| 61. |
- Lindquist, David, et al.
(författare)
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Human papillomavirus is a favourable prognostic factor in tonsillar cancer and its oncogenic role is supported by the expression of E6 and E7.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular oncology. - : Wiley. - 1878-0261 .- 1574-7891. ; 1:3, s. 350-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1970 to 2002 in the Stockholm area, we revealed a parallel three-fold increase in the incidence of tonsillar cancer and the proportion of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar cancer cases, indicating a possible role of HPV infection in this disease. We have now examined whether HPV and viral load in pre-treatment tonsillar cancer biopsies correlates to disease prognosis, and whether the presence of HPV-16 E6 and E7 mRNA could be ascertained. The presence of HPV-16, but not viral load, in tonsillar cancer was shown to be a favourable prognostic factor for clinical outcome. Moreover, E6 and/or E7 were expressed in almost all assessable HPV-16 positive cases, supporting an oncogenic role of HPV-16 in tonsillar cancer.
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| 62. |
- Liu, Bojing, et al.
(författare)
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Vagotomy and subsequent risk of inflammatory bowel disease : a nationwide register-based matched cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 51:11, s. 1022-1030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The vagus nerve provides essential parasympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal system and is known to have anti-inflammatory properties.Aims: To explore the relationship between vagotomy and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its major categories: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods: A matched cohort comprising 15 637 patients undergoing vagotomy was identified through the Swedish Patient Register from 1964 to 2010. Each vagotomised patient was matched for birth year and gender with 40 nonvagotomised individuals on the date of vagotomy. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IBD using flexible parametric models adjusted for matching variables, year of vagotomy, birth country, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidity index.Results: We observed 119 (0.8%) patients with vagotomy developed IBD compared to 3377 (0.5%) IBD cases in nonvagotomised individuals. The crude incidence of IBD (per 1000 person-years) was 0.38 for vagotomised patients and 0.25 for nonvagotomised individuals. We observed a time-dependent elevated risk of IBD associated with vagotomy, for instance, the HR (95% CI) was 1.80 (1.40-2.31) at year 5 and 1.49 (1.14-1.96) at year 10 post-vagotomy. The association appeared to be stronger for truncal than selective vagotomy and limited to CD (HR was 3.63 [1.94-6.80] for truncal and 2.06 [1.49-2.84] for selective vagotomy) but not UC (1.36 [0.71-2.62] for truncal and 1.25 [0.95-1.63] for selective vagotomy).Conclusions: We found a positive association between vagotomy and later IBD, particularly for CD. The finding indirectly underlines the beneficial role of the vagal tone in IBD.
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| 63. |
- Longinetti, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases among families with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 89:6, s. 578-585
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To estimate risks of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their families. Methods: We conducted a register-based nested case-control study during 1990-2013 in Sweden to assess whether ALS patients had higher risks of other neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases before diagnosis. We included 3,648 ALS patients and 36,480 age-, sex-, and county-of-birth matched population controls. We further conducted a follow-up study of the cases and controls to assess the risks of other neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases after ALS diagnosis. To assess the potential contribution of familial factors, we conducted similar studies for the relatives of ALS patients and their controls. Results: Individuals with previous neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases had a 49% increased risk of ALS (odds ratio=1.49, 95% confidence interval=1.35-1.66), compared to individuals without these diseases. After diagnosis, ALS patients had increased risks of other neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases (hazard ratio=2.90, 95% confidence interval=2.46-3.43), compared to individuals without ALS. The strongest associations were noted for frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, other dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, neurotic disorders, depression, stress-related disorders, and drug abuse/dependence. First-degree relatives of ALS patients had higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases, whereas only children of ALS patients had higher risk of psychiatric disorders, compared to relatives of the controls. Conclusions: Familial aggregation of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases implies a shared etiopathogenesis among all neurodegenerative diseases. The increased risk of psychiatric disorders among ALS patients and their children might be attributable to non-motor symptoms of ALS and severe stress response toward the diagnosis.
