| 61. |
- Poikolainen Rosén, Anton, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards more-than-human-centred design : Learning from gardening
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - : Chinese Institute of Design. - 1991-3761 .- 1994-036X. ; 16:3, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More-than-human-centred design is a growing field in HCI (human-computer interaction) that account for non-human actors in design processes (such as animals, plants, and microbes but also autonomous technologies). While the rationale for more-than-human-centred design is clear, there is a lack of design methods grounded in this thinking. We articulate the idea of noticing as a method for approaching design spaces as systems of mutual interdependence between organisms. The findings are based on a longitudinal ethnographic study of urban farming—including the study of urban farmers’ practices and use of technologies with a focus on the interplay between humans and non-humans, such as plants and microbes. We articulate noticing as a phenomenon and show examples of urban farmers’ practices of noticing. We discuss principles for designing with the interdependencies of several organisms based on what is noticed in a setting. We argue that the way we have separated ideas about the environment and human experience is a part of the sustainability problem—and suggest noticing as an approach that instead combines positive human experiences and the needs of the environment.
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| 62. |
- Sakhnini, Laila I, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the Developability of an Antigen Binding Fragment by Aspartate Substitutions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 58:24, s. 2750-2759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregation can be a major challenge in the development of antibody-based pharmaceuticals as it can compromise the quality of the product during bioprocessing, formulation, and drug administration. To avoid aggregation, developability assessment is often run in parallel with functional optimization in the early screening phases to flag and deselect problematic molecules. As developability assessment can be demanding with regard to time and resources, there is a high focus on the development of molecule design strategies for engineering molecules with a high developability potential. Previously, Dudgeon et al. [(2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 10879-10884] demonstrated how Asp substitutions at specific positions in human variable domains and single-chain variable fragments could decrease the aggregation propensity. Here, we have investigated whether these Asp substitutions would improve the developability potential of a murine antigen binding fragment (Fab). A full combinatorial library consisting of 393 Fab variants with single, double, and triple Asp substitutions was first screened in silico with Rosetta; thereafter, 26 variants with the highest predicted thermodynamic stability were selected for production. All variants were subjected to a set of developability studies. Interestingly, most variants had thermodynamic stability on par with or improved relative to that of the wild type. Twenty-five of the variants exhibited improved nonspecificity. Half of the variants exhibited improved aggregation resistance. Strikingly, while we observed remarkable improvement in the developability potential, the Asp substitutions had no substantial effect on the antigenic binding affinity. Altogether, by combining the insertion of negative charges and the in silico screen based on computational models, we were able to improve the developability of the Fab rapidly.
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| 63. |
- Sandager, L, et al.
(författare)
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Storage lipid synthesis is non-essential in yeast
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 277:8, s. 6478-6482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Steryl esters and triacylglycerol (TAG) are the main storage lipids in eukaryotic cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these storage lipids accumulate during stationary growth phase within organelles known as lipid bodies. We have used single and multiple gene disruptions to study storage lipid synthesis in yeast. Four genes, ARE1, ARE2, DGA1, and LRO1, were found to contribute to TAG synthesis. The most significant contribution is made by DGA1, which encodes a novel acyl-CoA;diacylglycerol acyltransferase. Two of the genes, ARE1 and ARE2, are also involved in steryl ester synthesis. A yeast strain that lacks all four genes is viable and has no apparent growth defects under standard conditions. The strain is devoid of both TAG and steryl esters, and fluorescence microscopy revealed that it also lacks lipid bodies. We conclude that neither storage lipids nor lipid bodies are essential for growth in yeast.
