| 11. |
- Agirre, E, et al.
(författare)
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Splicing-associated chromatin signatures: a combinatorial and position-dependent role for histone marks in splicing definition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 682-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternative splicing relies on the combinatorial recruitment of splicing regulators to specific RNA binding sites. Chromatin has been shown to impact this recruitment. However, a limited number of histone marks have been studied at a global level. In this work, a machine learning approach, applied to extensive epigenomics datasets in human H1 embryonic stem cells and IMR90 foetal fibroblasts, has identified eleven chromatin modifications that differentially mark alternatively spliced exons depending on the level of exon inclusion. These marks act in a combinatorial and position-dependent way, creating characteristic splicing-associated chromatin signatures (SACS). In support of a functional role for SACS in coordinating splicing regulation, changes in the alternative splicing of SACS-marked exons between ten different cell lines correlate with changes in SACS enrichment levels and recruitment of the splicing regulators predicted by RNA motif search analysis. We propose the dynamic nature of chromatin modifications as a mechanism to rapidly fine-tune alternative splicing when necessary.
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| 12. |
- Micke, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of the Fourth Edition of the WHO Classification of Lung Tumours on Histological Classification of Resected Pulmonary NSCCs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 11:6, s. 862-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Histopathological classification of lung cancer is of central importance in the diagnostic routine and guides therapy in the majority of patients. The 4(th) edition of the WHO classification was recently published and includes changes to the diagnostic procedure of non-small cell carcinomas (NSCC) with more emphasis on immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.METHODS: 656 unselective cases of resected pulmonary NSCC were diagnosed according to the 2004 WHO classification. After IHC staining with cytokeratin 5, p40, p63, thyroid transcription factor 1 (clones 8G7G3/1 and SPT24) and napsin A the diagnoses were revised in accordance with the new 4(th) edition of the WHO classification.RESULTS: Reclassification led to a new histological annotation in 36 (5%) of the 656 cases. Most notable was the decrease of cases previously classified as large cell carcinomas (56 vs. 12 cases). This was partially due to the exclusion of 21 neuroendocrine tumors from this group, while 20 cases were ascribed to the group of adenocarcinoma based on IHC markers. Only 7 cases of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were reclassified after the addition of IHC staining. There was a substantial overlap in staining properties between different markers of squamous and adenocarcinomatous differentiation, respectively, but in 17-31 cases (3-5%) the diagnosis depended on the choice of markers.CONCLUSIONS: The 4(th) edition of the WHO classification of lung tumours leads to changes of histological type in 5% of resected NSCC cases. The incorporation of IHC staining in NSCC diagnostics demands awareness that the choice of ancillary stains has an effect on diagnosis.
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| 13. |
- Johansson, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous determination of cytochrome P450 1A, 2A and 3A activities in porcine liver microsomes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Interdisciplinary Toxicology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1337-9569 .- 1337-6853. ; 5, s. 150-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop a robust method for the simultaneous determination of the activities of three porcine CYP450 enzymes in hepatic microsomes. A cocktail consisting of three selective CYP450 probe substrates, 7-ethoxyresorufin (CYP1A), coumarin (CYP2A) and 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BFC; CYP3A), was incubated with porcine liver microsomes. The presence of 7-ethoxyresorufin appears to significantly influence the kinetics of coumarin hydroxylation and BFC O-debenzylation. These results indicate that the use of 7-ethoxyresorufin in substrate cocktails together with coumarin and BFC should be avoided.
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| 14. |
- Lillvist, Anne, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Play in a Swedish preschool context
- 2015. - 1
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Ingår i: International perspectives on children's play. - : Open University Press. - 9780335262885 - 9780335262892 ; , s. 175-186
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Patalay, Praveetha, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health provision in schools: approaches and interventions in 10 European countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Mental Health. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2054-4251. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.The role of schools in providing community-based support for children's mental health and well-being is widely accepted and encouraged. Research has mainly focused on designing and evaluating specific interventions and there is little data available regarding what provision is available, the focus and priorities of schools and the professionals involved in providing this support. The current study presents these data from schools in 10 European countries.Methods.Online survey of 1466 schools in France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, UK and Ukraine. The participating countries were chosen based on their geographical spread, diversity of political and economic systems, and convenience in terms of access to the research group and presence of collaborators.Results.Schools reported having more universal provision than targeted provision and there was greater reported focus on children who already have difficulties compared with prevention of problems and promotion of student well-being. The most common interventions implemented related to social and emotional skills development and anti-bullying programmes. Learning and educational support professionals were present in many schools with fewer schools reporting involvement of a clinical specialist. Responses varied by country with 7.4–33.5% between-country variation across study outcomes. Secondary schools reported less support for parents and more for staff compared with primary schools, with private schools also indicating more staff support. Schools in rural locations reported less student support and professionals involved than schools in urban locations.Conclusion.The current study provides up-to-date and cross-country insight into the approaches, priorities and provision available for mental health support in schools; highlighting what schools prioritise in providing mental health support and where coverage of provision is lacking.
