| 16651. |
- Högberg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen isotope fractionation during nitrogen uptake by ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris
- 1999
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 142:3, s. 569-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experiment was performed to find out whether ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi alter the nitrogen (N) isotope composition, δ15N, of N during the transport of N from the soil through the fungus into the plant. Non- mycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus sylvestris were compared with seedlings inoculated with either of three ECM fungi, Paxillus involutus, Suillus bovinus and S. variegatus. Plants were raised in sand in pots supplied with a nutrient solution with N given as either NH4+ or NO3−. Fractionation against 15N was observed with both N sources; it decreased with increasing plant N uptake, and was larger when NH4+ was the source. At high ratios of Nuptake/Nsupplied there was no (NO3−), or little (NH4+), fractionation. There seemed to be no difference in fractionation between ECM and non-mycorrhizal plants, but fungal rhizomorphs were sometimes enriched in 15N (up to 5‰ at most) relative to plant material; they were also enriched relative to the N source. However, this enrichment of the fungal material was calculated to cause only a marginal decrease (−0.1‰ in P. involutus) in δ15N of the N passing from the substrate through the fungus to the host, which is explained by the small size of the fungal N pool relative to the total N of the plant, i.e. the high efficiency of transfer. We conclude that the relatively high 15N abundance observed in ECM fungal species should be a function of fungal physiology in the ECM symbiosis, rather than a reflection of the isotopic signature of the N source(s) used. This experiment also shows that the δ15N of plant N is a good approximation of δ15N of the available N source(s), provided that N is limiting growth.
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| 16652. |
- Högberg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Substrate-induced respiration measured in situ in a C-3-plant ecosystem using additions of C-4-sucrose
- 1996
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 28:9, s. 1131-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We added sucrose derived from sugar cane, a tropical C4-plant, to the soil of a temperate C3-forest plant system. The combined measurement of CO2 respiration rate and 13C natural abundance of CO2 enabled a distinction to be made between C3- and C4-respiration, which offered new possibilities to analyze basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) in the field. In tests in the laboratory, through-flow systems were used, while in the field the stationary gas phase under soil covers was sampled. Results from the laboratory and in the field were similar with an average SIR response of 2.2 (range 1.7–2.7) times the basal respiration. The change in δ13C after addition of C4-surcrose was less than expected from the increase in respiration rate. Calculations showed that there was an increased efflux of C3-carbon after the C4-sucrose addition. We describe mathematical models, by which we calculated the various source effects contributing to the measured response. The method has numerous advantages, e.g. it uses naturally labelled inexpensive non-hazardous compounds and measurements are non-destructive to the studied system.
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| 16653. |
- Högberg, Sören, 1956-
(författare)
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Om lärarskapets moraliska dimension : ett perspektiv och en studie av lärarstuderandes nätbaserade seminariesamtal
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this dissertation, an educational perspective called the moral dimension of teaching is developed. The work includes a theoretically informed discussion from a pragmatist point of view in which the concept of pedagogical rhythm is introduced. The concept captures the need for teachers to regularly shift their intentions and occasionally act in contradictory ways as a consequence of the moral which emerges from interaction in pedagogical situations. Using this perspective, criteria are developed for the characteristics of discussions of the work of teachers, which are desirable in order for students in pre-service teacher education to have opportunities to develop their teachership.Secondly, the educational perspective as it is conceptualised serves as a theoretical framework for a study of discussions taking place in net-based seminars among students in teacher education. The study consists of 14 recorded seminars in which discussions of the work of teachers are analysed in terms of content and direction for reflection. The result of the analysis is a construction of four different focal points for processes of making judgements: existential, performative, critical and professional. Mainly the performative, and to some extent the critical, focal points appear to be supported by the net-based environment, although potential for the professional focal point is found when available tools in net-based settings are used in deliberate ways.Finally, based on these four focal points, possible future predispositions among student teachers are deliberated. Student teachers’ future opportunities to develop a moral and epistemological authority are discussed, as well as teachers’ general opportunities to exercise professional responsibility. The conclusion emphasises that a perspective such as the one developed in the dissertation is important, as it creates an understanding for the need to educate student teachers to exercise a form of responsibility that goes beyond being accountable to society.
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| 16654. |
- Högberg, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards mental illness in Sweden : adaptation and development of the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness questionnaire
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1445-8330 .- 1447-0349. ; 17:5, s. 302-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose for the expansion of supported community care for persons with serious mental illness in Sweden was to ensure the right for these persons to live as citizens in the community. However, earlier research shows that negative attitudes towards mental illness present an obstacle for social integration of persons with serious mental illness. The aim of this study, conducted in Sweden, was to evaluate an existing instrument's (Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness, CAMI), validity and reliability. An additional aim was to adapt and develop the questionnaire to Swedish circumstances. After translation and modification of the original CAMI, the Swedish version of the questionnaire (CAMI-S) was distributed to all student nurses at three different universities in Sweden. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90 of the original CAMI-S. A corrected inter-item total correlation excluded 20 items because they showed loading <0.43. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient on the 20 items (new CAMI-S) that showed loading, >0.43, was 0.903. A factor analysis of these items revealed that the data could be extracted in three factors labelled as: open-minded and pro-integration, fear and avoidance and community mental health ideology. Finally, in order to reach reliable results in attitude research, it is important to measure the respondent's attitude towards the object in common as well as the respondent's attitude to interact with the object. Accordingly, it is important to add behavioural intention items to the 'new CAMI-S'. Statements exemplifying how something 'ought to be' in an impersonal way have a good degree of stability over time and place.
