sont différents. Ces outils ont été comparés quant à leur but, leur contenu, et leur manière d'agréger les items. Ils ont été testés sur un immeuble neuf de plusieurs étages. Les résultats de leur application à cet immeuble divergent, ce qui pose la question de la définition d'outils d'évaluation réellement pertinents.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
What is a "green" building according to different assessment tools?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 World Sustainable Building Conference. Vol. 2. - 9780646503721 ; , s. 2618-2625
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental assessment tools for buildings are rapidly developing in many countries. All of them claim that they measure “greenness” or “sustainability” of buildings, i.e. if maximum scores are awarded a building is sustainable in some respect. But so far there is no consensus on the interpretation of “green” or “sustainable” in terms of criteria and indicators.This article explores if different tools point in different directions regarding “green” building design. It also investigates characteristics of assessment tools and consequences of different approaches.Three distinctly different assessment tools, LEED-NC, Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and EcoEffect have been selected. They have three core assessment areas in common, namely Energy, Indoor Environment and Materials & Waste. The content however is different.The tools have been compared with respect to aim, content and aggregation. They have been tested on a new multi storey residential building. Assessments within the core areas were compared. Measures to improve the overall judgement were explored. The diverging result raises the question how to design environmentally relevant and practically useful assessment tools for buildings.
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| 17. |
- Westerberg, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Labelling of polysaccharides using [11C]cyanogen bromide : In vivo and in vitro evaluation of 11C-hyaluronan uptake kinetics
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 22:2, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for the 11C-labelling of polysaccharides in high specific radioactivity is described. Dextran and hyaluronan were treated with [11C]cyanogen bromide in aqueous solution at pH 11.5 to give 30-47% radiochemical yields with higher than 98% radiochemical purity in synthesis times of 24-26 min counted from the end of bombardment. Specific radioactivities at the end of synthesis ranged from 0.12 to 3.1 Ci/mumol. The biodistribution kinetics of [11C]hyaluronan injected intravenously was studied in rats by means of positron emission tomography, showing a rapid and displaceable uptake in liver. Uptake and displacement of [11C]hyaluronan was also demonstrated in cultured rat liver endothelial cells.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Westerberg, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived windiness in urban spaces.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The 6th International Conference on Urban Climate - Preprints. - 9163190001 ; , s. 209-212
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper discusses the perception of windiness in the urban environment and especially its visual aspects. Various urban spaces in two cities, both with a reputation of being windy, have been chosen for field studies. Perceived windiness of the spaces has been investigated through questionnaire surveys and on-site interviews simultaneous to climate measurements. Result: Windy has a negative connotation that interacts with other environmental aspects such as beauty and comfort. Also naturalness and mental images of what constitutes sheltered and windy places seem to influence the survey as well as the on-site assessments of windiness.
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| 20. |
- Wittbom, Eva, 1956-
(författare)
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Att spränga normer : om målstyrningsprocesser för jämställdhetsintegrering
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How do management control systems function when under pressure to mainstream gender equality into a core business? This question is being discussed with an interpretive approach from both the institutional and the gender perspective. Empirical evidence stems from two longitudinal case studies within the Swedish public sector where management by objectives (MBO) is the current model for governmental control. The analysis is based on four aspects: management by objectives, gender mainstreaming, the concept of loose coupling from organization studies and institutional change as translation.The gender perspective highlights constructions that tend to enable or to hamper gender equality. The sociological institutional perspective sheds light over rules, norms and culture. In the empirical cases, it becomes evident that formal goals within MBO proved unable to overrule prevailing norms that have grounded a well established gendered (malestream) culture. Control systems are designed to handle new issues; however, in the cases studied, this took place merely normatively and in line with the core business, not by changing the grounds on which the control system stands. The MBO model consequently lacks the ability to integrate gender in a transformative mode.
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