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| 16. |
- Patan, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Design and Implementation of Optimized Register File for Streaming Applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 25th International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, VDAT 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased demand for energy-efficient solutions compels system architects to explore the opportunities for minimizing area and power in the critical parts of a system. The register file is one such essential and critical component of any processor system that provides local storage for computing hardware such as arithmetic and logical unit. In this paper, we present an optimized design and implementation of a synthesizable register file that reduces the area and power consumption over an existing design. The proposed design is functionally equivalent to the existing design and uses latches in its core as main storage elements as opposed to the flip-flops; thus, reducing the area and power consumption. The proposed design has 10% less area and 23% less leakage power than the existing design when synthesized using a CMOS 45nm process libraries. Furthermore, the back-end implementation results show that the proposed design has 13% less core utilization and 2.3X less power.
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| 17. |
- Wang, Wenhua, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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NOS isoenzyme content in brain nuclei as related to food intake in experimental cancer cachexia
- 2005
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Ingår i: Brain research. - 0169-328X. ; 134:2, s. 205-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence implies that nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous systems mediates anorexia in tumor-bearing hosts. We have therefore evaluated, by immunohistochemical image analyses, net alterations of nitric oxide synthases (nNOS, eNOS, iNOS) in brain nuclei [paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), medial habenular nucleus (MHB), lateral habenular nucleus (LHB), paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS)] of tumor-bearing mice (TB) with prostanoid-related anorexia. Pair-fed (PF) and freely fed (FF) non-tumor-bearing mice were used as controls. c-fos was analyzed as indicator of neuronal activation. nNOS was significantly increased in VMH and PVN from TB mice, while eNOS was significantly increased in LHB and LHA. iNOS was significantly increased in LHA and PVN nuclei, but decreased in MHB, LHB and VMH from tumor-bearers. However, several of these alterations were similarly observed in brain nuclei from pair-fed controls. Provision of unspecific NOS-antagonists to TB mice increased nNOS, eNOS and iNOS in several brain nuclei (PVN, LHA, VMH), but left tumor-induced anorexia unchanged. c-fos was significantly increased in all brain nuclei in PF mice except for NTS, LHA and PVN compared to controls, while tumor-bearing mice had increased c-fos in LHA and PVN only compared to controls. Our results demonstrate a complex picture of NOS expression in brain areas of relevance for appetite in tumor-bearing hosts, where most changes seemed to be secondary to stress during negative energy balance. By contrast, NOS content in PVN and LHA nuclei remains candidate behind anorexia in tumor disease. However, nitric oxide does not seem to be a primary mediator behind tumor-induced anorexia. NO may rather secondarily support energy intake in conditions with negative energy balance.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Kedem, Yaron, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual superconducting isotope effect in the presence of a quantum criticality
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950. ; 93:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The isotope effect in superconductivity (SC) is used to make a concrete connection to a quantum critical point (QCP) that is tunable by isotopic mass substitution. We find a distinct contribution to the isotope exponent in SC and derive an explicit relation to the critical exponent of a QCP. The relation between the two exponents is general and can be used as an experimental signature for the connection between SC and a QCP. We demonstrate it in a scenario where the SC pairing is due to modes related to a structural instability. Within this model the isotope exponent is derived in terms of microscopic parameters.
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| 20. |
- Kilian, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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A new perspective on European drinking cultures : a model-based approach to determine variations in drinking practices among 19 European countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:8, s. 2016-2025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims In recent decades, alcohol drinking in the European Union has been characterized by increasing homogenization of levels of drinking coupled with an overall decrease. This study examined whether we can still distinguish distinct practices of drinking by addressing two research questions: (1) are drinking practices still characterized by the choice of a certain alcoholic beverage; and (2) how do drinking practices vary across countries?Design Cross-sectional study: latent-class analyses of drinking variables and fractional response regression analyses of individual characteristics for individual-level class endorsement probabilities, respectively.Setting Nineteen European countries and one autonomous community.Participants A total of 27 170 past-year drinkers aged 18-65 years in 2015.Measurements Data were collected through the Standardized European Alcohol Survey included frequency of past-year drinking, pure alcohol intake per drink day, occurrence of monthly risky single-occasion drinking and preferred beverage, together with socio-demographic data.Findings Three latent classes were identified: (1) light to moderate drinking without risky single-occasion drinking [prevalence: 68.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 66.7-69.3], (2) infrequent heavy drinking (prevalence: 12.6%, 95% CI = 11.5-13.7) and (3) regular drinking with at least monthly risky single-occasion drinking (prevalence: 19.4%, 95% CI = 18.1-20.9). Drinking classes differed considerably in beverage preference, with women reporting a generally higher share of wine and men of beer drinking. Light to moderate drinking without risky single-occasion drinking was the predominant drinking practice in all locations except for Lithuania, where infrequent heavy drinking (class 2) was equally popular. Socio-demographic factors and individual alcohol harm experiences (rapid alcohol on-line screen) explained up to 20.5% of the variability in class endorsement.Conclusions Beverage preference appears to remain a decisive indicator for distinguishing Europeans' drinking practices. In most European countries, multiple drinking practices appear to be present.
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