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| 64. |
- Selin, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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High-dose versus low-dose of oxytocin for labour augmentation : a randomised controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Women and Birth. - : ELSEVIER. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. ; 32:4, s. 356-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem: Delayed labour progress is common in nulliparous women, often leading to caesarean section despite augmentation of labour with synthetic oxytocin.Background: High-or low-dose oxytocin can be used for augmentation of delayed labour, but evidence for promoting high-dose is weak.Aim: To ascertain the effect on caesarean section rate of high-dose versus low-dose oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labour in nulliparous women.Methods: Multicentre parallel double-blind randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01587625) in six labour wards in Sweden. Healthy nulliparous women at term with singleton cephalic fetal presentation, spontaneous labour onset, confirmed delay in labour and ruptured membranes (n = 1351) were randomised to labour augmentation with either high-dose (6.6 mU/minute) or low-dose (3.3 mU/minute) oxytocin infusion.Findings: 1295 women were included in intention-to-treat analysis (high-dose n = 647; low-dose n = 648). Caesarean section rates did not differ between groups (12.4% and 12.3%, 95% Confidence Interval -3.7 to 3.8). Women with high-dose oxytocin had: shorter labours (-23.4 min); more uterine tachysystole (43.2% versus 33.5%); similar rates of instrumental vaginal births, with more due to fetal distress (43.8% versus 22.7%) and fewer due to failure to progress (39.6% versus 58.8%). There were no differences in neonatal outcomes.Discussion: Our study could not confirm results of two systematic reviews indicating, with weak evidence, that use of high-dose oxytocin was associated with lower frequency of caesarean section.Conclusion: We found no advantages for routine use of high-dose oxytocin in the management of delay in labour. Low-dose oxytocin regimen is recommended to avoid unnecessary events of tachysystole and fetal distress.
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| 65. |
- Shams, Mana, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Metals and the Association with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 78:3, s. 1229-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain metal homeostasis is essential for brain health, and deregulation can result in oxidative stress on the brain parenchyma.Our objective in this study was to focus on two hemorrhagic MRI manifestations of small vessel disease [cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cortical superficial siderosis (cSS)] and associations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iron levels. In addition, we aimed to analyze CSF biomarkers for dementia and associations with CSF metal levels.This is a cross-sectional study of 196 patients who underwent memory clinic investigation, including brain MRI. CSF was collected and analyzed for metals, amyloid-β (Aβ) 42, total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and CSF/serum albumin ratios. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models.No significant difference was found between CSF metal levels across diagnostic groups. Higher iron and copper levels were associated with higher CSF levels of Aβ42, T-tau, P-tau, and CSF/serum albumin ratios (p<0.05). Zinc was associated with higher CSF/serum albumin ratios. There was no significant association between CMBs or cSS and CSF iron levels. An increase in CSF iron with the number of CMBs was seen in APOEɛ4 carriers.CSF iron levels are elevated with cerebral microbleeds in APOEɛ4 carriers, with no other association seen with hemorrhagic markers of small vessel disease. The association of elevated CSF iron and copper with tau could represent findings of increased neurodegeneration in these patients.
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| 66. |
- Sircova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A global look at time : a 24-country study of the equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
- 2014
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Ingår i: SAGE Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2158-2440. ; :4, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.
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| 67. |
- Stenson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of labor in women with a uterine scar
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 29:20, s. 3286-3291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the frequency of uterine rupture following induction of labor in women with a previous cesarean section. Misoprostol was compared to other methods of induction.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 208 women attempting induction of labor after one previous cesarean section. Delivery data were collected retrospectively and compared. Group 1(2009-2010) was compared with Group 2 (2012-2013). In Group 1, the main method of induction was vaginal PGE(2) (prostaglandin-E-2), amniotomy, oxytocin or a balloon catheter. In Group 2, the dominant method of induction was an oral solution of misoprostol. Main outcome measures: frequency of uterine rupture in the two groups.Results: Nine cases (4.3%) of uterine rupture occurred. There was no significant difference in the frequency of uterine rupture following the change of method of induction from PGE(2), amniotomy, oxytocin or mechanical dilatation with a balloon catheter to orally administered misoprostol (4.1 versus 4.6%, p=0.9). All ruptures occurred in women with no prior vaginal delivery.Conclusion: The shift to oral misoprostol as the primary method of induction in women with a previous cesarean section did not increase the frequency of uterine rupture in the cohort studied.
