| 51111. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
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An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels
- 2009
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Ingår i: PloS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 4:12, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans and a few select insect and reptile species synchronise inter-individual behaviour without any time lag by predicting the time of future events rather than reacting to them. This is evident in music performance, dance, and drill. Although repetition of equal time intervals (i.e. isochrony) is the central principle for such prediction, this simple information is used in a flexible and complex way that accommodates both multiples, subdivisions, and gradual changes of intervals. The scope of this flexibility remains largely uncharted, and the underlying mechanisms are a matter for speculation. Here I report an auditory illusion that highlights some aspects of this behaviour and that provides a powerful tool for its future study. A sound pattern is described that affords multiple alternative and concurrent rates of recurrence (temporal levels). An algorithm that systematically controls time intervals and the relative loudness among these levels creates an illusion that the perceived rate speeds up or slows down infinitely. Human participants synchronised hand movements with their perceived rate of events, and exhibited a change in their movement rate that was several times larger than the physical change in the sound pattern. The illusion demonstrates the duality between the external signal and the internal predictive process, such that people's tendency to follow their own subjective pulse overrides the overall properties of the stimulus pattern. Furthermore, accurate synchronisation with sounds separated by more than 8 s demonstrate that multiple temporal levels are employed for facilitating temporal organisation and integration by the human brain. A number of applications of the illusion and the stimulus pattern are suggested.
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| 51112. |
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| 51113. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory feedback affects the long-range correlation of isochronous serial interval production : support for a closed-loop or memory model of timing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 193:4, s. 519-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-range dependence is a characteristic property of successively produced time intervals, such as in un-paced or continuation tapping. We hypothesise in the present paper that serial dependence in such tasks could be related to a closed-loop regulation process, in which the current interval is determined by preceding ones. As a consequence, the quality of sensory feedback is likely to affect serial dependence. An experiment with human participants shows that diminished sensory information tends to increase the Hurst exponent for short inter-onset intervals and tends to decrease it for long intervals. A simulation shows that a simple auto-regressive model, whose order depends on the ratio between the inter-onset interval and an assumed temporal integration span, is able to account for most of our empirical results, including the duration specificity of long-range correlation.
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| 51114. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Can gender studies be studied? : Reply to comments on Söderlund and Madison
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 108:1, s. 329-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reply to the comment by Lundgren, Shildrick and Lawrence on our article on gender studies bibliometrics and argue that it does not challenge any of our main results. Their points of criticism concerned that we had not compiled exactly all scholarly gender production, that the gender studies field had changed during the period, that the definition of the research area is vague, and suggest that only gender studies scholars themselves are able to study the field. We maintain that constructive scientific critique should specify alternative methods and how they are expected to change the results and conclusions, and why that would be preferable. Without such stringency, it reduces to regressive lists of detail.
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| 51115. |
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| 51116. |
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| 51117. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Common genetic influences on intelligence and auditory simple reaction time in a large Swedish sample
- 2016
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Ingår i: Intelligence. - : Elsevier. - 0160-2896 .- 1873-7935. ; 59, s. 157-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligence and cognitive ability have long been associated with chronometric performance measures, such as reaction time (RT), but few studies have investigated auditory RT in this context. The nature of this relationship is important for understanding the etiology and structure of intelligence. Here, we present a bivariate twin analysis of simple auditory RT and psychometric intelligence (measured by the Wiener Matrizen Test). The sample consisted of 1,816 complete twin pairs and 4623 singletons enrolled in the Swedish Twin Registry, who performed the tests online. The heritabilities were 0.54 and 0.21 for intelligence and RT, respectively, and the phenotypic correlation was −0.17, 47% of which was explained by common genetic variance. These results are comparable to those found for visual RT and for other cognitive tests, and add RT in the auditory modality to the small literature on common genetic influences across intelligence and other cognitive and chronometric variables.
