| 247231. |
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| 247232. |
- Perrin, Sean
(författare)
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Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This presentation provides an overview of the state of the evidence with respect to the prevalence, aetiology, and treatment of pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with an emphasis on the first-line, recommended treatment - trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapies. The presenter also details findings from his recent research on the relative efficacy of a writing-based form of CBT and EMDR for PTSD, and the applicability of trauma-focused CBT to adolescents with complex psychosocial comorbidities.
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| 247233. |
- Perrin, Sean
(författare)
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Review of Cognitive Therapy for Adolescents in School Settings
- 2012
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Mental Health. - 1475-357X.
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a detailed guide on the principles of cognitive therapy as they are applied to problems of emotion (anxiety, sadness, anger), skill (assertiveness, problem-solving), and general confidence in children and adolescents. The title is slightly misleading in the sense that there is little in the book that specifically relates to how this treatment would be applied in school settings by school personnel rather than a mental health professional seeing children on a 1-1 basis in an office at a school. Nor do the authors provide evidence of how cognitive therapy has been effectively applied in school settings. A much stronger evidence base exists for the application of cognitive-behavioural approaches that have been implemented by school teachers, pedagogues, and school counsellors (often in group format) as part of universal prevention/treatment programmes for anxiety/depression, as well as the treatment (specifically) of PTSD and Social Anxiety Disorder. Non-clinicians working in a school setting (e.g. teachers) could not pick up this manual and use the techniques here for problems of anxiety/depression/confidence without considerable supervision, and the authors rightly acknowledge this limitation. Nevertheless this is a very useful book in that it is a detailed account of cognitive therapy as applied to children and adolescents with emotional disorders. In that regard child and adolescent mental health specialists in and outside of school settings are likely to find the book useful. It has case examples, useful diagrams of formulations, and detailed descriptions of particular interventions associated with cognitive therapy (e.g. behavioural experiments, guided discovery). It is not a disorder-specific description of cognitive therapy, and when it comes to disorders like OCD, PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and GAD - clinicians may want to have a manual specific to these conditions.
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| 247234. |
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| 247235. |
- Perrin-Wallqvist, Renée
(författare)
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The Prometheus Complex : Striving for competence
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the present investigations was to obtain a more comprehensive view of fire setting by children and adolescents; to explore the prevalence of the phenomenon; whether or not it experimentally may be related to frustration or boredom and to examine the role of personality traits such as optimism, pessimism and creativity. This dissertation consists of two experimental and two interview studies. Paper I presents the result from two interview studies reporting that playing with fire is a common phenomenon among children. Male participants reported playing with fire in 70 % of the cases and in the female group the amount was 44 %. Motives for fireplay were curiosity and distraction in the male group and excitement and amusement seeking in the female group. The results achieved in the experimental study as reported in Paper II indicate that frustration increases the probability of initiating fire but that alcohol does not exacerbate this tendency. Boredom seems to increase the probability of fantasizing about starting fires as described in Paper III which is an experimental study investigating boredom in relation to personality variables. In Paper IV, a phenomenological investigation describes and analyses the fascination people have for fire. The study yielded three perspectives describing the meaning of fire for the individual: Fire from a fire fighter perspective, fireplay and power and control. Phenomenological reduction led to conclusions that the attitude to fire is both rational and irrational and that respect as well as fascination is felt in front of a burning fire.
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| 247236. |
- Perrinjaquet, Maurice
(författare)
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Control of neuronal survival, migration and outgrowth by GDNF and its receptors
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the prototypical member of a family of growth factors that are indispensable in nervous system development and maintenance. GDNF signals by binding to a multi-component receptor complex comprised of the ligand-binding subunit GFRα1 and the signaling subunit RET or NCAM. While initial interest in GDNF was merely focused on its potential therapeutic effects in Parkinson’s disease, it has rapidly become evident that the mechanisms by which GDNF and its receptors regulate diverse physiological events are incomplete. Thus, we have demonstrated new insights into the control of neuronal survival, migration, and outgrowth by GDNF and its receptors. To begin clarifing the complexity of GDNF signaling, we examined RET intracellular tyrosine residues which become phosphorylated upon receptor activation, and serve as docking sites for downstream signaling effectors. The functions of most of these phosphorylated tyrosine residues are still unknown. In paper I, we identified the proteintyrosine phosphatase SHP2 as a novel direct interactor of RET and as the first effector known to bind to phosphorylated Tyr687. Furthermore, we found that activation of protein kinase A (PKA) by forskolin reduced the recruitment of SHP2 to RET, negatively affecting ligand-mediated neurite outgrowth. Together, these findings establish SHP2 as a novel positive regulator of RET function and reveal Tyr687 as a critical platform for integration of RET and PKA signals. To continue to understand GDNF signaling diversity, we examined RET signaling in a clinical context. Most patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and type 2A multiple endrocrine neoplasia (MEN2A) exhibit cysteine residue mutations in the juxtamembrane region of RET which result in unexplained oncogenic activation. Thus, in paper II we identified and described the self-association determinants of the RET transmembrane (RET-TM) domain underlying such oncogenic activation by mutations found in these patients. We found that strong propensity for RET-TM self-association underlies - and may be required for – dimer formation and oncogenic activation by juxtamembrane cysteine mutations localized in close proximity to the plasma membrane in MTC and MEN2A syndromes. To further dissect the many facets of GDNF signaling, we alternatively investigated the functions of GDNF and GFRα1 independent of RET. GDNF promotes the differentiation and migration of GABAergic neuronal precursors from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). These functions are dependent on GFRα1, but are independent of the two known receptor partners RET and NCAM. In paper III, we revealed that soluble GFRα1 is able to promote GABAergic differentiation and migration, but requires endogenous GDNF production. Furthermore, we showed that MET signaling inhibition promoted the same physiological response as GDNF. Finally, we justified the existence of a novel transmembrane receptor for the GDNF/GFRα1 complex and uncovered an unexpected interplay between GDNF/GFRα1 and HGF/Met signaling in the early diversification of GABAergic MGE interneuron subtypes.
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| 247237. |
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| 247238. |
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| 247239. |
- Perris, Hjördis, 1940-
(författare)
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A multifactorial study of life events in depressed patients
- 1982
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was an attempted elucidation of the possible pathogenic role of life events in the onset and development of depression. Although several authors seem to agree that the impact of life events should be seen in relation to the person experiencing them, no comprehensive studies have been published so far where life events have been analysed in relation to the vulnerability of the individual who becomes depressed. The present study was inspired by Freud’s concept of ”Ergänzungsreihe”, and was based on the general assumption that biological as well as psychological and social factors contribute greatly to modifying an individual’s vulnerability to external events.To test this hypothesis the occurrence of life events was studied by means of a semistructured interview in a consecutive series of 206 depressed patients of both sexes treated as in- or outpatients, and the results have been analysed in relation to a series of variables which could be assumed to be of importance in modifying the vulnerability of the patients. The main hypothesis was that the more vulnerable the individual was in relation to each of the investigated factors, the fewer events would be necessary to produce a depressive breakdown and the more negative would be the experience of such events. Biological, psychological and clinical variables were taken into account in different parts of the present study.The results support the view that the impact of life events should be seen idiosyncratically and in relation to the specific vulnerability of each individual. Furthermore the study illustrates a fruitful approach for further studies aimed at a closer understanding of the role of external events in the development of a depressive illness.
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| 247240. |
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