| 21. |
- Santoro, Aurelia, et al.
(författare)
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A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Body Composition Among Healthy Elderly From the European NU-AGE Study : Sex and Country Specific Features
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body composition (BC) is an emerging important factor for the characterization of metabolic status. The assessment of BC has been studied in various populations and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, endocrine diseases as well as physiological and paraphysiological conditions such as growth and aging processes, and physical training. A gold standard technique for the assessment of human BC at molecular level is represented by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is able to precisely assess the body mass (and areal bone mineral density-aBMD) on a regional and whole-body basis. For the first time, within the framework of the NU-AGE project, BC has been assessed by means of a whole-body DXA scan in 1121 sex-balanced free-living, apparently healthy older adults aged 65-79 years enrolled in 5 European countries (Italy, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Poland). The aim of this analysis is to provide a complete profile of BC in healthy elderly participants from five European countries and to investigate country- and sex-related differences by state-of-the-art DXA technology. To compare BC data collected in different centers, specific indexes and ratios have been used. Non-parametric statistical tests showed sex-specific significant differences in certain BC parameters. In particular, women have higher fat mass (FM) (Fat/Lean mass ratio: by 67%, p < 2.2e-16) and lower lean mass (Lean Mass index: by -18%, p < 2.2e-16) than men. On the other hand, men have higher android FM than women (Android/gynoid FM ratio: by 56%, p < 2.2e-16). Interesting differences also emerged among countries. Polish elderly have higher FM (Fat/Lean mass ratio: by 52%, p < 2.2e-16) and lower lean mass (Skeletal Mass index: by -23%, p < 2.2e-16) than elderly from the other four countries. At variance, French elderly show lower FM (Fat/Lean mass ratio: by -34%, p < 2.2e-16) and higher lean mass (Skeletal Mass index: by 18%, p < 2.2e-16). Moreover, five BC profiles in women and six in men have been identified by a cluster analysis based on BC parameters. Finally, these data can serve as reference for normative average and variability of BC in the elderly populations across Europe.
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| 22. |
- Chalermsri, Chalobol, 1982-
(författare)
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Dietary diversity and its relation with health among the older population in Thailand
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The role of dietary diversity (DD) in the health status among older people has been recognised. However, the evidence from lower-and-middle-income countries is scarce. The aim of this thesis was to explore the food choice, and dietary diversity, the associated factors and the health consequences of low dietary diversity among older people in Thailand.Study I was a qualitative study, using focus group discussions and individual interviews of people aged 60 years and older informal caregivers in Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. A deductive thematic analysis approach was used. Studies II–IV acquired the data from the fifth Thai National Health Examination Survey, which was conducted between 2013 to 2015. Dietary diversity score (DDS) comprised eight food groups, including grains, white roots and tubers; pulse and beans, nuts and seeds; dairy products; meat, poultry, or fish; eggs; vegetables; fruits; and fats and oils. Socio-demographic characteristics included age, sex, educational level, wealth index, place of residence and living arrangement. The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was determined using the Thai CV risk score. The cardiometabolic risk factors included hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) and lipid profiles. The mortality data was extracted from the Vital Statistics System in 2021. The data analyses used linear, logistic and proportional hazard regressions, which were adjusted for the complex survey design. We found that older people’s food choices relied on several factors, including health, social factors, the food environment and the economic factors. Regarding DD, a higher educational level, a higher wealth index and living in an urban area had a positive association, whereas living alone had a negative association with DDS. Regarding health, DDS had a negative association with log-Thai CV risk score, hypertension, DM and log-TG levels, whereas DDS was positively associated with TC and LDL-C levels. Additionally, DDS was inversely associated with mortality. The association between DDS and mortality was stronger in people aged 70 years and older. Finally, there was an inverse association between DDS and mortality in the underweight subgroup, while there was a positive association between DDS and mortality in the overweight and obesity sub-groups.In conclusion, this thesis showed the associations between DD and several socio-demographic factors and health outcomes. However, the effect of DD on mortality varied, depending on the individual’s age and BMI. Thus, the nutritional policies aimed at improving DD should be focused on the specific target groups to reduce mortality.
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| 23. |
- Montiel Rojas, Diego, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Short Telomere Length Is Related to Limitations in Physical Function in Elderly European Adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aims to explore the potential influence of leucocyte telomere length (LTL) on both a single indicator and a composite construct of physical functioning in a large European population of elderly men and women across diverse geographical locations. A total of 1,221 adults (65-79 years) were recruited from five European countries within the framework of NU-AGE study. The physical functioning construct was based on the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Handgrip strength was used as a single indicator of muscle function and LTL was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Women had significantly longer (p < 0.05) LTL than men. Participants in Poland had significantly shorter LTL than in the other study centers, whereas participants in the Netherlands had significantly longer LTL than most of the other centers (p < 0.01). An analysis of LTL as a continuous outcome against physical functioning by using linear models revealed inconsistent findings. In contrast, based on an analysis of contrasting telomere lengths (first vs. fifth quintile of LTL), a significant odds ratio (OR) of 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1 -2.6; p < 0.05) of having functional limitation was observed in those belonging to the first LTL quintile compared to the fifth. Interestingly, having the shortest LTL was still related to a higher likelihood of having physical limitation when compared to all remaining quintiles (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1 -2.1; p < 0.05), even after adjustment by study center, age, sex, and overweight status. Collectively, our findings suggest that short LTL is an independent risk factor that accounts for functional decline in elderly European populations. The influence of LTL on functional limitation seems driven by the detrimental effect of having short telomeres rather than reflecting a linear dose-response relationship.
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| 24. |
- Santoro, Aurelia, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-specific association of body composition with inflammatory and adipose-related markers in healthy elderly Europeans from the NU-AGE study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 29:9, s. 4968-4979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between body composition (BC) markers for adipose and lean tissue and bone mass, and a wide range of specific inflammatory and adipose-related markers in healthy elderly Europeans.METHODS: A whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was made in 1121 healthy (65-79 years) women and men from five European countries of the "New dietary strategies addressing the specific needs of elderly population for a healthy aging in Europe" project (NCT01754012) cohort to measure markers of adipose and lean tissue and bone mass. Pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-6Rα, TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2, pentraxin 3, CRP, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, albumin) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β1) molecules as well as adipose-related markers such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and resistin were measured by magnetic bead-based multiplex-specific immunoassays and biochemical assays.RESULTS: BC characteristics were different in elderly women and men, and more favorable BC markers were associated with a better adipose-related inflammatory profile, with the exception of skeletal muscle mass index. No correlation was found with the body composition markers and circulating levels of some standard pro- and anti-inflammatory markers like IL-6, pentraxin 3, IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6Rα, glycoprotein 130, TNF-α-R1, and TNF-α-R2.CONCLUSIONS: The association between BC and inflammatory and adipose-related biomarkers is crucial in decoding aging and pathophysiological processes, such as sarcopenia. DXA can help in understanding how the measurement of fat and muscle is important, making the way from research to clinical practice.KEY POINTS: • Body composition markers concordantly associated positively or negatively with adipose-related and inflammatory markers, with the exception of skeletal muscle mass index. • No correlation was found with the body composition markers and circulating levels of some standard pro- and anti-inflammatory markers like IL-6, pentraxin 3, IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6Rα, gp130, TNF-α-R1, and TNF-α-R2. • Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) shows a good correlation with inflammatory profile in age-related sarcopenia.
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