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| 68. |
- Titaley, Ivan, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of polycyclic aromatic compounds in historically contaminated soil by targeted and non-targeted chemical analysis combined with in vitro bioassay
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil samples from a contaminated site in Sweden were analyzed to identify the presence of 78 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The target analysis revealed large contributions not only from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but also from alkylated- and oxygenated-PAHs (alkyl- and oxy-PAHs, respectively), and N-heterocyclics (NPACs). PAC profiles indicated primarily pyrogenic sources, although contribution of petrogenic sources was also observed in one sample as indicated by a high ratio of alkylated naphthalene compared to naphthalene. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activity of the soil extracts was assessed using the H4IIe-pGudluc 1.1 cells bioassay. When compared with the calculated total AhR-activity of the PACs in the target list, 35–97% of the observed bioassay activity could be explained by 62 PACs with relative potency factors (REPs). The samples were further screened using GC coupled with Orbitrap™ high resolution MS (GC-HRMS) to investigate the presence of other PACs that could potentially contribute to the AhR-activity of the extracts. 114 unique candidate compounds were tentatively identified and divided into four groups based on their AhR-activity and environmental occurrence. Twelve substances satisfied all the criteria, and these compounds are suggested to be included in regular screening in future studies, although their identities were not confirmed by standards in this study. High unexplained bio-TEQ fractions in three of the samples may be explained by tentatively identified compounds (n = 35) with high potential of being toxic. This study demonstrates the benefit of combining targeted and non-targeted chemical analysis with bioassay analysis to assess the diversity and effects of PACs at contaminated sites. The applied prioritization strategy revealed a number of tentatively identified compounds, which likely contributed to the overall bioactivity of the soil extracts.
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| 69. |
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Tjejer och teknik
- 2019
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Konstnärligt arbeteabstract
- Studier visar att intresset för teknikämnet i skolan sjunker dramatiskt bland flickor mellan årskurs 5 och årskurs 8. Är det verkligen så att flickor tappar allt intresse för teknik eller visar siffrorna på något annat? Ulrika Sultan, doktorand i teknikens didaktik vid Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier vid Linköpings universitet, menar att flickor ÄR intresserade av teknik och GÖR teknik hela tiden, men att de inte definierar det de gör som teknik.Arbetsgivarorganisationen Teknikföretagen lyfter fram att för att Sverige ska kunna behålla sin position i framkant när det gäller industriell utveckling och innovation behövs en breddad rekrytering till tekniska yrken.Utställningen tar med besökaren till miljöer där kvinnor, flickor och tjejer i olika åldrar rör sig i teknikens värld. Här lyfts kvinnliga förebilder fram, eldsjälar och föreningar som jobbar för att stärka tjejers tekniska självförtroende.Utställningsperiod 30/8-19/12 2019 (Vallabiblioteket) och 20/1-31/3 2020 (Campus Norrköpings bibliotek)
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| 70. |
- Vernersson Wiberg, Ann-Kristin, 1957-
(författare)
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Migration och Identitet : En studie av utvandringen från Blekinge till Danmark och Tyskland 1860–1914
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to the statutes of the United Nations everyone has the right to know his own history, but many family trees have branches which have not yet seen the light of day because of lack of documentation. The survey is about the emigration from the south of Sweden to Denmark and Germany which took place in the shadow of the great emigration to America, which has been thoroughly documented.The survey illuminates a large amount of different sources and theories about the so called forgotten emigration. It describes the motives for the emigration, what their route looked like, where they went and what their lives developed into.The survey shows the way the mobility and rootlessness of people is viewed from a perspective of morality and what it would mean to men and women, married and unmarried, children and adults.The study also shows the effect of the powers that be on the women’s organizations, emigrant agents and immigration, in the different areas of emigration and reception.Among other things it illuminates how the structures of society on different levels handled the situation of the poor lower class. Cheap labor was set against the wish for a better life of the individual. This created a mobile seasonal work force which was not documented by the authorities. Many people stayed abroad and eventually became German and Danish citizens. It is however very difficult to map these historical seasonal travels and neutralizations due to the poor documentation of the hundreds of thousands people between Sweden and Denmark and Germany.Through different types of empirical studies this survey shows that unregistered people from Blekinge can be found in Denmark and Germany.Lastly a contemptuous view on these travelers to Denmark and Germany can be ascertained in the source material which illustrates the perspective of the powers that be.
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