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| 64. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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IgA Deficiency and Risk of Cancer : A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0271-9142 .- 1573-2592. ; 35:2, s. 182-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the risk of cancer in individuals with IgA deficiency compared with the general population.Prospective nationwide population-based cohort study. We identified 2320 individuals with IgA deficiency (IgA levels < 0.07 g/L) diagnosed between 1980 and 2010 in six Swedish university hospitals. Individuals with IgA deficiency were then matched on age, sex, place of residence, and year of diagnosis with up to 10 general population controls (n = 23,130). Through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register we calculated conditional hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer diagnosed after IgA deficiency diagnosis in patients without a previous cancer diagnosis.During follow-up, 125 individuals with IgA deficiency (61/10,000 person-years) and 984 controls (47/10,000 person-years) developed cancer (HR 1.31; 95%CI = 1.09-1.58). In cause-specific analyses, we found an increased risk of any gastrointestinal cancer (HR = 1.64; 95%CI = 1.07-2.50), but not for lymphoproliferative malignancy (HR 1.68; 95%CI = 0.89-3.19). Relative risk estimates for overall cancer were very high in the first year of follow-up (overall: HR = 2.80; 95%CI = 1.74-4.49), but failed to reach statistical significance thereafter. IgA deficiency diagnosed in childhood (n = 487) was not associated with overall cancer (HR = 3.26; 0.88-12.03).Individuals with IgA deficiency are at a moderately increased risk of cancer, with excess risks of gastrointestinal cancer. This excess risk is highest just after diagnosis suggesting a degree of surveillance bias. Children with IgA deficiency were at no increased risk of cancer but the statistical power was limited in subanalyses.
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| 65. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - Stockholm : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 31:2, s. 125-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of the Swedish national population registration system is to obtain data that (1) reflect the composition, relationship and identities of the Swedish population and (2) can be used as the basis for correct decisions and measures by government and other regulatory authorities. For this purpose, Sweden has established two population registers: (1) The Population Register, maintained by the Swedish National Tax Agency ("Folkbokforingsregistret"); and (2) The Total Population Register (TPR) maintained by the government agency Statistics Sweden ("Registret over totalbefolkningen"). The registers contain data on life events including birth, death, name change, marital status, family relationships and migration within Sweden as well as to and from other countries. Updates are transmitted daily from the Tax Agency to the TPR. In this paper we describe the two population registers and analyse their strengths and weaknesses. Virtually 100 % of births and deaths, 95 % of immigrations and 91 % of emigrations are reported to the Population Registers within 30 days and with a higher proportion over time. The over-coverage of the TPR, which is primarily due to underreported emigration data, has been estimated at up to 0.5 % of the Swedish population. Through the personal identity number, assigned to all residents staying at least 1 year in Sweden, data from the TPR can be used for medical research purposes, including family design studies since each individual can be linked to his or her parents, siblings and offspring. The TPR also allows for identification of general population controls, participants in cohort studies, as well as calculation of follow-up time.
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| 66. |
- Marild, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic exposure and the development of coeliac disease : a nationwide case-control study
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - 1471-230X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intestinal microbiota has been proposed to play a pathogenic role in coeliac disease (CD). Although antibiotics are common environmental factors with a profound impact on intestinal microbiota, data on antibiotic use as a risk factor for subsequent CD development are scarce. Methods: In this population-based case-control study we linked nationwide histopathology data on 2,933 individuals with CD (Marsh stage 3; villous atrophy) to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register to examine the association between use of systemic antibiotics and subsequent CD. We also examined the association between antibiotic use in 2,118 individuals with inflammation (Marsh 1-2) and in 620 individuals with normal mucosa (Marsh 0) but positive CD serology. All individuals undergoing biopsy were matched for age and sex with 28,262 controls from the population. Results: Antibiotic use was associated with CD (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-1.53), inflammation (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.72-2.10) and normal mucosa with positive CD serology (OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.30-1.92). ORs for prior antibiotic use in CD were similar when we excluded antibiotic use in the last year (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.08-1.56) or restricted to individuals without comorbidity (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.16-1.46). Conclusions: The positive association between antibiotic use and subsequent CD but also with lesions that may represent early CD suggests that intestinal dysbiosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of CD. However, non-causal explanations for this positive association cannot be excluded.