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| 51118. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Common genetic influences onintelligence and simple reaction time
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Psychometric intelligence (IQ) is correlated with a range of timing performance measures, including simple and choice reaction time (RT) mean and variability, temporal discrimination accuracy and reproduction tasks [1,2,3]. We have proposed that this relation may include bottom-up mechanisms, in the sense that basic neural properties may influence both temporal accuracy and cognitive processes, rather than a top-down relation in which cognitively superior strategies facilitate timing performance [3,4,5,6]. IQ, RT, and most other timing measures have been found to be moderately heritable. The extent of possible common genetic influence on IQ and timing tasks, as well as specific (non-overlapping) genetic influences, may be informative regarding functional relationships. However, most twin studies of this kind have considered choice RT [reviewed in 7] rather than simple RT [8,9]. In particular has no study addressed IQ and auditory RT, which is shorter than visual RT and also more suitable for on-line administration. Here, we investigate common genetic influence on IQ and simple auditory RT (SART) in a large genetically informative sample.Method: Data were collected via an on-line survey from 11,543 Swedish twins, recruited through the Swedish Twin Registry. Intelligence was measured with the Wiener Matrizen(WMT, α= .81) matrix reasoning test [10]. Simple auditory reaction time (SART, α= .86) was measured by pressing the space bar on a computer as fast as possible after hearing a cowbell sound, presented after random intervals 2.5-4.0 s. Individual SART was computed as the median of 25 runs. The finalsample consisted of 893 complete MZ and 924 complete DZ pairs and 4,623 single twins without a participating co-twin who had a score for at least one of the variables (N = 8,257, age M 40.1, SD 7.9, R 27-54). Singletons were included for estimation of means and variances. The classical twin designwas applied to estimate genetic and environmental influences on the covariance between the traits. Analyses were conducted in Mxwhich takes the relatedness of the sample into account. First a bivariate sex-limitation model was fitted to allow the estimates to quantitatively differ between the sexes.However, estimates could be equated between the sexes (see figure with final model).Results and conclusions: Possible dominant genetic effects were not significant and an ACE model was therefore fitted. Twin correlations for SART and IQ are shown in the table above. The bivariate ACE Choleskydecomposition (see figure) suggested that both additive genetic and non-shared environmental effects significantly contribute to the covariance between the traits.The phenotypic correlation between the two traits was smaller (-0.17, CI: -.20; -.15) than the ~.3-.5 found for laboratory data,and is therefore likely due to lower reliability associated with on-line testing. The h2estimate for SART (.21) was comparable to one previous estimate of visual SRT h2of .22 [8] and smaller than two previous h2’s of .48 [9] and .52 [10]. Hence, the present study extends previous ones by much larger N’s. Furthermore, this is the first study to establish these estimates for auditory RT. The results may have implications for assessing the usefulness of SRT as a proxy for IQ when psychometric intelligence scoresare problematic, for example because of secular changes in test-taking performance and re-norming in response to the Flynn-Lynn effect [e.g. 12].
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| 51119. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Comparisons of content and scientific quality indicators across peer-reviewed journal articles with more or less gender perspective : gender studies can do better
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 115:3, s. 1161-1183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of gender studies has faced criticism for poor scholarship and methodology, both from within and outside academia. Here, we compare indicators of scientific quality across three samples of peer-reviewed journal articles with more, less and no gender perspective, on the assumption that gender studies tend to apply a gender perspective. The statements in the articles were content-analysed with respect to subject matter, their level of support in surrounding text, and other indicators of scientific quality. The higher the level of gender perspective, the lower was the scientific quality for seven out of nine indicators. Support was higher for the no gender perspective group, but did not differ across the two higher levels. We suggest that the impact of the field can be increased by implementing established research methods employed in other disciplines, especially in terms of bringing about desired social and societal change.
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| 51120. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Consistency in listeners’ ratings as a function of listening time
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Stockholm music acoustics conference. - Stockholm : Royal College of Technology. ; , s. 639-642
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the consistency and similarity of adjective ratings of 10 music examples (ME) across 7 different example durations. Although the effect of ME was generally statistically significant for all 14 adjectives and all durations from 0.5 to 16s, the agreement between the relative ratings of MEs was poor for some adjectives. Consistency, in terms of F ratios, did not increase with duration, which seems to contradict the hypothesis that more information entails better judgements. We discuss possible explanations for these results, and conclude that further examination of the validity of adjective ratings is warranted.
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