| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Cantoni, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Semiparametric inference with missing data : robustness to outliers and model misspecification
- 2020
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Ingår i: Econometrics and Statistics. - : Elsevier. - 2452-3062. ; 16, s. 108-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classical semiparametric inference with missing outcome data is not robust to contamination of the observed data and a single observation can have arbitrarily large influence on estimation of a parameter of interest. This sensitivity is exacerbated when inverse probability weighting methods are used, which may overweight contaminated observations. Inverse probability weighted, double robust and outcome regression estimators of location and scale parameters are introduced, which are robust to contamination in the sense that their influence function is bounded. Asymptotic properties are deduced and finite sample behaviour studied. Simulated experiments show that contamination can be more serious a threat to the quality of inference than model misspecification. An interesting aspect of the results is that the auxiliary outcome model used to adjust for ignorable missingness by some of the estimators, is also useful to protect against contamination. Both adjustment to ignorable missingness and protection against contamination are achieved through weighting schemes. A case study illustrates how the resulting weights can be studied to gain insights on how the two different weighting schemes interact.
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| 24. |
- Chaparro, M. Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood family structure and women's adult overweight risk : A longitudinal study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:5, s. 511-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate whether women's adult overweight and obesity risk was associated with their childhood family structure, measured as their mothers' marital status history, during the women's first 18 years of life.METHODS: Using linked register data, we analyzed 30,584 primiparous women born in Sweden in 1975 who were between 19-35 years of age when their height and pre-pregnancy weight was recorded. The outcomes were women's overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) and the predictor was mothers' marital status history, which was summarized using sequence analysis. We carried out nested logistic regression models adjusting for women's age and maternal sociodemographic characteristics.RESULTS: Mothers' marital status history was summarized into six clusters: stable marriage, stable cohabitation, married then divorcing, cohabiting then separating, varied transitions, and not with father. In fully adjusted models and compared with women whose mothers belonged to the stable marriage cluster: (1) women whose mothers belonged to the other marital status clusters had higher odds of overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) ranging 1.15-1.19; p < 0.05); and (2) women whose mothers belonged to the stable cohabitation (OR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.52), cohabiting then separating (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.01-1.49), varied transitions (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.11-1.39), and not with father (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.00-1.54) clusters had higher odds of obesity.CONCLUSIONS: Women whose mothers were not in stable marriage relationships had higher odds of being overweight or obese in adulthood. The finding that even women raised in the context of stable cohabitation had higher odds of being overweight or obese is intriguing as these relationships are socially accepted in Sweden.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Chaparro, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Regional inequalities in pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in Sweden, 1992, 2000, and 2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43:5, s. 534-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate regional differences and time trends in women's overweight and obesity in Sweden. Methods: Using data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register (women aged 18 years, first pregnancy only) and the Total Population Register accessed through the Umea SIMSAM Lab, age-standardized prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (BMI 25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI 30 kg/m(2)) were estimated by county for the years 1992, 2000, and 2010. Maps were created using ArcMap v10.2.2 to display regional variations over time and logistic regression analyses were used to assess if the observed trends were significant. Results: The prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and obesity increased significantly in all Swedish counties between 1992, and 2010. In 2010, Sodermanland and Gotland exhibited the highest age-standardized overweight/obesity (39.7%) and obesity (15.1%) prevalence, respectively. The sharpest increases between 1992 and 2010 were observed in Vasterbotten for overweight/obesity (75% increase) and in Gotland for obesity (233% increase). Across the years, Stockholm had the lowest prevalence of overweight/obesity (26.3% in 2010) and obesity (7.3% in 2010) and one of the least steep increases in prevalence of both between 1992 and 2010. Conclusions: Substantial regional differences in pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity prevalence are apparent in Sweden. Further research should elucidate the mechanisms causing these differences.
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| 27. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Central bank independence and price stability : evidence from OECD-countries
- 2008
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Ingår i: Oxford Economic Papers. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0030-7653 .- 1464-3812. ; 60:3, s. 410-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we use a non-parametric regression method to compare the transition process from high to low inflation with the implementation dates of central bank independence reforms. In most countries, price stability is achieved before more independence is given to the central bank. Moreover, for those countries which have implemented a central bank independence reform under a high inflation regime, no evidence is found that the reforms have actually led to price stability. This suggests that the credibility of a low inflation goal can be achieved without institutional reforms which grant the central bank more independence from the political policymakers.
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| 28. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and Cost of Regime Shifts in Inflation Policies : Evidence from New Zealand and Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 33:2, s. 217-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a comparative study of the regime shift in inflation policies in New Zealand and Sweden is performed. A nonparametric regression method is used to decompose the inflation time series into three components of variation: a long-term trend, a medium-term (cyclical and transient variations) trend and a short-term shocks component. This allows study of the transition process from the high inflation characterizing the end of the 1970s and the 1980s to the low inflation observed during the 1990s. It is found that in New Zealand, although it is initially delayed, the decrease in inflation happens at a faster pace than in Sweden. This may indicate that reforms were more efficient in New Zealand. A clear link is also shown between the rising unemployment and the transition from high to low inflation. Furthermore, while in New Zealand a downward adjustment of the unemployment rate happens directly after the transition period, in Sweden there seems to be persistence in high unemployment.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- de Luna, Xavier, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Can adult education delay retirement from the Labour Market?
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several studies have suggested that education is associated with later retirement from the labour market. In this paper, we examine whether adult education, involving enrolees aged 42 or above, delays retirement to potentially increase labour force participation among the elderly. With Swedish register data of transcripts from adult education and an-nual earnings, which encompasses 1979-2004 and 1982-2004 respectively, we exploit the fact that adult education is a large-scale phenomenon in Sweden and construct a measure of the timing of the transition from being self-supported by productive work to being supported by pension transfers. We match samples of treated and controls on the propen-sity score and use non-parametric estimation of survival rates. The results indicate that adult education has no effect on the timing of the retirement from the labour force. This can be contrasted with the fact that adult education is one of the cornerstones of the OECD strategy for “active ageing” and the European Union’s “Lisbon strategy” for growth and jobs.
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