| 461. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(författare)
-
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
|
|
| 462. |
|
|
| 463. |
|
|
| 464. |
- Stark, J. Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
First evidence of Archean mafic dykes at 2.62 Ga in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia : Links to cratonisation and the Zimbabwe Craton
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268. ; 317, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Archean Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia hosts at least five generations of Proterozoic mafic dykes, the oldest previously identified dykes belonging to the ca. 2408–2401 Ma Widgiemooltha Supersuite. We report here the first known Archean mafic dyke dated at 2615 ± 6 Ma by the ID-TIMS U-Pb method on baddeleyite and at 2610 ± 25 Ma using in situ SHRIMP U-Pb dating of baddeleyite. Aeromagnetic data suggest that the dyke is part of a series of NE-trending intrusions that potentially extend hundreds of kilometres in the southwestern part of the craton, here named the Yandinilling dyke swarm. Mafic magmatism at 2615 Ma was possibly related to delamination of the lower crust during the final stages of assembly and cratonisation, and was coeval with the formation of late-stage gold deposit at Boddington. Paleogeographic reconstructions suggest that the Yilgarn and Zimbabwe cratons may have been neighbours from ca. 2690 Ma to 2401 Ma and if the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal cratons amalgamated at 2660–2610 Ma, the 2615 Ma mafic magmatism in the southwestern Yilgarn Craton may be associated with the same tectonic event that produced the ca. 2607–2604 Ma Stockford dykes in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt. Paleomagnetic evidence and a similar tectonothermal evolution, including coeval low-pressure high-temperature metamorphism, voluminous magmatism, and emplacement of mafic dykes, support a configuration where the northern part of the Zimbabwe Craton was adjacent to the western margin of the Yilgarn Craton during the Neoarchean. Worldwide, reliably dated mafic dykes of this age have so far been reported from the Yilgarn Craton, the Limpopo Belt and the São Francisco Craton.
|
|
| 465. |
- Sun, Fei, et al.
(författare)
-
Transformation Optics : From Classic Theory and Applications to its New Branches
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Laser & Photonics reviews. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1863-8880 .- 1863-8899. ; 11:6
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the modern world, the ability to manipulate and control electromagnetic waves has greatly changed people's lives. Novel optical and electromagnetic phenomena and devices will lead to new scientific trends and techniques in the future. The exploration of new theories of optical design and new materials for optical engineering has attracted great attention in recent years. Transformation optics (TO) provides a new way to design optical devices with extraordinary predesigned functions such as invisibility cloaks and electromagnetic wormholes. As the development of artificial electromagnetic media (e.g. metamaterials and metasurfaces) progresses, many of these novel optical devices designed by TO have been experimentally demonstrated and used in specific applications. Starting from the basic theory of transformation optics, we review its applications, extensions, new branches and recent developments in this paper.
|
|
| 466. |
- Sun, Yingyu, et al.
(författare)
-
A glioma classification scheme based on coexpression modules of EGFR and PDGFRA
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 111:9, s. 3538-3543
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that key signaling pathways of glioma genesis might enable the molecular classification of gliomas. Gene coexpression modules around epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (EM, 29 genes) or platelet derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) (PM, 40 genes) in gliomas were identified. Based on EM and PM expression signatures, nonnegative matrix factorization reproducibly clustered 1,369 adult diffuse gliomas WHO grades II-IV from four independent databases generated in three continents, into the subtypes (EM, PM and EMlowPMlow gliomas) in a morphology-independent manner. Besides their distinct patterns of genomic alterations, EM gliomas were associated with higher age at diagnosis, poorer prognosis, and stronger expression of neural stem cell and astrogenesis genes. Both PM and EMlowPMlow gliomas were associated with younger age at diagnosis and better prognosis. PM gliomas were enriched in the expression of oligodendrogenesis genes, whereas EMlowPMlow gliomas were enriched in the signatures of mature neurons and oligodendrocytes. The EM/PM-based molecular classification scheme is applicable to adult low-grade and high-grade diffuse gliomas, and outperforms existing classification schemes in assigning diffuse gliomas to subtypes with distinct transcriptomic and genomic profiles. The majority of the EM/PM classifiers, including regulators of glial fate decisions, have not been extensively studied in glioma biology. Subsets of these classifiers were coexpressed in mouse glial precursor cells, and frequently amplified or lost in an EM/PM glioma subtypespecific manner, resulting in somatic copy number alteration-dependent gene expression that contributes to EM/PM signatures in glioma samples. EM/PM-based molecular classification provides a molecular diagnostic framework to expedite the search for new glioma therapeutic targets.
|
|
| 467. |
- Sun, Yi, et al.
