| 1841. |
- Sun, Y, et al.
(författare)
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The Immunoglobulins: New Insights, Implications, and Applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annual review of animal biosciences. - : Annual Reviews. - 2165-8110 .- 2165-8102. ; 8, s. 145-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoglobulins (Igs), as one of the hallmarks of adaptive immunity, first arose approximately 500 million years ago with the emergence of jawed vertebrates. Two events stand out in the evolutionary history of Igs from cartilaginous fish to mammals: ( a) the diversification of Ig heavy chain (IgH) genes, resulting in Ig isotypes or subclasses associated with novel functions, and ( b) the diversification of genetic and structural strategies, leading to the creation of the antibody repertoire we know today. This review first gives an overview of the IgH isotypes identified in jawed vertebrates to date and then highlights the implications or applications of five new recent discoveries arising from comparative studies of Igs derived from different vertebrate species.
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| 1842. |
- Sun, Y., et al.
(författare)
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ZTA Ceramic Materials for DLP 3D Printing
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a new additive manufacturing method, DLP has the advantages of high precision, fast speed and low cost. ZTA ceramic is anticipated to be used in more applications due to its superior bending strength, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity. But the detailed study with ZTA printing material for DLP is still rarely reported. In this experiment, ZTA ceramic UV resin with various ZrO2 concentration (5-15wt.%) were investigated and tested for their 3D printing performance. ZTA ceramic UV resin with low viscosity (<3Pa•s at shear rate of 10s-1) and high solid load (55vol.%) were successfully developed. After sintering at a temperature of 1600°C, a relative density of >96% can be always promised. For the optimized doping level of ZrO2 at 11wt%, a density of 99% can be achieved.
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| 1843. |
- Takeuchi, Fumihiko, et al.
(författare)
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Interethnic analyses of blood pressure loci in populations of East Asian and European descent
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and more than 200 genetic loci associated with BP are known. Here, we perform a multi-stage genome-wide association study for BP (max N = 289,038) principally in East Asians and meta-analysis in East Asians and Europeans. We report 19 new genetic loci and ancestry-specific BP variants, conforming to a common ancestry-specific variant association model. At 10 unique loci, distinct non-rare ancestry-specific variants colocalize within the same linkage disequilibrium block despite the significantly discordant effects for the proxy shared variants between the ethnic groups. The genome-wide transethnic correlation of causal-variant effect-sizes is 0.898 and 0.851 for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Some of the ancestry-specific association signals are also influenced by a selective sweep. Our results provide new evidence for the role of common ancestry-specific variants and natural selection in ethnic differences in complex traits such as BP.
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| 1844. |
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| 1845. |
- Tanaka, Toshiko, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis of observational studies shows common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 97:6, s. 1395-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Macronutrient intake varies substantially between individuals, and there is evidence that this variation is partly accounted for by genetic variants. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify common genetic variants that are associated with macronutrient intake. Design: We performed 2-stage genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis of macronutrient intake in populations of European descent. Macronutrients were assessed by using food-frequency questionnaires and analyzed as percentages of total energy consumption from total fat, protein, and carbohydrate. From the discovery GWA (n = 38,360), 35 independent loci associated with macronutrient intake at P < 5 x 10(-6) were identified and taken forward to replication in 3 additional cohorts (n = 33,533) from the DietGen Consortium. For one locus, fat mass obesity-associated protein (FTO), cohorts with Illumina MetaboChip genotype data (n 7724) provided additional replication data. Results: A variant in the chromosome 19 locus (rs838145) was associated with higher carbohydrate (beta +/- SE: 0.25 +/- 0.04%; P = 1.68 x 10(-8)) and lower fat (beta = SE: -0.21 +/- 0.04%; P = 1.57 x 10(-9)) consumption. A candidate gene in this region, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), encodes a fibroblast growth factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The variants in this locus were associated with circulating FGF21 protein concentrations (P < 0.05) but not mRNA concentrations in blood or brain. The body mass index (BMI) increasing allele of the FTO variant (rs1421085) was associated with higher protein intake (beta +/- SE: 0.10 +/- 0.02%; P = 9.96 x 10(-10)), independent of BMI (after adjustment for BMI, beta +/- SE: 0.08 +/- 0.02%; P = 3.15 x 10(-7)). Conclusion: Our results indicate that variants in genes involved in nutrient metabolism and obesity are associated with macronutrient consumption in humans. Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00005133 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005136 (Family Heart Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Heart Study), NCT00083369 (Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides), NCT01331512 (InCHIANTI Study), and NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).
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| 1846. |
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| 1847. |
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| 1848. |
- Teixeira, J., et al.
(författare)
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Tropical and Subtropical Cloud Transitions in Weather and Climate Prediction Models : The GCSS/WGNE Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Climate. - 0894-8755 .- 1520-0442. ; 24:20, s. 5223-5256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model evaluation approach is proposed in which weather and climate prediction models are analyzed along a Pacific Ocean cross section, from the stratocumulus regions off the coast of California, across the shallow convection dominated trade winds, to the deep convection regions of the ITCZ-the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study/Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (GCSS/WGNE) Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI). The main goal of GPCI is to evaluate and help understand and improve the representation of tropical and subtropical cloud processes in weather and climate prediction models. In this paper, a detailed analysis of cloud regime transitions along the cross section from the subtropics to the tropics for the season June-July-August of 1998 is presented. This GPCI study confirms many of the typical weather and climate prediction model problems in the representation of clouds: underestimation of clouds in the stratocumulus regime by most models with the corresponding consequences in terms of shortwave radiation biases; overestimation of clouds by the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) in the deep tropics (in particular) with the corresponding impact in the outgoing longwave radiation; large spread between the different models in terms of cloud cover, liquid water path and shortwave radiation; significant differences between the models in terms of vertical cross sections of cloud properties (in particular), vertical velocity, and relative humidity. An alternative analysis of cloud cover mean statistics is proposed where sharp gradients in cloud cover along the GPCI transect are taken into account. This analysis shows that the negative cloud bias of some models and ERA-40 in the stratocumulus regions [as compared to the first International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)] is associated not only with lower values of cloud cover in these regimes, but also with a stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition that occurs too early along the trade wind Lagrangian trajectory. Histograms of cloud cover along the cross section differ significantly between models. Some models exhibit a quasi-bimodal structure with cloud cover being either very large (close to 100%) or very small, while other models show a more continuous transition. The ISCCP observations suggest that reality is in-between these two extreme examples. These different patterns reflect the diverse nature of the cloud, boundary layer, and convection parameterizations in the participating weather and climate prediction models.
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| 1849. |
- Telloni, D., et al.
(författare)
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First polar observations of the fast solar wind with the Metis - Solar Orbiter coronagraph : Role of 2D turbulence energy dissipation in the wind acceleration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The fast solar wind is known to emanate from polar coronal holes.Aims. This Letter reports the first estimate of the expansion rate of polar coronal flows performed by the Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter.Methods. By exploiting simultaneous measurements in polarized white light and ultraviolet intensity of the neutral hydrogen Lyman-α line, it was possible to extend observations of the outflow velocity of the main component of the solar wind from polar coronal holes out to 5.5 R⊙, the limit of diagnostic applicability and observational capabilities.Results. We complement the results obtained with analogous polar observations performed with the UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer on board the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory during the previous full solar activity cycle, and find them to be satisfactorily reproduced by a magnetohydrodynamic turbulence model.Conclusions. This suggests that the dissipation of 2D turbulence energy is a viable mechanism for coronal plasma heating and the subsequent acceleration of the fast solar wind.
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| 1850. |
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The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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