| 211. |
- Wiklund, Fredrik
(författare)
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Unemployment and subsequent wages : does gender matter?
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Are there any differences in how men and women fare from unemployment in terms of the wages they receive on a new job? This paper addresses that question using the 1991 wave of the Level of Living Survey. The results suggest that men who experience unemployment will suffer a reduction of subsequent wages while no such effect could be found for women. These findings support the interpretation that women invest more in general rather than specific human capital which make them less exposed to career interruptions, at least those of a short duration. Due to the favourable labour market at the time, average unemployment duration was rather short, which may have prevented general capital from depreciating. However, the presence of large negative occurrence effects for men suggests that unemployment, even of a short duration, is associated with considerable loss of human capital.
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| 212. |
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| 213. |
- Wiklund, Fredrik
(författare)
-
Unemployment and subsequent wages : does gender matter?
- 1999
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Are there any differences in how men and women fare from unemployment in terms of the wages they receive on a new job? This paper addresses that question using the 1991 wave of the Level of Living Survey. The results suggest that men who experience unempl
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| 214. |
- Wiklund, Helena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of Aphroditiformia (Polychaeta) based on molecular and morphological data
- 2005
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 37:2, s. 494-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylogeny of Aphroditiformia, benthic polychaetes carrying dorsal elytra, is assessed from nuclear 18S rDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and 31 morphological characters. Two non-elytrabearing taxa, Palmyra and Pisione, are included to assess their relationship to the elytrabearers. The data are analysed both separately and combined, with parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. In total, 19 terminal taxa are examined, including 12 elytrabearing taxa from all scale-worm groups, Palmyra, Pisione, and five outgroup taxa. The results show that Palmyra and Pisione are nested within Aphroditiformia. Palmyra is sister to Aphrodita, and both Pisione and Pholoe are positioned within Sigalionidae, suggesting that both family names Pisionidae and Pholoidae should be treated as junior synonyms of Sigalionidae. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 215. |
- Wiklund, Helena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. - 0025-3154. ; 88:3, s. 509-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amphinomida is an ‘isolated’ clade within the polychaete group Aciculata and traditionally includes the families Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae. Archinomidae were erected for a single species, the hydrothermal vent polychaete Archinome rosacea. Originally, A. rosacea was assigned to Euphrosinidae although it shares more morphological similarities with Amphinomidae. In this study we assess the position of Archinome, Euphrosinidae and Amphinomidae by using molecular data from nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA. Parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses are performed on the nucleotide datasets covering in total 19 terminals from Amphinomidae, Euphrosinidae, Archinomidae and outgroups. Our results conclusively show that Euphrosinidae and Amphinomidae are sister taxa and that Archinome is sister to Chloeia within Amphinomidae. Based on these results the family name Archinomidae is treated as a junior synonym of Amphinomidae.
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| 216. |
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| 217. |
- Wiklund Lindström, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of balanced data sets for partial least squares discriminant analysis : classification problems using hyperspectral imaging data
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. - : IM Publications. - 0967-0335 .- 1751-6552. ; 19:4, s. 233-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the effect of imbalanced spectral data in the training set, when developing partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models for use in future predictions. The experimental study was performed using a real hyperspectral short-wavelength infrared image data set collected from bakery products (buns) containing contaminants (flies) but similar applications for other insects, paper and plastic were also tested. The contaminants represent a very small proportion of the images relative to the bun. The PLS-DA model aims at accurately detecting and classifying the contaminants and this requires a modification of the calibration data set. The paper deals with problems caused by unbalanced calibration data sets and how to remedy them. In the example it was demonstrated that, by balancing the calibration data from 58,476 bun pixels + 279 fly pixels to 279 bun + 279 fly pixels, the number of true predictions could be improved with a smaller number of PLS components used in the model. The improvement for flies increased from 65% true predictions with ten PLS components to >99% true prediction with five to six PLS components. The true prediction for bun went from 100% to 99.5% with six PLS components which is an acceptable reduction. Theoretical explanations are included.
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| 218. |
- Wiklund, Peder, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal and gynoid adipose distribution and incident myocardial infarction in women and men
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 34:12, s. 1752-1758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In summary, fat distribution was a strong predictor of the risk of MI in women, but not in men. These different results may be explained by the associations found between fat distribution and hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertriglyceridemia.
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| 219. |
- Wiklund, Peder, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal and gynoid fat mass are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 93:11, s. 4360-4366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Abdominal obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the correlation of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements of regional fat mass with CVD risk factors has not been completely investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of estimated regional fat mass, measured with DEXA and CVD risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study of 175 men and 417 women. DEXA measurements of regional fat mass were performed on all subjects, who subsequently participated in a community intervention program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included impaired glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. RESULTS: We began by assessing the associations of the adipose measures with the cardiovascular outcomes. After adjustment for confounders, a sd unit increase in abdominal fat mass was the strongest predictor of most cardiovascular variables in men [odds ratio (OR)=2.63-3.37; P<0.05], whereas the ratio of abdominal to gynoid fat mass was the strongest predictor in women (OR=1.48-2.19; P<0.05). Gynoid fat mass was positively associated with impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in men (OR=2.07-2.15; P<0.05), whereas the ratio of gynoid to total fat mass showed a negative association with hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension (OR=0.42-0.62; P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal fat mass is strongly independently associated with CVD risk factors in the present study. In contrast, gynoid fat mass was positively associated, whereas the ratio of gynoid to total fat mass was negatively associated with risk factors for CVD.
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| 220. |
- Xu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of absolute risk for prostate cancer using genetic markers and family history
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 69:14, s. 1565-1572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multiple DNA sequence variants in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be reproducibly associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. METHODS: Absolute risk for PCa among men with various numbers of inherited risk alleles and family history of PCa was estimated in a population-based case-control study in Sweden (2,893 cases and 1,781 controls), and a nested case-control study from the Prostate, Lung, Colon and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial in the U.S. (1,172 cases and 1,157 controls). RESULTS: Increased number of risk alleles and positive family history were independently associated with PCa risk. Considering men with 11 risk alleles (mode) and negative family history as having baseline risk, men who had >or=14 risk alleles and positive family history had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.64-6.64] in the Swedish study. These associations were confirmed in the U.S. population. Once a man's SNP genotypes and family history are known, his absolute risk for PCa can be readily calculated and easily interpreted. For example, 55-year-old men with a family history and >or=14 risk alleles have a 52% and 41% risk of being diagnosed with PCa in the next 20 years in the Swedish and U.S. populations, respectively. In comparison, without knowledge of genotype and family history, these men had an average population absolute risk of 13%. CONCLUSION: This risk prediction model may be used to identify men at considerably elevated PCa risk who may be selected for chemoprevention.
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