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| 67. |
- Mariosa, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Antidiabetics, Statins, and the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 27:6, s. 1010-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Medications that are used for treatment of metabolic disorders have been suggested to be associated with the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).METHODS: To examine the associations of antidiabetics and statins with the subsequent risk of ALS we conducted a population-based nested case-control study of 2,475 Swedish residents diagnosed with ALS during July 2006-December 2013, and 12,375 population controls (five for each ALS case). We extracted from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register information on filled prescriptions of antidiabetics and statins for both cases and controls during the years before ALS diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the associations of these medications with ALS risk.RESULTS: ALS patients were less likely to have been prescribed with antidiabetics, compared to controls (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.65-0.90). Conversely, statins were not associated with ALS risk overall (OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.98-1.19), although a positive association was noted among women (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.10-1.48). The latter association was mostly explained by ALS cases being more likely to have a first prescription of statins during the year before diagnosis, compared to controls (OR=2.54, 95%CI=1.84-3.49).CONCLUSIONS: The inverse association of antidiabetics with ALS is consistent with the previously reported inverse association between type 2 diabetes and ALS risk. The increase in prescription of statins during the year before ALS diagnosis deserves attention because it might reflect an acceleration of the course of ALS due to statin use.
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| 68. |
- Matejcic, M., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating plasma phospholipid fatty acids and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large European cohort
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 143:10, s. 2437-2448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are both limited and conflicting data on the role of dietary fat and specific fatty acids in the development of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the association between plasma phospholipid fatty acids and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The fatty acid composition was measured by gas chromatography in plasma samples collected at recruitment from375 incident pancreatic cancer cases and375 matched controls. Associations of specific fatty acids with pancreatic cancer risk were evaluated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models with adjustment for established pancreatic cancer risk factors. Statistically significant inverse associations were found between pancreatic cancer incidence and levels of heptadecanoic acid (ORT3‐T1[odds ratio for highest versus lowest tertile] =0.63; 95%CI[confidence interval] = 0.41–0.98; ptrend = 0.036), n‐3 polyunsaturated α‐linolenic acid (ORT3‐T1 = 0.60; 95%CI = 0.39–0.92; ptrend = 0.02) and docosapentaenoic acid (ORT3‐T1 = 0.52; 95%CI = 0.32–0.85; ptrend = 0.008). Industrial trans‐fatty acids were positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk among men (ORT3‐T1 = 3.00; 95%CI = 1.13–7.99; ptrend = 0.029), while conjugated linoleic acids were inversely related to pancreatic cancer among women only (ORT3‐T1 = 0.37; 95%CI = 0.17–0.81; ptrend = 0.008). Among current smokers, the long‐chain n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio was positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk (ORT3‐T1 = 3.40; 95%CI = 1.39–8.34; ptrend = 0.007). Results were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses. Our findings suggest that higher circulating levels of saturated fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be related to lower risk of pancreatic cancer. The influence of some fatty acids on the development of pancreatic cancer may be sex‐specific and modulated by smoking.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Molina-Montes, Esther, et al.
(författare)
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Flavonoid and lignan intake and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 139:7, s. 1480-1492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the potential cancer preventive effects of flavonoids and lignans, their ability to reduce pancreatic cancer risk has not been demonstrated in epidemiological studies. Our aim was to examine the association between dietary intakes of flavonoids and lignans and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. A total of 865 exocrine pancreatic cancer cases occurred after 11.3 years of follow-up of 477,309 cohort members. Dietary flavonoid and lignan intake was estimated through validated dietary questionnaires and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Phenol Explorer databases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using age, sex and center-stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for energy intake, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol and diabetes status. Our results showed that neither overall dietary intake of flavonoids nor of lignans were associated with pancreatic cancer risk (multivariable-adjusted HR for a doubling of intake = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.95–1.11 and 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89–1.17, respectively). Statistically significant associations were also not observed by flavonoid subclasses. An inverse association between intake of flavanones and pancreatic cancer risk was apparent, without reaching statistical significance, in microscopically confirmed cases (HR for a doubling of intake = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91–1.00). In conclusion, we did not observe an association between intake of flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses or lignans and pancreatic cancer risk in the EPIC cohort.
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