(författare)
-
Blockade of the CD93 pathway normalizes tumor vasculature to facilitate drug delivery and immunotherapy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 13:604
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immature and dysfunctional vascular network within solid tumors poses a substantial obstacle to immunotherapy because it creates a hypoxic tumor microenvironment that actively limits immune cell infiltration. The molecular basis underpinning this vascular dysfunction is not fully understood. Using genome-scale receptor array technology, we showed here that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) interacts with its receptor CD93, and we subsequently demonstrated that this interaction contributes to abnormal tumor vasculature. Both CD93 and IGFBP7 were up-regulated in tumor-associated endothelial cells. IGFBP7 interacted with CD93 via a domain different from multimerin-2, the known ligand for CD93. In two mouse tumor models, blockade of the CD93/IGFBP7 interaction by monoclonal antibodies promoted vascular maturation to reduce leakage, leading to reduced tumor hypoxia and increased tumor perfusion. CD93 blockade in mice increased drug delivery, resulting in an improved antitumor response to gemcitabine or fluorouracil. Blockade of the CD93 pathway triggered a substantial increase in intratumoral effector T cells, thereby sensitizing mouse tumors to immune checkpoint therapy. Last, analysis of samples from patients with cancer under anti-programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 treatment revealed that overexpression of the IGFBP7/CD93 pathway was associated with poor response to therapy. Thus, our study identified a molecular interaction involved in tumor vascular dysfunction and revealed an approach to promote a favorable tumor microenvironment for therapeutic intervention.
|
|
| 468. |
|
|
| 469. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
-
Laser spectroscopy applied to environmental, ecological, agricultural and food safety research
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Photonics and Imaging in Biology and Medicine, PIBM 2017. - 9781557528209 ; Part F70-PIBM 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser spectroscopy has a multitude of applications of importance to human and ecosystem well-being, such as in the environmental, ecological, agricultural and food safety areas. Recent work, mostly from SCNU, will be reviewed.
|
|
| 470. |
- Svensson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Sleep Duration with All- And Major-Cause Mortality among Adults in Japan, China, Singapore, and Korea
- 2021
-
Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 4:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: The association between long sleep duration and mortality appears stronger in East Asian populations than in North American or European populations. Objectives: To assess the sex-specific association between sleep duration and all-cause and major-cause mortality in a pooled longitudinal cohort and to stratify the association by age and body mass index. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study of individual-level data from 9 cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium was performed from January 1, 1984, to December 31, 2002. The final population included participants from Japan, China, Singapore, and Korea. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 14.0 (5.0) years for men and 13.4 (5.3) years for women. Data analysis was performed from August 1, 2018, to May 31, 2021. Exposures: Self-reported sleep duration, with 7 hours as the reference category. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality, including deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other causes. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression with shared frailty models adjusted for age and the key self-reported covariates of marital status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, history of diabetes and hypertension, and menopausal status (for women). Results: For 322721 participants (mean [SD] age, 54.5 [9.2] years; 178542 [55.3%] female), 19419 deaths occurred among men (mean [SD] age of men, 53.6 [9.0] years) and 13768 deaths among women (mean [SD] age of women, 55.3 [9.2] years). A sleep duration of 7 hours was the nadir for associations with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and other-cause mortality in both men and women, whereas 8 hours was the mode sleep duration among men and the second most common sleep duration among women. The association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality was J-shaped for both men and women. The greatest association for all-cause mortality was with sleep durations of 10 hours or longer for both men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.26-1.44) and women (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.36-1.61). Sex was a significant modifier of the association between sleep duration and mortality from cardiovascular disease (χ25= 13.47, P =.02), cancer (χ25= 16.04, P =.007), and other causes (χ25= 12.79, P =.03). Age was a significant modifier of the associations among men only (all-cause mortality: χ25= 41.49, P <.001; cancer: χ25= 27.94, P <.001; other-cause mortality: χ25= 24.51, P <.001). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cohort study suggest that sleep duration is a behavioral risk factor for mortality in both men and women. Age was a modifier of the association between sleep duration in men but not in women. Sleep duration recommendations in these populations may need to be considered in the context of sex and age.
|
|