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| 16655. |
- Högberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Gynekologisk onkologi
- 2008. - 2
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Ingår i: Onkologi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147084012 ; , s. 488-533
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16656. |
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| 16657. |
- Höglund, Arja, et al.
(författare)
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Like a Wave in Its Variable Shape, Breadth, and Depth : A Qualitative Interview Study of Experiences of Daytime Sleepiness in People with Parkinson's Disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Parkinson's Disease. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-8083 .- 2042-0080. ; 2022, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Daytime sleepiness is a common nonmotor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) which is associated with decreased quality of life and perceived health. However, experiences of daytime sleepiness in people with PD have not been explored. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore experiences of daytime sleepiness in people with PD. Materials and Methods: Five women and seven men (42-82 years) with PD for 1.5 to 21 years and excessive daytime sleepiness (i.e., a score of >10 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale) participated in the study. Data were collected through individual, semistructured, face-to-face interviews and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Three themes of the experience of daytime sleepiness were revealed: (1) not an isolated phenomenon, (2) something to struggle against or accept, and (3) something beyond sleepiness. Conclusion: Daytime sleepiness is a complex nonmotor symptom in PD which manifests itself in several ways. Some experiences are similar, for instance, the attribution of daytime sleepiness to PD and its medical treatment. Differences depend on how sleepiness manifests itself, affects the person, and impacts daily life, as well as whether it causes feelings of embarrassment. Some participants needed to struggle against daytime sleepiness most of the time, and others had found a way to handle it, for example, with physical activity. However, sleepiness may also be used to benefit the person, for example, if they allow themselves to take a power nap to regain energy. The health care professionals can easily underestimate or misinterpret the prevalence and burden of daytime sleepiness because people with PD may describe daytime sleepiness as tiredness, drowsiness, or feeling exhausted, not as sleepiness.
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| 16658. |
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| 16659. |
- Höglund, Erik, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambulance quality and outcome measures for general non-conveyed populations (AQUA) : A scoping review
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: An increasing number of patients receive ambulance care without being conveyed to a definitive care provider. This process has been described as complex, challenging, and lacking in guideline support by EMS clinicians. The use of quality- and outcome measures among non-conveyed patients is an understudied phenomenon.AIM: To identify current quality- and outcome measures for the general population of non-conveyed patients in order to describe major trends and knowledge gaps. METHODS: A scoping review of peer-reviewed original articles was conducted to identify quality- and outcome measures for non-conveyance within emergency medical services. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews statement (PRISMA-ScR) was followed. The PROSPERO and OSF database were checked for pending reviews or protocols. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library database were searched for relevant articles. Searches were performed in November 2023. RESULTS: Thirty-six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Mortality was the most used outcome measure, reported in 24 (67%) of the articles. Emergency department attendance and hospital admission were the following most used outcome measures. Follow-up durations varied substantially between both measures and studies. Mortality rates were found to have the longest follow-up times, with a median follow-up duration a little bit over one week. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review shows that studies report a wide range of quality and outcome measures in the ambulance setting to measure non-conveyance. Reported quality and outcome measures were also heterogeneous with regard to their follow-up timeframe. The variety of approaches to evaluate non-conveyance poses challenges for future research and quality improvement. A more uniform approach to reporting and measuring non-conveyance is needed to enable comparisons between contexts and formal meta-analysis.
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| 16660. |
- Höglund, Erik, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambulance quality and outcome measures for general non-conveyed populations (AQUA): A scoping review
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background An increasing number of patients receive ambulance care without being conveyed to a definitive care provider. This process has been described as complex, challenging, and lacking in guideline support by EMS clinicians. The use of quality- and outcome measures among non-conveyed patients is an understudied phenomenon.Aim To identify current quality- and outcome measures for the general population of non-conveyed patients in order to describe major trends and knowledge gaps.Methods A scoping review of peer-reviewed original articles was conducted to identify quality- and outcome measures for non-conveyance within emergency medical services. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews statement (PRISMA-ScR) was followed. The PROSPERO and OSF database were checked for pending reviews or protocols. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library database were searched for relevant articles. Searches were performed in November 2023.Results Thirty-six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Mortality was the most used outcome measure, reported in 24 (67%) of the articles. Emergency department attendance and hospital admission were the following most used outcome measures. Follow-up durations varied substantially between both measures and studies. Mortality rates were found to have the longest follow-up times, with a median follow-up duration a little bit over one week.Conclusions This scoping review shows that studies report a wide range of quality and outcome measures in the ambulance setting to measure non-conveyance. Reported quality and outcome measures were also heterogeneous with regard to their follow-up timeframe. The variety of approaches to evaluate non-conveyance poses challenges for future research and quality improvement. A more uniform approach to reporting and measuring non-conveyance is needed to enable comparisons between contexts and formal meta-analysis.
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